فاطمه پرنیان

 

The use of medical herbs because of their reasonable price and availability is rapidly increasing but it faces many challenges. Researchers are trying to overcome these challenges by designing nano-drug delivery carriers such as liposome. In this study, a formulation of liposomal system containing Hedera Helix extract was synthesized and its toxicity on normal cells and physicochemical characteristics were evaluated.

  In the first step, extraction of Hedera Helix was done by succulent method. In the next step, nano-liposomes were prepared by thin film method from phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol and by using hydration inactive method the extract was loaded into them. Then the encapsulation rate and the release pattern were assayed by spectrophotometry method, the size of nanoparticles and their zeta potential were evaluated by the DLS, the non-interaction between the extract and the nanosystem was assessed by FT-IR technique and the morphology of the nanoparticles was examined by AFM microscope and finally the non-toxicity of the system on normal cells was assayed by MTT method.

The results of this study showed that nano-liposomes containing Hedera Helix extract having 48.6 nm of diameter, 0.406 dispersion index, -37.3 ± 1.72 mV zeta potential and 82.67 ± 1.12 encapsulation efficiency are follow the slow releasing drug pattern. FTIR and AFM data demonstrated that there is no interaction between the extract and nanoliposomes and nanoliposomes have appropriate morphology. Finally, the results of the MTT assay confirmed the non-toxicity activity of nano-liposome.

In this study, physicochemical studies of nanosystems after loading Hedera Helix extract into liposomal nanosystems showed that the system is a slow-release and anionic type with acceptable size, morphology and acceptable encapsulation rate. The synthesized liposomes could be a suitable carrier for the Hedera Helix extract and increase its stability, solubility and thus improve its therapeutic performance.

The use of medical herbs and their extracts because of their low side effects is increasing all over the world. Glycrrizha glabra is one of these plants with proven therapeutic effects, but conventional prescribing of them faces challenges. Using of drug delivery nanocarriers such as Niosome is one of the new strategies to overcome these challenges. The aim of this study was to synthesis and charactrization of nano niosomal system containing Glycrrizha glabra extract in order to improve its therapeutic effects.

Nanoniosome were synthesized using Tween-60 (70%) and cholesterol (30%) by thin film method and by using inactive method, Glycrrizha glabra extract was loaded into them. Their physico-chemical features were assayed by Zeta sizer, AFM and FTIR and at last the release rate of extract and toxicity of Nanoniosome on normal cells were assayed.

Data showed that the synthesized nanoniosomes are anionic with -21.2± 1.64 mV zeta potential, size of 90.7± 3.6 nm, dispersion index of 0.53 and 55.36% encapsulation efficiency. The nanoniosmal system presented slow and controlled release of the extract. AFM and FTIR analysis demonstrated that nanoparticles have appropriate morphology and the system does not interact with the extract. The results of MTT assay also approved that the system has not toxicity effects on normal cells.

The results indicated that synthesized nanosiosome vesicles because of their appropriate features, could be good carrier for delivering of Glycrrizha glabra extract and thus improve its therapeutic effects.

Niosome is a lipid carrier that can resolves some of the challenges facing the delivery of herbal medicines to tissues. The aim of the present study is to fabricate and evaluate the physiochemical properties of niosomal carriers containing Hedera helix extracts and evaluation of its toxicity to the HT29 cell line of colon cancer.

Two niosomal formulations F0 (30% cholesterol and 70% tween60) and F1 (30% cholesterol and 70% spin60) containing extract of Hedera hilix were made using the thin film method. Then, according to the amount of drug loading, one of the formulations was selected. The pattern of drug release under normal and cancerous cell conditions, size and surface charge of the nanoparticles (using DLS) and the appearance of the nanoparticles (using SEM) of the selected formulation were investigated. Finally, the toxicity of the niosomal system containing extracts and free extracts on HT29 cell line was evaluated by MTT assay and niosomal system entry into HT29 cells was evaluated by system and cell staining.

Extract loading percentage, size and zeta potential for the selected formulation (F1) containing the extract were 95/43±2/43%, 132/5nm and -41/47±2/69mV, respectively. Release of the extract from the niosomal system is slow within 48 hours in normal and cancerous cell conditions. The appearance of the nanoparticles was smooth and spherical and extract niosomal had more toxicity to HT29 cell line colon cancer than free extract.

The niosomal formulation of this study can be recommended for further research in colon cancer with respect to its physicochemical properties.

Present research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training based on forgiveness on resilience and marital burnout of patients with multiple sclerosis. This study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research statistical population was all women with multiple sclerosis, member of the association for the support of multiple sclerosis patients of Tehran city in 2017 year. Totally 30 people selected through available sampling method and randomly assigned to two equal groups (each group 15 people). The experimental group trained 8 sessions of 90 minutes undergoing the forgiveness training. Groups completed the questionnaires of resilience (Connor & Davidson, 2003) and marital burnout (Pines, 1996) in the pre-test and post-test stages. Data was analyzed with multivariate analysis of covariance method. The findings showed that training based on forgiveness was effective on forgiveness on resilience and marital burnout of women with multiple sclerosis. In the other words training based on forgiveness led to increase resilience and decrease marital burnout of women with multiple sclerosis (P<0/05). As a result, training based on forgiveness is an effective method to improve the resilience and marital burnout of women with multiple sclerosis.