فهرست مطالب فرناز جعفری

In this study, the genetic parameters of body weight traits including body weights at birth, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days were investigated in Japanese quail. For this aim, two Japanese white and wild quail populations and two types of pure and cross mating methods were used. The data were analysed with different animal models and restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedures, using ASREML software. Six different animal models were implemented and were compared by likelihood ratio test. All models consisted of the direct additive genetic effect, but differed in combinations of maternal additive genetic, maternal environmental and covariance between direct and maternal additive genetic effects. Based on the results of Chi Square, the model including direct additive genetic, maternal additive genetic and environmental maternal effects was considered as the most appropriate model for genetic evaluation of birth weight. Based on this model, the direct heritability (h2a), maternal heritability (h2m), and the ratio of maternal environmental variance to phenotypic variance (c2) of birth weight were estimated 0.13±0.01, 0.48±0.01 and 0.06±0.01, respectively. For other body weight traits, a simple model that included the direct additive genetic effect was selected as the appropriate model. Direct heritability for body weight traits from 7 to 35 days was ranged from 0.29 to 0.39. The results of this study showed that maternal effects were significant only on birth weight of Japanese quails, and at older ages, the bird's genes play a major role to determine the weight traits

DMFT (Decay-missing-filled teeth index) and dmft (the equivalent of DMFT index for deciduous teeth) indexes are dental epidemiological indicators showing the status of oral health in the population. This study evaluated the DMFT index of 6, 9 and 12-year-old students in Hashtrood city in 2013.
Materials & The present descriptive-analytical study using interview, examination and recording of information, in the study population included students aged 6, 9 and 12 -year-old conducted in Hashtrood city. Gender, parents’ income, toothbrushing frequency and carbohydrates intake frequency were recorded. Data analysis was done using SPSS 18.
Findings: The average DMFT index of 6 years old children was 0.13 ± 0.78, for 9 years old children was 2.86±1.39 and for 12 years old children was 4±2.17. The average dmft index of 6 years old children was 4±2.57, for 9 years old children was 3.83±2.36 and for 12 years children was 0.483±1.26. The analysis of Kruskai Wallisfound, significant differences between the amount of dmft and DMFT indexes of students based on brushing frequency and carbohydrate consumption (p Discussion & DMFT and dmft indexes of students of Hashtrood city according to WHO goals were not in good condition.

Backgrounds and The main purpose of one-stage full-mouth disinfection is the rapid elimination or depletion of all oro-pharyngeal pathogens using scaling and root planning، subgingival periodontal pocket irrigation and tongue disinfection. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of this technique on serum levels of IL-17 and IL-23 in patients with moderate-to-advanced chronic periodontitis. This randomized clinical trial study conducted on 24 eligible patients with moderate to advanced chronic generalized periodontitis. 20 (11 male- 9 female)، healthy subjects and with no history of drug therapy during the last 6 months were included in the study. Blood samples were taken from the patients before the intervention. Then، full-mouth disinfection was carried out in one session. Blood samples were taken again 6 weeks after the intervention. The ELISA method was used to evaluate serum levels of IL-17 and IL-23. The Pre and post-treatment serum levels of IL-17 were 103. 8±38. 6 and 14. 1±8. 6 pg/mL، respectively (P=0. 003); in case of IL-23، The Pre and post-treatment serum levels were 124. 9±40. 1 and 17±8. 8 pg/mL، respectively (P = 0. 001). The differences were statistically significant in both cases. In patients with moderate-to-advanced chronic periodontitis، serum levels of IL-17 and IL-23 significantly decrease subsequent to one-stage full-mouth disinfection.

Cloning in terminology is derived from the Greek word for "trunk or branch", that referring to the process whereby a new plant can be created from a twig But in biology cloning is the process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals that occurs in nature when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce asexually. Cloning in biotechnology refers to processes used to create copies of DNA fragments (molecular cloning), cells (cell cloning), or organisms. The term also refers to the production of multiple copies of a product such as digital media or software. Who is dolly? Dolly, a female domestic sheep, is the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell, using the process of nuclear transfer. She was cloned by colleagues at the Roslin Institute. She was born on 5 July 1996 and she lived until the age of six. The cell used as the donor for the cloning of Dolly was taken from a mammary gland, and the production of a healthy clone therefore proved that a cell taken from a specific part of the body could recreate a whole individual. As the matter of facts Dolly is the first step of long way.

Introduction & The present study evaluated staining as a result of the chlorhexidine use and the role of sodium perborate in removing stains; in addition, the amount of decreases in plaque and gingival inflammation and the role of sodium perborate in chlorhexidine efficacy in removing plaque and decreasing gingival inflammation were evaluated. In the present randomized clinical trial 40 patients (20-30 years old) referring to the Department of Periodontics, who had mild-to-moderate gingivitis were randomly divided into two groups with a parallel study design and were evaluated in a double-blind scheme. At baseline the patients underwent scaling, root planning and polishing procedures and brushed their teeth daily for two weeks. After two weeks, plaque indexes (PI), gingival indexes (GI) and bleeding indexes (BI) were determined and recorded. In the control group 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash and in the experimental group 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash containing 0.2% sodium perborate were used for 30 seconds. The subjects refrained from tooth brushing during this period. After 14 days the above-mentioned indexes were again determined and recorded, along with staining indexes.Also staining potential of mouthwash and chlorhexidine mouthwash containing sodium perborate was analysed with spectrophotometric devices. Data was analyzed by t-test. There were no statistically significant differences in PI, BI and GI between the control and experimental groups, although there were more decreases in PI, GI and BI in the experimental group compared to the control group. Regarding the intensity of staining, there was a significant decrease in the intensity and extent of staining on tooth surfaces and gingivitis in the experimental group compared to the control group (P=0.001). The use of chlorhexidine mouthwash containing sodium perborate significantly decreases the amount and extent of stains but has no inhibitory effect on chlorhexidine potential to reduce plaque and gingivitis.