فهرست مطالب فرهاد چگنی

There are valuable legacies left in Iranian Islamic architecture, which include mosques. Mosques have long been considered as the main element of Iranian Islamic society. Various spatial principles have been used in the spatial organization of mosques, one of the most important principles being spatial continuity. This research tries to investigate the spatial continuity in the historical mosques of Borujerd. The method of conducting descriptive-analytical research is using logical reasoning. In fact, the research has been done using content analysis, field observations, pattern analysis and simulation with the help of software. In the current research, after reviewing the research literature, which includes the definition of spatial continuity and its types (visual continuity, structural continuity and structural-visual continuity) as well as the theory of space syntax and its components (connection, connection, selection and depth) space) and its relationship with the concept of spatial continuity, selected research samples are measured and evaluated both in the field and with the help of Space syntax software. The results of the research show that the most important spatial element in creating spatial continuity in the spatial complex of mosques is their yard, and also the types of spatial continuity and the methods related to each are not fully used in the historical mosques of Borujerd. Is. In this way, the structural continuity (continuity of space) and its methods are used only in Imam Borujerd mosque, and the visual continuity (transparency) and its methods are used in Imam and Jame mosques. Structural-visual continuity is rarely used in Imam and Jame mosques. In relation to measuring the spatial continuity by means of space layout components, it can be said that the greatest amount of interlinking, connection and choice is present in the Imam Mosque, and the greatest amount of spatial depth belongs to the Qala Mosque.

Security is a very important issue in the development and dynamics of urban spaces. One of the areas in which security is considered very important in its development is the economic sector, and bazar security is essential as a clear manifestation of economic activities. The Iranian Bazar is one of the important urban spaces and its economic beating heart, and it consists of different spaces, one of which is the house. In the past, in addition to the location of commercial caravans, sera was also a place for supply and exchange of goods, which today has maintained its function in the bazar. One of the most important factors to improve and enhance spatial security is to understand the structure and spatial understanding of the environment. One of the main methods for measuring the spatial structure of the environment is the concept of spatial configuration. This concept confirms that the spatial structure in a spatial complex has a significant impact on the security of human social activities. Based on this, this research aims to evaluate the spatial security in the historical bazaar buildings of Borujerd with the help of space arrangement theory. The historical Bazar of Borujerd has a rich history, the life of its revival is more than one and a half centuries. The research method is descriptive and analytical with the strategy of space layout. In this way, after formulating the theoretical framework of the research and explaining the security indicators, using Space Syntax software, the space security in the historical bazaar buildings of Borujerd is investigated. The results of this research show that various factors such as: the area of ​​a spatial complex, the number of entrances, the length of the spaces, the possibility of circulation and also the proportions of the courtyard of a complex are involved in measuring the security of a complex.

Borujerd has a valuable historical context. But due to lifestyle changes, immigration and economic changes, a large part of the valuable context of this city has undergone major transformations and changes in recent decades. In this regard, it is essential to know the spatial and physical organization of the houses of this city and analyze the patterns used in them. The main question in this research is: over time (from Qajar to Pahlavi period), what changes have occurred in the spatial and physical structure of the Qajar and Pahlavi houses of the historical context of Borujerd city? The method of conducting this research actually includes analytical-descriptive methods and software analysis. Its strategy is the space syntax method and its complement is the collection of case samples and their analysis. The research consists of two stages. The first part includes library and documentary studies as well as field observation and observation. In the second part, which is a quantitative research approach, selected case examples are analyzed with the help of specialized software of space syntax. The result of this research shows that despite the common introversion structure of Qajar and Pahlavi period houses in the historical context of Borujerd city, tremendous changes have happened in these houses from Qajar to Pahlavi period. This issue can be seen in terms of the physical structure of the space, which includes the pattern of formation, the geometry of the building, the size of the building, the decorations used in the building, the diversity and multiplicity of spaces. Also, it can be seen in terms of the spatial configuration of the houses, which includes the appropriate layering of the spatial complex plan, permeability, attention to privacy and the creation of appropriate hierarchies of the houses of the Qajar period compared to the Pahlavi.

E-learning is the newest form of distance learning and is an approach to curriculum planning in which, in addition to using inclusive methods, computer tools and the Internet are used. Today, there is a growing attention paid to the e-learning approach to learning and teaching in order to meet the changes and challenges facing higher education. This is an approach that is specifically tailored to the new education and improves education in the higher education environment. Numerous components are effective in learning and teaching in the method of virtual education and also the effect of virtual teaching and learning in the courses  having different content is different. These topics have inspired the researchers to study the nature of e-learning in various courses. This study seeks to identify the impact of virtual education in the field of architecture. Architecture education at different levels is an aspect of higher education that has a special method and process due to the role and position of professionals of this field in the country. The nature of this field is different from other fields due to being taken without practical and theoretical courses. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the status of virtual education in the field of architecture and specifically in the practical and theoretical courses of this field which are derived from the practical and theoretical nature.

This research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive in nature and of survey type. The data collection instruments in this study are both quantitative and qualitative. The statistical population of this research is 78 undergraduate students of architecture in the University of Torbat Heydarieh. Data collection tools in this study include qualitative and quantitative cases. The software named Statistica and a questionnaire were used to assess the impact of e-learning on practical and theoretical courses in architecture. The questionnaire used in the research was anchored on a five Likert scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to check the validity or reliability of the questionnaire. In order to analyze the data in this study, the collected information was inserted into SPSS software and then the data were analyzed at both descriptive and inferential levels.

The findings of this study show that the six indicators of interactivity, interpretation, peer support, understanding all aspects of a subject, communication and teacher support are effective in virtual education in the field of architecture and its practical and theoretical courses.

The present study focuses on the effect of virtual education on practical and theoretical courses in architecture at the university. The results obtained in this study can be useful for learning environments as well as other courses in general. This study reveals that virtual education has many effects on learning architecture and having more interaction in this field and in practical and theoretical courses, but the effectiveness of the components related to virtual education in both practical and theoretical courses are different from each other. Moreover, in the theoretical courses, the effectiveness of e-learning is far greater than in practical courses.

Absence of identity, lack of attachment to a place, and ignorance of history, nature, and climate, have created diverse problems for the architecture of different regions. A practical solution to improve the architectural condition is to study the vernacular architecture and the original architectural patterns in every region. The vernacular architecture reemphasizes the valuable architectural and cultural background of that region. In addition, the recognition and introduction of architectural patterns can resolve many cultural, social, and developmental needs in that region. Some places in the geographical area of Iran, despite their rich architectural background and valuable buildings, are less known and studied. Boroujerd city in Lorestan province is one of these areas.

This study aims to identify and categorize the physical-spatial factors used in vernacular buildings of the Sufian neighborhood in Boroujerd and to evaluate their impact on vernacular buildings.

A combination of two research methods was used in two steps in this study. In the first step, the descriptive-analytical method was used to understand the physical-spatial patterns. In the second step, the TOPSIS method was used to evaluate the recognized patterns. Moreover, bibliographic research using related documents and resources, field observations, and questionnaires were used as the research tools.

This study seeks to identify the spatial-physical patterns used in vernacular housing of the Sufian neighborhood. These patterns include spatial building components, decorations, building materials, and climatic features. Finally, using a questionnaire and TOPSIS method, it is determined that the most significant physical-spatial patterns in vernacular housing of the Sufian neighborhood in Boroujerd are the building materials and construction techniques.

The result of this study is the classification of physical-spatial patterns of constructions of buildings in Boroujerd city, which include spatial constituent elements, decorations used in native buildings, building materials of different parts of the building and effects A climate is created in the emergence of indigenous buildings in the Sufi neighborhood of Boroujerd, and finally the most important patterns are identified separately using the TOPSIS method.

Increasing trends in the design of architectural environments in the past, among art and architecture theorists, can be seen as the result of a change in the construction process from the past to the present. One of the methods that helps to read and understand architecture from the past to the present is spatial configuration. Spatial configuration emphasizes the formation of coherent spatial relationships in a set to meet the needs of users and their comfort and convenience. Therefore, using the concept of spatial configuration, we can see the changes that have taken place over time in housing, as well as the evolution of housing from traditional to contemporary in a region and region. To understand and explain spatial configuration, one must look for a suitable method that meets environmental characteristics. In order to quantify and make more tangible understanding of spatial configuration, the method of spatial arrangement is used. It is in this neighborhood over time the historical context of Boroujerd consists of four neighborhoods, including Dodangeh, Sufian, Qadqun, and Yakhchal. Due to its antiquity, Sufian neighborhood is the oldest neighborhood in the city and has the most historically qualified houses. For this purpose, ten houses in this historical context, which includes five Qajar period and the other five are contemporary, selected so that changes in the level of their spatial configuration can be recognized over time. The method of conducting this research is a combination and in fact it includes descriptive analytical methods and logical reasoning. In simple language, this research is divided into two main parts in terms of research method. The first part of the research, which has a qualitative approach, consists of two steps. The first step involves library and documentary studies. In this step, by referring to first-hand sources and documents, the concepts of housing, spatial configuration and spatial arrangement method, as well as the research platform, which is the city of Boroujerd and the Sufi neighborhood, are identified. The second step also includes observation and the harvest is field. In this step, according to the research topic, ten traditional and contemporary houses of Boroujerd Sufi neighborhood have been randomly selected, of which five are related to the Qajar period and five are the number of the period. Contemporary and recent years have been selected. The second part includes a quantitative approach. In this section, the maps of selected houses on different scales are analyzed by space configuration. This method is obtained after modeling the maps in Auto Cad software, and the maps are entered into the UCL Depth Map 10 software. This software calculates the space configuration variables for each part of the house. Slowly and ultimately, using logical reasoning, the results are expressed. The research findings show that in public housing, public and private spaces have interfered with each other and are no longer separable and valuable. The former multifunctional rooms have been converted into single-function rooms that are influenced by individualism and the type of objects and furniture. The entrances do not create privacy as before, and the limited view from the alley into the interior has become a kind of communication space without details. This means that there are many changes in the contemporary housing of the Sufian neighborhood over time.

Because flexibility makes it possible for people to change their living conditions more optimally during their lifetime according to their changing circumstances and needs. Accordingly, the flexibility of the past has been the focus of designers. Investigating the principle of flexibility as one of the factors in increasing the quality of life in people's lives, considering the rich history of Iranian architecture in this field, is an important and noteworthy discussion. This paper seeks to identify the relationship between components and strategies in order to identify the relationship between the components of flexibility versus the strategies of flexibility. So the answer to the question is, "What is the relationship between the components of flexibility and its strategies according to the characteristics of each of them?" Because identifying the relationship between flexibility components and flexibility strategies is a complex process, this research can serve as a basis for basic research to identify the relationship between flexibility components versus its strategies. This paper uses the causal process method to identify the relationship between components and flexibility strategies in order to answer the question in a few steps by establishing a causal relationship between the material being studied and discussed. The causal process is a kind of logical connection of propositions and concepts, which can ultimately be the result of the connection between propositions and concepts. The basis of any qualitative research is based on the presentation of theory. It is important to take steps to develop knowledge and add to the awareness of people and to create a theory. Three methods are used to create theories: rules 8, based on axioms 9, and causal process 10. The causal process is defined as a set of definite or probable causal propositions that describe one or more processes with a causal mechanism that characterize the effect of one or more independent variables on one or more dependent variables .The causal process is used to create and create different theories in the field of knowledge. In such theories, the theory is first formed and evaluated in a logical system with the help of scientific propositions related to each concept. The causal process, in general, communicates the answers to research questions in a few steps by communicating between the concepts and keywords of the fields of study. Also, the method of collecting information in this research is based on library and documentary studies. Understanding the concepts, components, and strategies of flexibility in architecture is one of the most important parts of the research process. Following this knowledge, it is possible to construct the communicative propositions of the components and strategies of flexibility. Logical communication between components and strategies leads to the construction of causal propositions of communication and the explanation of the relationship between them. In this research, first, the issue of flexibility and its importance is examined and then this word will be explained from the point of view of experts. In the next step, the concept of flexibility will be described according to its components and strategies, and the structural and fundamental principles and characteristics of each of the components and strategies will be stated. In the last step and after the described steps, the components and strategies of flexibility and their relationship expression are evaluated. The results of this study indicate that the strategy of building systems as well as service spaces is the same component of flexible segregation and aggregation; Acceptable is the same as the equipping strategy for using space flexibility.