فاطمه ولایتی

This study aimed to test the optimal theory of motor learning (triple use of autonomy support, enhanced expectancies, and external focus of attention) among teenage girls.

Among all adolescent girls in Najafabad, 32 girls aged 13-15 years were selected using a convenient method. Participants were randomly divided into optimal learning (OL) and control groups. Prior to the acquisition phase (5 blocks of 10 trials), participants in the OL group were allowed to choose their favorite balls (autonomy support). They also received instruction regarding maintaining focus on the path of the ball (external focus) before the sixth trial of every training block. Additionally, before the first and third blocks, the children in the OL group received relatively easy criteria for success (enhanced expectancies). The participants were asked to participate in retention and transfer tests two days after the acquisition phase. Independent T-test and mixed ANOVA were used to analyze the data.

The results revealed that the motor performance and learning of the OL group were higher than the control group.

The findings showed that the theory of optimal motor learning (using autonomy support, enhanced expectancies, and external focus of attention) is relatively acceptable and applicable among girls aged 13-15 years.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of competitive and non-competitive exercise environments on the acquisition and retention of basketball free throws (BFT) in female adolescents with high and low trait anxiety.

In this quasi-experimental study, 47 adolescent girls were divided into two groups based on their trait anxiety scores: high and low. They were then placed into two training groups, one in a competitive environment and the other in a non-competitive environment, based on their pre-test scores. Participants in the experimental groups underwent BFT training for 8 sessions. Pre-test, acquisition, and retention tests were administered before the intervention, during the exercise sessions, and after the last acquisition session, respectively. Data analysis involved the use of one-way ANOVA and repeated measures analysis of variance.

The results indicated that there was no significant difference in BFT performance between the groups during the acquisition and immediate retention phases. However, a significant difference was found between the groups in the delayed retention test. Specifically, training in a competitive environment led to better performance in participants with both high and low trait anxiety. The competitive environment had a stronger positive effect on participants with low trait anxiety, followed by those with high trait anxiety.

The training environment, rather than the level of trait anxiety, significantly influenced participants' performance in BFT. Both individuals with high and low trait anxiety performed better in a competitive training environment.

Use of an adhesive with a suitable composite resin is an important factor in tooth-colored restorations and increasing marginal sealing ability. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microleakage of various adhesives with composite resins using fluid filtration and dye extraction techniques and assessment of the correlation between these two techniques. In this in vitro study, class II cavities were prepared on the proximal surfaces of 48 extracted sound human premolar teeth, measuring 1.5±0.5 mm in gingival width, 4 mm in occluso-gingival height and 1/3 of the inter-cuspal distance in width. The samples were divided into four groups (n=12). Group 1; OptiBond Solo Plus adhesive/Herculite XRV composite resin; Group 2: OptiBond Solo Plus adhesive/Master Dent composite resin; Group 3: Prime & Bond NT adhesive/Herculite XRV composite resin; Group 4: Prime & Bond NT adhesive/Master Dent composite resin. Microleakage was assessed primarily by fluid filtration and then by dye extraction techniques. Data were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, with Bonferroni correction and Spearman's rho correlation test at 95% confidence interval. The minimum and maximum mean microleakage values were recorded in fluid filtration and dye extraction techniques groups 1 and 4, respectively. There were significant differences between the experimental groups in microleakage with the two methods of leakage assessment (p value = 0.001). Spearman's rho revealed a strongly direct correlation between the two methods (r = 0.797, p value = 0.000). In both methods of microleakage assessment, use of ethanol-based in comparison to acetone-based adhesive resulted in microleakage reduction. Application of light-cured composite resin contrary to self-cured composite resin with both types of adhesives increased marginal sealing ability.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of regular corrective training program on lumbar Lordosis of girl students. Of the 200 girl students with hyperlordosis studied, 30 were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=15) or a control group (n=15).Main test instruments was include of flexible ruler, posture screen, sit and reach box and stopwatch. Corrective training program include stretch and strength training for eight weeks duration. Dedendent and independent t - test was used for Statistical analysis of data. Findings of this study showed that lumbar lordosis in experimental group significantly decreased. In addition, strength and endurance of abdominal muscles and flexibility of back muscle increased significantly, but changes in lateral range of trunk motion and flexibility of abdominal muscle was not significant. In other hand in post-test there was a significant difference between degrees of lumbar lordosis and endurance of abdominal muscles of experimental and control groups (p≤0.05). Findings of this study revealed that corrective training program could be one of valid methods for treatment of lumbar lordosis and will help to prevent various physical problems such as low back pain.