فهرست مطالب فرزانه میرزائی

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the experimental science curriculum of eighth grade, which was done by using Eisner's method of educational expertise and criticism. The data of this research was obtained through 12 sessions of physical observation of the school environment and experimental science classrooms and interviews with teachers, managers and students in one of the schools of Isfahan province in the academic year 1400-1401, as well as reference sources such as the experimental science curriculum guide, the national curriculum document and teaching guides for teachers have been compiled and described, interpreted and evaluated.The findings of this research show that the architecture and physical space of the studied school is not attractive enough, also, although the science lesson is important as a main lesson, but for teaching this lesson, more attention is paid to traditional methods and less emphasis is placed on operational and new methods. In addition, the school does not have enough facilities and equipment, including a suitable laboratory for effective science education, so paying attention to modern and new teaching methods, providing the necessary facilities and equipment, and paying attention to the characteristics and individual needs of the learners is an important factor that should be considered. be noted According to the findings, it can be concluded that experimental science classes as an important intellectual capacity that can be developed, require the existence of educational foundations and prerequisites.

Specialized training is the most crucial turning point of education in obtaining the professions related to medical sciences. Peer learning has advantages, including saving time and eliminating the limitations of traditional education. The purpose of current educational program during the COVID19 pandemic was to reduce students’ stress and more accepted in the parasitology PhD exam.

Faculty members and MsC Students in the Department of Medical Parasitology, Yazd medical university, performed the present developmental study based on the reference books and curriculum. First, a training virtual platform was designe using a topic, picture, video of a parasite or parasitic diseases between the learners under the supervision of all the scientific members. Learners designed questions and their answers for each title in the virtual platform. In the end, to help the students to participate in the PhD exam, two virtual pre-exams were also designed. Finally, the satisfaction level of faculty members and students, as wll as their stress level's was evaluate using Excel software.

Of 25 student participants, six succeeded in the first stage and finally, three of them were accepted in the second stage of the parasitology Ph.D. exam in the 2021-2022 academic years. Implementation of this peer learning method was also effective in reducing the stress level of students in the Ph.D. exam.

Considering the success of the peer learning program using virtual learning in current study and more passing in the Ph.D. exam, it suggests that this plan will be implemented in other educational groups with postgraduate education.

In this study, porous catalysts based on CuO were synthesized using templates of 3D cubic mesoporous silica-type (KIT-6) and copper nitrate as CuO source via nanocasting strategy and nitrate combustion method. Silica templates with a carbon layer on inner structure (KIT-6@C) or deposited on graphene sheets (KIT06@C/G) were prepared through calecination and carbonization of primery surfactans amd graphen oxides in inert atmosphere. The morphology, elemental analysis and structural properties of the templates and catalysts were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scaning electron and transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption–desorption (BET) techniques. The findings indicated that the cubic structure formed in templates and the resulting catalysts have monoclinic crystalline structure and pure of CuO and to some extent, have negative replica structures of cubic silica template. The results of BET for m-CuO@C/G showed that the catalyst has porous structure with some disordered regions, which constructes from meso and macro pores with specific surface area 50.0 m2 g-1 and averaged pores size 4.8 nm. The catalytic activity of m-CuO@C/G towards thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) was investigated by technique of differential scanning calorimetry. With the addition of 2 and 5 wt% of m-CuO@C/G catalyst, the temperature of high decomposition temperature of AP was reduced by 82.6 and 88.5 °C, and the values of their specific heat releases for AP decomposition were increased 2 (820 J g-1) and 2.5 (1085 J g-1) folds of that for pure AP, respectively.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one of the common diseases between humans and animals that is considered as a health problem in Iran and many countries around the world. At present, glucantime is used to treat cutaneous leishmaniasis. Due to its high side effects and resistance, the use of alternative therapies, especially the use of plants and natural compounds, has been considered by researchers. The aim of this study was to investigate the antileishmania activity of methanolic extract of dandelion root (Taraxacum officinale) on Leishmania major in vitro.

In this experimental study, the extract was prepared by Soxhlet method and to evaluate the effect of methanolic extract of dandelion root on L. major parasite at concentrations of 300-1200 mg / ml. Glucantime was considered as positive control and distilled water was considered as negative control. Then, 106 live parasites were added to all tubes and all groups were kept at 25 ±1 °C. At 24, 48 and 72 hours, the number of live parasites was counted by Trypan Blue using a neobar slide and light microscope (Hemocytometer method). Then the IC50 value for the above extract was calculated using SigmaPlot™ 13 software. It should be noted that all steps of the experiment were done triplicate and the results were considered as average.

The IC50 content of methanolic extract of dandelion root after 24, 48 and 72 hours on L. major was calculated to be 1.04, 0.9 and 0.68 mg / ml. The highest mortality (100%) was observed at a concentration of 1200 μg / ml after 72 hours of exposure.

Methanolic extract of dandelion root in different concentrations has an inhibitory effect on the growth of L. major and it is suggested that more and more complete studies be performed on the components of this plant and the lethal effect of the parasite in vivo.

Annually, a large part of the world population is infected with trichomoniasis. On the other hand, the common medicines used to treat this disease can have many side effects. The aim of the present study was to construct a liposomal system containing essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi and investigate its physicochemical properties to combat trichomoniasis infection.

Liposomal vesicles were prepared using phosphatidylcholine (70%) and cholesterol (30%) by thin film method. In addition, the essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi was loaded into liposomes and the encapsulation efficiency of essential oil was calculated. Then, the size, surface charge and particle morphology of this system were investigated using Zeta Sizer and Atomic Force Microscopy and pattern of essential oil release was evaluated at 35 oC and pH = 6 for 24 h.

Liposomal vesicles containing essential oil had a size of 110.1 nm, 40.12±2.71% essential oil loading, and zeta potential of -9 mV. The liposomal system is controlled release and releases all essential oils within 24 hours. Atomic force microscopy also confirmed the formation of liposomes and appropriate particle morphology.

In the present study, the liposomal system containing the essential oil of Trachyspermum ammi had a relatively high loading percentage and surface charge verification confirmed that the nano-carrier is anionic. Thus, given the slow and complete release of the essential oil within 24 hours, this liposomal nano-carrier can be a suitable carrier for delivering the essential oil to Trichomoniasis parasite.

Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellate protozoan that is the most common sexually parasitic transmitted infection in the world. Metronidazole is currently used for the treatment of trichomoniasis, which has side effects. In recent years, the use of plants and natural compounds has been considered by researchers. This study was conducted to investigate the anti-trichomonal activity of methanolic extract of Hyssopus officinalis on Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro.
 

In this experimental study, the extract was prepared by Soxhlet method, and to evaluate the effect of methanolic extract of Hyssopus officinalis on Trichomonas vaginalis parasites, the concentrations of 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, 1,000, 1,200, and 1,400 μg/ml was prepared. Metronidazole and distilled water were considered as positive and negative controls, respectively. Afterward, 105 live parasites were added to all tubes, and all groups were kept at 37°C. Live parasites were counted at 24, 48, and 72 h intervals by Trypan Blue using a neobar slide and light microscope (Hemocytometer). Subsequently, the IC50 value for the above extract was calculated using SigmaPlot ™ software (version 13). It should be noted that all steps of the experiment were performed in triplicate and the results were considered as average.
 

The IC50 of methanolic extract of Hyssopus officinalis on Trichomonas vaginalis parasite was calculated at 965.8, 730.4, and 542.1 μg/ml after 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. The highest mortality rate (100%) was observed at a concentration of 1,400 μg/ml after 72 h of exposure.
 

Methanolic extract of Hyssopus officinalis in different concentrations had an inhibitory effect on the growth of the Trichomonas vaginalis parasite. Further and more comprehensive studies are suggested to investigate the constituents of this plant and the lethal effect of the parasite in vivo conditions.