فاطمه مهدی پور

Patients experience cognitive, emotional, psychological, and physiological disruptions as well as body shame as a result of the emergence of physiological disorders such as cancer and the treatment process. Accordingly, the present study aimed to identify a structural model of body shame based on mindfulness, with the mediating role of self-compassion in people with cancer.

The applied research was conducted based on correlation through structural equation modeling. The statistical population included individuals with cancer disease who were referred to Bandar Abbas Medical Centers in 2022. In this research, 200 patients with cancer were selected using the available sampling method. The research instruments were the Body Shame Questionnaire (Duarte et al, 2015), the Mindfulness Skills Questionnaire (Baer, Smith, Allen, 2004), and the Self-Compassion Questionnaire (Neff, 2003). SPSS software and Amos software were used to analyze the data using structural equation modeling.

The results showed that mindfulness had a significant direct effect on self-compassion and body shame of people with cancer, accounting for 21.3% and 25.3% of the variance of these variables, respectively. Besides, self-compassion had a significant direct effect on the body shame of people with cancer, which also accounted for 22.1% of the variance of this variable. Self-compassion had a significant mediating role in the relationship between mindfulness and body shame (P<0.05).

Considering the significant mediating role of self-compassion, the occurrence of body shame in people with cancer could be reduced by implementing effective interventions, such as self-compassion training. Since self-compassion could act as a buffer against the effects of negative events. Individuals with self-compassion accepted negative life events more easily, and their self-evaluations and reactions were more accurate and based on their performance.

In recent years, environmental friendly methods have been considered for managing hazardous chemicals in landfill leachates to prevent their entrance to surface and groundwater resources. This research was done in 2022 at University of Guilan. An ureolytic bacterium with the ability to precipitate calcium carbonate was isolated from the Saravan landfill leachate (SLL) firstly. Then, its potential was investigated along with the indicator bacteria Sporosarcina pasteurii</em> in removing phosphate, calcium and fluoride ions from LLA through the calcium carbonate bioprecipitation process (MICP). The experiment was carried out as a 3 × 2 × 2 factorial in a completely randomized design with three replicates (36 samples). Factors include biocementing bacteria at three levels (no inoculation, inoculation with strain isolated from LLA and inoculation with S.  pasteurii</em>), urea at two levels (0 and 2% (v/v)), and calcium chloride at two levels (0 and 50 mM). The highest phosphate removal rate (93%) was observed in the presence of calcium chloride without bacteria inoculation, and urea addition. However, ureolytic bacteria were needed for fluoride removal where the treatments of indicator bacteria and isolated strain in the presence of urea and calcium chloride removed 77% and 48% of fluoride, which was 14.4 and 9 times greater than the control treatment, respectively. The calcium removal rate in treatments with indicator and isolated bacteria was 93% and 90%, respectively. Although the removal rate of phosphate, calcium and fluoride was higher in the presence of the indicator bacteria compared to the isolated strain, there was no significant difference between them. Therefore, considering the application of native microorganisms, in addition to reducing costs, also creates less environmental concern than the indicator bacteria, it can be used to remove hazardous chemicals from landfill leachates through the MICP process.

Cancer disease can cause body shame in patients by causing physical changes, which needs to be researched. Therefore, the present study was done aimed to investigate the structural relationship model of mindfulness and self-compassion with body shame through body appreciation in cancer patients.

The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all cancer patients who referred to the treatment clinics of Bandar Abbas city in 2022 that 200 patients were selected by purposive sampling. Body Image Shame Scale (BISS), Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and Body Appreciation Scale (BAS) were used for gathering data. Data were analyzed through structural equations modeling and SPSS-26 and Amos-23 software.

The results showed that there is a relationship between body appreciation and body shame with a rate of -0.426. There is a relationship between mindfulness and self-compassion with body appreciation with 0.481 and 0.453, respectively. Also, the results showed that there is a direct relationship between mindfulness and self-compassion with the rate of -0.276 and -0.411 and indirectly with the rate of -0.205 and -0.193 with body shame.

According to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that mindfulness and self-compassion can reduce body shame in cancer patients by increasing body appreciation. Therefore, the obtained findings highlight the importance of interventions based on mindfulness and self-compassion to improve body shame in cancer patients.

Shear wave elastography (SWE) estimates the stiffness of a mass based on the velocity of shear wave propagation by sound waves. Due to higher cell density and angiogenesis, malignant masses have higher stiffness than benign ones.

The present study was a prospective study and was performed on patients who were referred to Ahvaz Golestan Hospital with breast mass during March 2020 to March 2021. Only patients with 4-5 BI-RAD were evaluated. Patients were graded based on ACR BI-RAD. All patients were subjected to ultrasound and selection of BI-RAD 4-5 patients for evaluation with SWE and sampling for pathology testing. In this study, in order to increase the maximum accuracy and take samples from the main location of the lesion, sampling was done by ultrasound-guided biopsy method. Tumor information was recorded by a specialist doctor after ultrasound and SWE. This information included tumor type, tumor size and grade, presence of metastasis, involvement of lymph nodes, average and maximum elasticity. SWE cutoffs were compared for mean and maximum elasticity to distinguish benign from malignant masses.

In this study, 115 patients were evaluated. 63.5% (73) of the patients had benign mass and 36.5% (42) had malignant ones. There was a significant relationship between tumor size and mean and maximum elasticity (P<0.001 The results showed that the diagnostic accuracy of SWE in identifying malignant masses compared to benign ones was 100%, so that the mean (16.61±8.03 kPa) and maximum (21.14±8.88 kPa) elasticity in benign masses were significantly lower than the mean (32.21±7.59 kPa) and maximum (91.62±8.84 kPa) elasticity of malignant masses (P<0.001). There was also a significant difference between the 4 BI-RAD subgroups, so that in BI-RAD 4a, the lowest mean and maximum elasticity were seen (P<0.001).

The results showed that SWE parameters have sufficient diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing malignant breast masses. Therefore, the use of quantitative SWE parameters in conjunction with ultrasound and BI-RADS classification can avoid unnecessary biopsies.

Addiction is the most widespread and recognized health concern and risk in Iran. As a chronic and recurrent disorder, in addition to profound social, psychological, physical, and economic impacts on the consumer, addiction imposes significant psychological pressure on family members and society. The drug dependency of the family head is very harmful and destructive and has many adverse effects on all the family members and, most notably, the addicted wife. In such cases, some codependency in the woman causes them to exhibit a pattern of exaggerated and excessive behavior strongly influenced by the addicted spouse. This dependence continues until the individual loses his or her identity. Problem–solving styles and thinking styles can be effective in measuring facts and benefiting from capabilities, and dealing with negative emotions. So, this research aimed to investigate the relationship between thinking styles and problem–solving styles with the codependency of spouses of patients with addiction.

The method of this study was descriptive correlational. The statistical population was all spouses of substance abusers referred to addiction treatment centers in Tehran City, Iran, in 2018. Of them, 42 people were selected by convenience sampling. The inclusion criteria were as follows: living in Tehran, aged 18 to 35 years, and consent to participate in research. The exclusion criterion was the incomplete filling of the questionnaires. The study data were gathered via the Thinking Styles Scale (Sternberg & Wagner, 1992), Problem–Solving Styles Scale (Heppner & Petersen, 1982), and Codependency Scale (Spann & Fischer, 1990). After collecting the data, SPSS version 21 software was used to analyze them. At the level of descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation, and at the level of inferential statistics, stepwise regression analysis was used. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

The results showed that the components of thinking styles, including libertarianism, conservatism, anarchism, collectivism, holistic, executive, judicial, detail–oriented, internal, legislation, monocracy, and hierarchy, had multiple correlations with codependency (p<0.001) and these 12 components together explained 49.6% of the codependency variance. Also, the components of problem–solving styles, including confidence in solving problems, tendency–avoidance style, and personal control, had multiple correlations with codependency (p<0.001), and these 3 components together explained 63% of the variance of codependency.

Based on the research findings, thinking and problem–solving styles can significantly reduce the attitude of codependent people about drugs and act as a shield and provide the right solution by thinking and making the right decision when faced with stressful factors and irrational requests of others.

The risk involved in entrepreneurial activities and the problem of financing in the field of entrepreneurship are two major challenges for the development of entrepreneurship. However, the development of the insurance industry as a central institution for reducing financial risk, as well as the institution of investment can help address these two challenges.

This research, with the approach of panel data and generalized moment method, has estimated the effectof insurance penetration on entrepreneurial space in two groups of developing and developed selected countries during the period 2013-2018.

The results showed that the effectof insurance penetration on entrepreneurship in both groups of selected countries is positive and significant. Also, the effectof control variables including human capital, R&D, economic freedom, information and communication technology and financial development on the entrepreneurial environment in both groups of selected countries is positive and significant.

Increasing the share of insurance in the economy of selected countries has helped to improve the entrepreneurial environment. Therefore, increasing the insurance penetration rate as a way to develop the entrepreneurial environment should be considered by macroeconomic policymakers in selected countries. 

One methods to critique translation is its assessment in order to determine the quality of the translation including the patterns presented in this type of evaluation and critique based on the Garceschr('39')s evaluation model. This study intends to critique and evaluate the lexical selections of Hadad Adel, Moezzi, and Ansariyanchr('39')s translation in verses 29 and 30 of the holy Qurchr('39')a according to the proposed Graces model at semantic-lexical level and seeks to determine extent to which Haddad Adel, Moezzi, and Ansarianchr('39')s translations conform with the Garceschr('39')s modelboth lexically and semantically. The study is rather a descripive-analytic one in terms of design. The findings indicate that the translations of the translators can be critiqued and evaluated in terms components of Garce chr('39')s model in a way that the translations of each translator can be regarded as an explanation (explanatory and lexical explanation), or as plenty of parallels, parallelism, syntactic expansions, and the transmission of ambiguity. Verification of the correspondence of translations with the semantic-lexical level of the Graces model shows that the Ansarianchr('39')s translation in all of this level, except for the syntactic note, enjoys the highest level of correspondence with the semantic-lexical level, and secondly, the Hadad Adelchr('39')s translation is used moderately at this level. In such a way that all of these levels are observed in their translations. Finally, the Moezzichr('39')s translation due to its literal translation enjoys the highest match except for the syntactic note among other cases and the lowest level of applicability and utilization of the Garceschr('39')s model.

Death of a child can be the source of many problems for mothers. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of the spiritual-religious intervention on complicated grief disorder and the psychological hardiness of mothers suffering from this disorder.

The present quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all mothers with complicated grief disorder in 2019 in Karaj, Iran. This study was performed on 28 mothers who were selected through purposive sampling method and were divided randomly into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received spiritual-religious interventions while the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were collected through the inventory of complicated grief (ICG) and personal views survey questionnaire (PVSQ). Moreover, the collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 26) using the analysis of covariance.

The results showed that spiritual-religious intervention has a significant effect on the complicated grief disorder (F=31.96, P=0.001) and psychological hardiness (F=39.09, P=0.001).

According to the findings, a spiritual-religious intervention can reduce complicated grief disorder syndrome and increase the psychological hardiness of mothers suffering from this disorder. Therefore, it is suggested to offer spiritual-religious interventions in clinical settings for people with complicated grief disorder.

This research evaluates the conservation status of Lorestan newt to find new habitats and offers solutions for its protection. In this study, first by studying past researches and inquiring from local people and specialists, and then field visits and collecting information about the fauna and flora of the region and photographing, information about previous habitats as well as new habitats were obtained. Due to the dependence of Lorestan newt on rainfall, humidity, and temperature, changes in precipitation during a year and changes in temperature and humidity were studied, which could help explain the reason for the decline of Lorestan newt. Among the reasons for the decline of this species can be: a) natural threats such as floods, drought, prey, diseases, parasites, b) human threats such as financial abuse, decoration, illegal trade, unscientific research activities, tourists and mountaineers by creating noise pollution and habitat destruction, and adding detergents to water, and c) lack of applied research projects. In this study, 29 habitats were identified and surveyed. The area where the Lorestan newt is found starts from Tang Haft (Lorestan province) to Shahzade Ahmad (Khuzestan province). Habitats of Lorestan province include Tafo, Darreh Gol, Dolshali, Ab Anbar, Nargeseh or Zalazel, Kolchep Waterfall, Abkash, Choobeh, Ashk Ab, Lisaneh, Dol Nisar, Kresar, Moor Dastan, and Vejan Ab Waterfall. Habitats of Khuzestan province include Sargach, Leopard Valley, Karam Ab, Labsefid, Cheshmeh Zayd, Abshare Bozorg, Ab Zaleh, Ab Sardeh, Chenar Mengereh, Deh Sorkheh, Shahzade Ahmad, Haji Barikab, Kol Saad, and Tale Zang or Abshar Shui.  A new habitat has been identified in Haft Cheshmeh village of Poldakhtar city of Lorestan province, called Chalkel, which is located 5 km from Balmak wetland. Unlike waterfall habitats, this habitat has hot dry weather conditions.

The widespread approach of the Persian language scholars to the translation of the Holy Quran has gained a lot of vitality in recent decades, so that many critics succeeded in presenting the translated version of the critique, with this critique, translations of various texts of The Holy Qur'an examines the valuable works carefully and precisely, and in this way opens up a new chapter in Qur'anic research as a "Critique of Holy Quranic translations". Among these patterns is the proposed model of Carmen Grosses, Four levels are proposed. The present study intends to translate Hadad Adel, Moezi, and Ansarian by selecting from the 29th 30 Quran verses mentioned the model of relying on the Syntax-term construction, criticize and evaluate. For this purpose, firstly, the expression of the Garces model is explicitly dealt with and then the cases of the application of this theory. According to the witnesses, the examples extracted from the translators of sections 29 and 30, based on the syntactic term, are examined. The most important the findings of this research are descriptive-analytic and that according to the Garces model, the only one is the Moezi translation one by one, and that the translation of Ansariān and Haddad is ordinary only as an explanation and extension of meaning. In the remaining cases, each interpreter has gone through the pattern and, finally, the compensation item lacked a Quranic specimen.