فهرست مطالب فرخنده نعمتی

Antibiotic treatment is used to reduce the bioburden of wounds. Medicinal plants can be an alternative method for wound treatment. This study aims to investigate the effects of Myrtus communis (Mord) leaf extract combined with olive oil on the wound healing process and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) genes in BALB/c mice.

The Mord leaf extract was mixed with olive oil in a volume ratio of 1:1. Thirty-six  BALB/c male mice were divided into three groups of 12, including control, saline, and experimental. Then a 1×1 cm incision was made in their skin. On days 5, 10, 15, four mice from each group were randomly sacrificed and their skin samples were collected from the wound site. The real-time PCR method was used to measure the expression of four genes in the wound site. Statistical analysis was done by the analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The Mord leaf extract combined with olive oil increased the expression of VEGF, EGF, FGF-1, and IGF-1 genes (P<0.05). The effect was higher on the 15th day of the experiment.

The increase in the expression of VEGF, EGF, FGF-1, and IGF-1 genes due to the treatment using the combination of Mord leaf extract and olive oil can accelerate the wound healing process.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer in terms of incidence and the second most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of CTGF and MLH1 gene in colorectal cancer tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues in patients in Golestan province.

In this experimental study, 20 colorectal cancer tissue samples and 20 adjacent healthy tissue samples were collected from Sayad Shirazi Hospital Research Center, Gorgan. After RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis and primer design, the expresion of CTGF and MLH1 genes were measured by Real Time PCR. Statistical analysis of data was done in Graphpad Prism software.

According to findings, increase was seen in the CTGF gene expression level in tumor tissue to the adjacent healthy tissue (P<0.05), while the ratio of the MLH1 gene expression in the tumor tissue to the adjacent healthy tissue decreased (P<0.05).

This study showed that increased expression levels of CTGF gene and decreased expression levels of MLH1 gene play roles in colorectal cancer.

About 50% of infertility in couples is related to male factors and oxidative stress is one of the main causes of infertility in men. Hydrogen peroxide has an adverse effect on male reproductive system due to its free radicals. Spirulina and phycocyanin are known to have antioxidant properties and can modify stressors.

In this experimental study, 36 adult male rats were randomly divided into six groups to receive the following: water and normal food, phycocyanin solution (300 mg/kg), spirulina (500 mg/kg), hydrogen peroxide solution (0.5%), hydrogen peroxide in drinking water (0.5%) + phycocyanin (300 mg/kg), and hydrogen peroxide in drinking water (0.5%) + spirulina (500 mg/kg). Weighing and dissection of testicles were performed for histological study and sperm evaluation.

Hydrogen peroxide had negative effects on testicular tissue, leading to significant decrease in sperm count, sperm motility, and sperm morphology compared with the control group (P<0.05). But, phycocyanin and spirulina algae improved the function of testicular tissue, by which improvement in sperm motility, morphology, and mortality was observed. In all parameters, the protective effect of phycocyanin on testicular tissue was better than spirulina. The group that received phycocyanin + hydrogen peroxide, showed no significant difference in the number of sperm and number of testicular cells when compared with the control group (P<0.05).

Phycocyanin and spirulina algae reduce the harmful effects of hydrogen peroxide on reproductive system of rats by improving some factors in testicle structure and semen parameters.

Mord (Myrtus communis) is a plant with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Ointment of ethanolic extract of the leaves of the mord was prepared in olive oil in a ratio of 1: 1. Wounds developed in the full thickness of the skin in the dorsal region of the mice. The mice were then divided into control and experimental groups. The control group did not receive any treatment and the experimental group, which included the group receiving the combination of mord leaf extract and olive oil and the group receiving 1% silver sulfadiazine cream, were treated once a day. Finally, the percentage of recovery, average skin thickness, diameter of hair follicles, collagen formation, and angiogenesis were examined on the fifth, tenth, and fifteenth days. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA test using SPSS software version 22. The results showed that the treatment with the combination of ethanolic extract of mord leaf and olive oil led to a significant increase in wound healing percentage, skin thickness, hair follicle diameter, compared to 1% silver sulfadiazine cream. There was also an increase in collagen formation and angiogenesis. These results have been a reason for accelerating the wound healing process in the samples treated with a combination of mord extract and olive oil. The results of this study showed that the use of mord leaf extract and olive oil accelerates the transition from the inflammatory stage to the stage of fibroblast hyperplasia due to the increase in collagen synthesis and blood vessels in this stage.

Methadone is a substance that is widely used in the substitution treatment of opiate addiction. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of melatonin on apoptosis induced by transfer of transplacental methadone in mice.

This study was an experimental study aimed to assay apoptotic effect of placenta transferred methadone on brain, liver and kidney tissues and to study protective effect of melatonin in an embryo model in mice.  Bulb-C mice weighing 25-30 g were kept in four shelves (3 females and one male) and checked daily for the sterile cycle. For mice with vaginal plugs, the first day of pregnancy was considered. After confirmation of pregnancy, female mice were divided into 5 groups of 6, which included the control group, methadone (10 mg / kg) and melatonin groups in three doses (2, 4, 6 mg / kg / day) by IP injection for half an hour before prescribing methadone. This prescription was given for 10 days from the beginning of pregnancy. After the infants were born, their liver, brain, and kidneys were removed and they underwent immunohistochemical tests for apoptotic expression of Bcl2, BAX, and Caspase3 proteins. The results were analyzed by SPSS version 22 statistical software and Chi-square (Chi 2) and Fisher tests (P <0.01).

This study showed that melatonin at dose 4 and 6mg/kg has decreased apoptotic protein BAX and Caspase9 and increased anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl2 expression approximately, but these results were not significant statistically (P>0.05). In addition, for dose of 0.2 mg/kg of melatonin, there was not any apoptotic effect.

Our findings showed that melatonin has almost a protective effect against apoptotic effect induced by placental transfer of methadone especially via its increasing effects on Bcl2, but this anti-apoptotic effect was not significant and needed for more precise studies.

In the last few decades, research has been focused on the use of natural products for cancer therapy, such as crude plant extracts or some of different plant secondary metabolits. The objective of this study was to examine the invitro cytotoxic activities of crude ethanolic extract of leaf and flower buds of Crataegus melanocarpa, on human MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines, with different concentrations, by Dye exclusion and Micro culture tetrazolium test (MTT) assay. The optical density (OD) colored solution was quantified at 570 nm wavelengths by an ELISA Reader, after 24, 48 and 72 h incubation. The results showed that ethanolic extracts, after 48h incubation, at in 5 and 10 mg/ml suppressed the proliferation of cancerous MCF-7 cells by significant diffrence with control group (p

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is one of the key enzymes in the metabolism of folate, and the mutation of C677T leads to reduction of MTHFR enzyme activity and increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between C677T polymorphism in MTHFR gene and some non-genetic factors and varicose veins. In this case-control study, 80 patients with varicose veins and 150 healthy subjects were studied. After extraction of DNA from peripheral blood, genotyping was performed by PCR-RFLP. Demographic data such as family history, sex, age, weight, work duration, defecation status, exercise, blood pressure, cigarette smoking were also recorded. Logistic regression method was used to investigate the association between varicose veins disease and C677T genotypes and other recorded variables. Genotype frequencies of C677T in MTHFR gene in patients and control groups was not significantly different (p>0.05). The frequency of mutant allele in two groups was equal to 19%. The association between C577T genotype and varicose veins was not significant (p>0.05), however family history, weight, work duration and constipation was related to varicose veins (p<0.05). There was no association between varicose veins and exercise, age, blood pressure, sex and cigarette smoking (p>0.05). The polymorphism of C677T in MTHFR gene was not a determinant factor of the varicose veins disease in Mazandaran population.

Cancer is the second cause of death in the world. Current therapies for treating cancer are often restricted by short-term efficacy, even lead to the drug resistance. There has been increased interest in the use of natural compounds with chemotherapeutic effects for treatment of cancer. In this study, the effects of different concentrations of ethanolic extract of Enteromorpha clatherata, on human breast cancer cell (MCF-7) and cervix cancer cells (Hela) were investigated. Cell were produced in Pasteur Institute and were cultured under controlled conditions with RPMI containing 10% FBS and penicillin streptomycin in cell culture flasks, the cells were transferred to 96 well plates with 10.000 cells. Cells were exposed to different concentrations of extracts (0.156, 0.312, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg/ml) that had been dissolved in RPMI with FBS. Cells cultured with all conditions without the presence of the drug as a control for 72 hours and cell toxicity was assessed with the MTT assay after 72 hours. The result of this study showed that ethanolic extract of Enteromorpha clatherata on both Hela cell and MCF-7 in 0.625 mg/ml concentration consistency reduces the growth of cells significantly in comparison to control group. This extract possesses cytotoxic effects in 0.156, 0.312, 1.25 concentrations and inhibit the growth of cells to 48 %, 66 % and 66 % in Hela and to 56 %, 65% and 70 % in MCF-7 MCF-7 in 0.625 mg/ml. The IC50 is 0.17 mg/ml in Hela and 0.19 mg/ml MCF-7 respectively. The results show that ethanolic extract of Enteromorpha clatherata caused the growth inhibition of cancer cells in Hela and MCF-7.

The discovery of new materials such as anti-microbial and anti-viral and anti-cancer known among plants or those who have recently been discovered can help to treat diseases. In this study, the cytotoxic effect of plant extracts Ammi visnaga extract on Hela and MCF7 cell lines were analyzed. Different concentrations of ethanolic extract of the Ammi visnaga on cultured blood cells and cancer cell line for 72 hours were examined. The cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT test. Results are reported as IC50. This study showed that different concentrations of Ammi visnaga extract have cytotoxic effect on Hela and MCF7 cell lines. The percentage of growth inhibition of Hela and MCF7 cells increasing whit whit increasing concentration of test compounds. IC50 value for Hela was 0.57 mg /ml, and for MCF7 was 2mg/ml. The results suggest that ethanolic extract of Ammi visnaga has inhibitory effect on cell growth of MCF7 and Hela cell lines.

In vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes, providing oocytes maturation out of normal conditions, is an appropriate infertility treatment system, though the clinical use of IVM is limited due to low rate of success. Accordingly, this study aimed to analyze the effect of fibroblast growth factor on in vitro maturation of immature oocytes.

Immature oocytes of 20 female mice of NMRI strain aged 8-10 weeks were obtained 46-48 hours after intraperitoneal injection of 10 units of Pregnant Mare`s Serum Gonadotrophin (PMSG). The oocytes were treated within Modified Essential Medium (MEM-α) supplemented with 0 ng/ml, 10 ng/ml, 20 ng/ml and 40 ng/ml doses of fibroblast growth factor respectively. After 24 hours, Oocyte maturation stage was scrutinized by an invert microscope and its growth rate was analyzed via SPSS software utilizing ANOVA test.

The resumption percentage of meiosis was reported as 23 in the first control group, while it was 25.7, 26.2, 27.3 % respectively for the second, third and fourth experimental groups; thus, no significant differences was observed among control groups and experimental groups. Yet in vitro maturation of the control group, a significant difference was observed compared to those of the second and third experimental groups (p<0.01). In fact, the rate of vitro metaphase matured oocytes were reported as 45, 60.8, 62.6 and 45.2 % respectively in the control group and the second, third, and fourth experimental groups.

The obtained results of study illustrated that 10 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml concentrations of fibroblast growth factor have a major impact on resumption of meiosis, nucleus break down and extrusion of the first polar body, whereas the effect of 40 mg/ml concentration on improvement of oocyte maturation was trivial.

Abstract Cancer prevention and treatment by medicinal plants for a long was is one of the most challenging areas of research. Among them، some plants species could suppress or kill tumor cells via apoptosis or necrosis. One of these plants is Astragalus. The purpose of this study was investigating the anti-cancer effects of this plant. The cancer cell lines obtained from Pasteur Institute of Iran. The cells were cultured in RPMI 1640. Then the cells have effected from the presence of various concentrations (0. 156، 0. 312، 0. 625، 1. 25، 2. 5، 5، 7. 5 and 10 mg/ml) of Astragalus cystosus. After 72 hours the rate of cytotoxicity was determined by using MTT test. These statistical analyses carried out with a significant level of 0. 05 and t-test with excel software. These findings indicate that the extract of Astragalus cystosus on Hela cancer cell lines had cytotoxicity in all concentrations and the highest inhibition was 7. 5 and 10 mg/ml concentrations. The rate of inhibition in higher concentrations such as 10mg/m1 was equal to 28. 98% which is the highest one. Regarding that the extract of Astragalus cystosus had cytotoxicity on hela cancer cells، further studies can be performed on animal model and clinical trial so that Astragalus used as an anticancer drug.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Myrtus communis extract in 10, 7.5, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.312, 0.156 mg/ml concentration on Hela and MCF7 cell lines after 72 h using the MTT assay. Hela and MCF7 cells were cultured in RPMI1640 medium containing fetal bovine serum, penicillin and streptomycin and incubated at 37 ° C atmosphere containing 5% CO2 and 95% humidity in sterile flasks. Results show that ethanolic extract of M. communis in 1.25 mg/ml (p ≤ 0.05), and 0.312, 0.156 (p ≤ 0.02) concentration, was significantly reduced Hela cell growth compared to control, after 72 h. The highest percentage of growth inhibition at 0.625 mg/ml concentration was % 82.33. For MCF7 cells, ethanolic extract of M. communis in 2.5, 1.25, 0/312 mg/ml (p≤ 0/02) and 0.625 (p≤ 0/001) concentration was significantly reduced MCF7 cell growth compared to control, after 72 h. The highest percentage of growth inhibition at 1.25 mg/ml concentration was 70.64 %. The results suggest that ethanolic extract of M. communis has inhibitory effects on cell growth both on Hela and MCF7 cell line.

Breast cancer is the second most pervasive cancer among women. Breast cancer is a worldwide epidemiological problem which the current remedies cannot heal it effectively and has unwanted side effects. Therefore, attempt to produce more effective medicine with less toxicity is essential. Ferula gummosa is anti-cancer, anti-spasm, anti-paroxysm, antiseptic and laxative and it is tonic for stomach, reconstructs surface scars, and causes more milk producing in breasts. Since, its anti-tumorous effects have not been studied on the breast cells; the cellular toxicity effect of its ethanolic extract was investigated in this study. To investigate the preventing effects of F. gummosa ethanolic extract on cellular growth, we have used the MCF7 (Human Caucasian breast adenocarcinoma) cell line which has been cultivated in RPMI environment containing cow's embryo serum and antibiotic. Then we treated these cells in different concentrations of F. gummosa ethanolic extract (0.165, 0.312, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg/ml) for 72 hours. The amount of cell viability was determined by MTT method. Ethanol extract of F. gummosa has a significant cellular toxicity effect on the MCF7 cell line in 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg/ml densities after 72 hours compare with control group, and the calculated IC50 for F. gummosa extract was 1.765 mg/ml. The results suggest that ethanol extract of F. gummosa has preventing effect on the cellular growth of MCF7 cellular class.

Todaymany of the treatment methods are used to treat cancer. Unfortunately, in most cases very poor response is often associated with undesirable side effects. AlphaLack ofresponse to treatment and the rapid growth of the disease, has been made researchers to achieve more effective drugs with fewer side effects. In this study the effect of ethanolic extraction of theBishop's Flower, Ammi majus on the cancer cell lines Hela and MCF-7 were examined. Cells were cultured in cell culture flasks then transferred to 96 well plates with 10,000 cells. Cells were exposed to different concentrations of Ammi majus. The cytotoxicity of Ammi majus was assessed using the MTT assay after 72 hours. The results of this study showed that ethanolic extract of Ammi majus on Hela cells was significantly reduced the cells grow compared with controls after 72 h. The calculated IC50, was 1/922 mg / ml. The cytotoxicity effect this extract on MCF7 showed that Ammi majus was significantly reduced the MCF7 cells grow compared with controls after 72 h. The calculated IC50, was 10 mg / ml. The effect of this extracts on normal cells (lymphocytes and monocytes in blood) is granted, the results show that the concentration of 10 mg / ml extracts had no effect on normal cells. The results suggest that ethanolic extract of the plant Ammi majus inhibits growth of cancer cells MCF7 and Hela.