فریبا پروینیان

One of the important social issues in the contemporary era is the ones related to woman and her social position from the viewpoint of religious teachings. According to the Qur'an, man and woman are humanly equal and have social authority and status. The present research aims to analyze the components of women's economic impowerment from the perspective of the Holy Qur'an, using a descriptive-analytical method and library tools.The findings of the research show that from the perspective of the Qur'an, woman, like man, can have the components and resources of economic power and thus gain personal and social power. Some of the most important of them are: the ability to obtain income and own property, the necessity of paying dowry when a woman requests it, the equality of man and woman in accessing social positions and status, the right to obtain the highest level of education, having the authority and power to dispose of personal property, the right to progress and find social status and power in all personal and social dimensions, having the authority and ability to take responsibility and the right to have a job that suits her dignity. Some of the Qur'anic documentations of the components are: the generalization of the evidences of the legitimacy of ownership and acquisition in the Qur'an (Al-Hijr: 21; Al-A'raf: 9; Al-Baqarah: 168; Taha: 81; Qaf: 11; Al-Mulk: 15) and also the generalization of the evidences of the delegation of God's power to all humans, which includes financial power (Al-Munafiqun: 8) and the permission of a woman to take money for breastfeeding a baby (Al-Baqarah: 233; Al-Talaq: 6).

This paper compares the wife's financial rights in Iranian family law with French law and concludes that according to the existing laws and changes that have taken place and the variety of lifestyles, nowadays the wife's financial rights in the family such as ojrat al-methl (equivalent remuneration) and alimony as well as dower do not create a fair economic relationship between couples. Therefore, although the enactment of such laws in the fourteen centuries ago was an effective and great step to realize the financial rights of the wife, in the customary and cultural conditions of today's society, the implementation of these laws is such that they cannot solve the financial problems of the wife. Also in the real world, their implementation is guaranteed only by the fairness and justice of the husband. Given the strategies in France and some other countries turning to the conclusion of prenuptial agreements, this comparative study, following French law, seeks to propose that instead of including pre-determined conditions in the contract marriage (which is not required for the husband to accept) the couple arrange the prenuptial contract on financial rights, custody of children and the like under the supervision of a lawyer. It is hoped that this solution, by creating transparency resulting from a specific contract, can reduce family disputes, facilitate the resolution of family problems, and protect the wife's financial rights

The main purpose of this study is the typology of women’s savings and its outcomes among women in Tehran. The methodological approach of this article is qualitative. Data is collected through interviews according to the objectives of the research. In this study, 39 female participants were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed through content analysis method. The results of this study show that the types of women’s savings include reverse saving, underspending, gradual consumption/consumption management, gradual saving, consumption deferral, conversion of savings into capital, and targeted investments. They spend this savings on getting what they do not have/meeting essential and future needs, more access to amenities, recreational needs in order to improve living conditions, providing for their children’s future and family well-being, emotional purchases, family support, lending to relatives, large purchases resulting in a gradual increase in family wealth, and, ultimately, children’s education. Also, factors affecting women’s tendency to save include gaining decision-making power and the power to stand on their own, feeling the need to improve their position in the family and community, gaining social prestige, feeling the need for power and standing on their own, motivation for progress, feeling the need for (financial) independence, feeling the need for respect and approval and a sense of security. The outcomes of saving are the expansion of participation in the family and community, gaining a position in family decision-making, gaining social prestige, increased self-confidence, women’s financial independence, satisfaction with life/feeling of happiness, psychological security, family progress and well-being, expanding relationships and social interaction, problem solving and family crisis management, and, finally, rational planning and increasing the culture of saving.

Since women have been the main target of any demographic policies, this study explains the modern lifestyle of women and its effects on their low fertility. Anthony Giddens views lifestyle as a spectrum of functions, attitudes, behaviors, insights, tastes and everyday activities and integrates it with motivational theories, especially the second-demographic transition with an individual-level analysis approach to present the model.This study is an applied one in terms of goal, and is descriptive in terms of its data collection method. This study examines the fundamental elements of women’s lifestyle including insights, attitudes, behavior and the status of current actors in society with individual level analysis approach. The statistic population of this research includes 400 Qazvinian women aged between 15 to 45 and the data is obtained through a questionnaire. Findings show that women’s modern lifestyle encourages women toward striving for self-realization which is in contradiction with child bearing. Hence, women try to basically change inequalities to their own satisfaction. As the findings indicate, the greatest impact of women’s low tendency toward child bearing is felt in two elements of lifestyle attitude and socio-political changes. By utilizing methods for changing insight, attitude and behavior and strive for strengthening women’s legal and social status, one can bring women to accompany new demographic policies of the country.

Because citizenship is not only a passive, but also an active, and effective position and it is a matter of human condition and state, according to which one should enjoy the rights and benefits and should take on a task. This research seeks to explain the relationship between the Hijab and the rights of the citizen, whether the veil conflicts with the right to individual and civil rights and to the right to social rights and as part of the rights conferred by the right of citizenship? Therefore, through collecting information through a library with a descriptive-analytical method, the subject has been studied and explained. It has come to the conclusion that Hijab has a strong effect on the protection of citizenship rights such as security and peace, enjoying human dignity, freedom and decent life, and protecting their rights. And observing it is not only a violation of citizenship rights, but also an emphasis on it and safeguarding it.

This study examines the issue of intentional assault and battery of women by husbands and their role in divorce dealing with a case in Qazvin. Throughout the history, women as an important part of the society have been oppressed and their human laws and dignity have not been fully regarded. Women have also been discriminated based on customs, beliefs, laws and regulations and even in modern times and inside the family, despite all the achievements they have gained, in many cases they are oppressed. In spite of the fact that in Islamic society, the approach towards women is quite distinct and the goal of starting a family is peace and comfort for all members, we still see different types of violence against women in this seemingly small social institution. Among domestic violence
against women, physical violence always has irreversible effects. This research is conducted in collaboration with the chairman and staff of Qazvin department of Justice and its family courts. The objective of this research is to express the impact of intentional assault and battery of women and their role in women’s divorce petition. We see whether assault and battery of women can be an effective factor in their divorce, according to distress and constriction rule in article 1130 of civil law. We also examine the causes of women’s assault and battery in the family and provide some solutions.