فرشته عبادالهیان

The requirement to achieve national development is to improve the level of capabilities of rural communities in the economic sector. In this regard, it is considered necessary to evaluate the existing policies for the economic development of rural communities. For this purpose, the current research was written with the aim of evaluating the impact of government policies on the economic development of the villages of Astara County, with an emphasis on the fourth and fifth development plans. The research method in the present research is mixed (quantitative-qualitative) with practical purpose and analytical-exploratory nature. The statistical population of the research also includes managers, officials and experts on rural issues in Gilan province and Astara county, and using Cohen's formula at the 95% confidence level, 70 people have been determined as the sample size. Also, in line with data analysis were used one-sample t-tests and linear and logarithmic regression in SPSS software. The findings of the research show that the level of employment during the fourth and fifth development plans in the villages of Astara County had an upward trend, although with a slow slope. Also, commercial-industrial centers under the support of the Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization have experienced a growth of 26.56 percent during the fourth plan and a significant growth of 155.7 percent during the fifth development plan. Rural food industries also increased by 87.5 percent during the fourth period of development, which shows a growing trend during the fifth development plan as well, but with a lower slope. On the other hand, the examination of 5 major policies during each of the 4th and 5th plans shows that the influence of the 5th plan on the economic development of the villages of Astara was much greater.

In Iran, the highest documents in the field of development policies of different regions and especially villages are related to 5-year economic, social and cultural development plans. In this regard, evaluating the impact of these development programs in realizing the development of rural areas can determine the role of government policy in the development of villages. For this purpose, the current research was written with the aim of evaluating the impact of government policies on the social and cultural development of the villages of Astara County, with an emphasis on the fourth, fifth and sixthdevelopment plans. The research method in the present research is mixed (quantitative-qualitative) with practical purpose and analytical-exploratory nature. The statistical population of the research also includes managers, officials and experts on rural issues in Gilan province and Astara county, and using Cohen's formula at the 95% confidence level, 70 people have been determined as the sample size. Also, in line with data analysis were used one-sample t-tests and two-sample t-tests in SPSS software. The findings of the research show that during the fourth and fifth plans, the rural literacy rate increased from 1.74 to 14.72 percent, the number of villages with health and treatment centers per 10,000 rural population increased from -1.05 to 6.86. Secondary schools have increased from 2 to 4 and the number of villages with libraries has also increased from -2 to 2 percent. Also, at the end of the 6th plan, we see slight changes in the investigated indicators compared to the 5th plan. In general, the effectiveness of the investigated development programs, especially the fifth program, can be evaluated positively in the socio-cultural development of the villages of Astara.

Housing is considered as one of the most important elements of human settlements, especially in rural areas. However, providing suitable housing is one of the major challenges in rural areas due to the low financial power of villagers and the vulnerability of housing to natural disasters. For this purpose, the policy makers in the form of development programs specify credits for the retrofitting of houses to be provided to the residents of the villages through executive bodies. In Iran, the highest documents in the field of development policies of different regions and especially villages are related to 5-year economic, social and cultural development plans. In this regard, evaluating the extent and manner of the impact of these development plans in rural areas can determine the role of government policy in the development of villages. For this purpose, the current research was written with the aim of evaluating the impact of government policies on the architecture of the houses in the villages of Astara county, with an emphasis on the fourth and fifth development plans. The research method in the present research is qualitative with a descriptive-analytical nature, in order to collect and analyze information, was used the qualitative method of "ethnography" (observation, interview, photography and note-taking). The statistical population of the research is the houses of the villages of Astara county, and the sample size is estimated to be 384 houses based on the Cochran method. Also, the sample size includes 192 new and newly built houses (houses that have received facilities) and 192 old houses. It is worth mentioning that the maximum balance has been tried to be observed in the spatial distribution of housing samples in the villages of Astara county. The findings of the research show that the housing credits are available to most of the villagers and have made the houses in the villages of Astara county more stable and durable. However, among the other effects of these credits, we can mention the reduction of the level of biological activities in the residential unit, the reduction of the number of rooms and the level of the infrastructure of the houses, the change in the type of plan and also the reduction of the use of local technologies in the construction of houses. On the other hand, the results indicate the urbanization of villages and the reduction of identity in their bodies, as well as the reduction of cultural values and conformity with the old and traditional pattern of the field and the studied area in the new designs of residential units. On the other hand, the cultural changes in some villages have caused that in the cyclical course of time alternative cultural values have threatened the identity of the houses and reduced the sense of belonging to a place in the villages from a physical-spatial point of view. Therefore, it is necessary to pay basic attention to the prevailing cultural background in the new construction designs in the studied villages, and the new designs pay attention to the qualitative elements (culture, values, community, etc.) in addition to the quantitative indicators, and not be only imitate the urban dwellings.

Rural areas have always had a management hierarchy and social system appropriate to the economic, social and political conditions of their time. Management is one of the most important human endeavors in the history of human society. Human society consists of a set of organizations with different goals, each of which performs its functions. Organizations are trying to achieve their organizational goals by performing their duties. The mission of the rural development program is to enhance the capacity of rural communities, grow and improve their quality of life, which is possible by purposefully allocating financial and technical resources to rural areas. The present study was conducted in Astara city, one of the northwestern cities of Guilan province.Iran's first rural development program of the Islamic Republic of Iran were designed and implemented in 1316. After the Islamic Revolution, rural development programs were designed and implemented. Here are some researches related to the research topic.Sepehrdoost (1388) in his study entitled "Government performance in socio-economic- development of rural areas of the province evaluated government performance; the results of this study indicate the positive effects of government policies on the distribution of rural infrastructure.Seyed Taghavi (1392) with the title of evaluating rural economic policies from a regional perspective with a look at government policies in Iran, believes that government intervention in rural areas is in line with economic growth in the region.