فرشاد شیخ اکبری

Since low adjustment is one of the main problems prisoners struggling with and considered to be one of the reasons for their tendency toward dangerous behaviors, this study was aimed at investigating the effect of desensitization by eye movements and reprocessing on enhancement of social, affective and health adjustment of prisoners. Method of study: This study was designed based on experimental method and by pretest and posttest model with control group. A sample of 40 individuals was taken (based on the type of their crimes) from prisoners in Ardebil's central jail with jail sentences as long as 4 months using stratified random sampling method. Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Bel adjustment questionnaire were used to collect data which was completed in both pretest and posttest by experimental and control groups. Treatment of desensitization with eye movements and reprocessing was conducted during four sessions on experimental group and during which control group was not involved. Data was analyzed using covariance analysis test. the results from this investigation indicated that the average grades for social, affective and health adjustment in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.001). treatment of desensitization by eye movements and reprocessing were effective on enhancing the adjustment of male prisoners. Therefore jail's psychologists can play a substantial role in enhancement of the adjustment of these people by teaching this short term treatment method and implementing it on sentenced people upon their entrance to jail.

Mental disorders difficultly are detected because not associated with physical defects. When disorders have signs and symptoms are very similar, the problem is much. The main goal of this study was survey of comparisonof memory writing style in patients with disorders, schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar mood. Research methods of this study were after the events, the type of case-control on 60 patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar mood of Fatemi and Eisar hospital in Ardabil city in 2008. Participants were chosen with sampling available method. Data were collected using clinical interview questionnaire and symptoms of positive and negative questionnaire (PANSS). For data analysis variance methods was used. Findings showed that the average age of patients was 68.07±10.36 years. There was no difference between groups from education level, marital status, occupation and age. Difference between groups was significant of the number of days hospitalization (P<0.01). Patients memories of bipolar mood was variation than other groups (schizoaffective, schizophrenia) that there is statistically significant (P<0.01). Schizophrenia patients in comparison with other two groups were higher writing irregularities that there is statistically significant (P<0.01). Schizophrenia patients in comparison with other two groups were lower average number of emotional words that there is statistically significant (P<0.01). The results showed the average number of memories emotional words in schizophrenia patients less than schizoaffective and bipolar mood patients, and schizoaffective patients less than bipolar mood patients. Also manner of writing, schizophrenia patients were higher writing irregularities compare with schizoaffective and bipolar mood patients and this writing irregularities schizoaffective patients more than bipolar mood patients.

Exact diagnosis of mental disorder is important in psychology. With respect to common symptoms in schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar mood, correct diagnosis of these disorders seems to be very difficult. The main goal of this study was to compare the body temperature of schizophrenic, schizoaffective and bipolar mood patients. In this descriptive study, 60 schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar mood patients, 20 persons in each group were selected. The patients were interviewed and their body temperature was measured. Finally, the data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Schizophrenia, schizoaffective, bipolar mood patients had 38.15 ±11.13, 34.8±10.99, and 35.25 ± 9.05 years as a mean, respectively. About 63.3% of individuals had secondary, 15% high school, 16.7% diploma and 5% undergraduate education. About 51.7% of patients had non-governmental job, 8.3% and 40% were employed and jobless, respectively. Among them 45% were single and the rest married. 15% of individuals were admitted once, 25%, twice, 3.3% three times, 20% between 4-10 times and 41.7% frequently. Statistically, there was significant difference between the mean of body temperature in schizophrenia, schizoaffective and bipolar mood patients, (p < 0.001). The difference between the body temperature mean in three groups of patients showed that schizoaffective patients were more close to bipolar mood patients, and schizophrenia patients differ in terms of base keeping mean and body temperature balance from two other groups (schizoaffective and bipolar mood).