فهرست مطالب فریبا یزدخواستی

Childhood fears are one of the most common childhood psychological problems that must be diagnosed and treated in time. The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of play therapy and the Kendall therapy program on the fear of female children.

This research was conducted quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up plan with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all girls suffering from fear in the first and second grade of elementary school in Isfahan city in 2021-2022. Using a multi-stage random sampling method, 45 people were selected and randomly assigned to three groups of play therapy, therapy program Kendall and the control group were divided. To collect data, Ollandik's children's fear questionnaire (1983) was used and to analyze the data, SPSS-24 software was used with repeated analysis of variance.

The results of the research showed that the overall score of the fear scale in both the game therapy group and the Kendall group decreased significantly in both the post-test and the follow-up phase (P<0.0001), but it seems that the game Treatment is more effective than Kendall's treatment in reducing children's fear.

It can be said that play therapy and Kendall therapy are effective psychotherapies to reduce the fears of female children. Therefore, in order to treat anxiety disorders in children and improve their mental health, mental health professionals can benefit from these treatments, especially play therapy.

Suicidal thoughts in adolescence can have irreparable consequences due to poor control over life, feelings of social loneliness, problems with parents and friends, and weakness in problem-solving and emotion management (1). Although Iran ranks 58th in the world with a suicide rate of 6 people per 100,000 people, it is necessary to address this psychological-social variable (2). In the field of etiology of suicide, although suffering from mental disorders (3), including depression, has been reported in 40-60% of people (4), recent studies emphasize the effect of biological factors, including neurotrophins (5). Among the neurotrophins, BDNF has attracted more study attention. BDNF maintains normal neurogenesis, synaptic function, neuroplasticity, and neuronal survival (6). So far, different and sometimes contradictory results have been proposed regarding the relationship between BDNF and depression (7, 8), and some believe that BDNF levels decrease significantly in suicidal patients (9). Culture and cultural context are also vital factor influencing suicide (11). In Iran, several qualitative studies have been conducted to identify the causes of suicidal behavior and thoughts (2, 12, 13). Azimi et al. showed that the causes of suicidal thoughts in teenage girls are: 1- Negative attitude toward the father (due to hard family life, lack of warmth between family members, and deprivation of freedom) 2- Perception of hopelessness (individual and social) 3- Unsafe school (unfavorable role of the teacher, school staff and education system) 4- Lack of religious excellence (lack of correct knowledge about God, defective attachment to God, external orientation towards religion) 5- Individual lack of maturity (problem in skills life, cognitive and emotion regulation) (13).
Among the psychological treatments, CBT has received the most research for treating depression and suicide among adolescents. However, its effectiveness seems to be influenced by the cultural and religious backgrounds of the clients (22). Similarly, at least half of the patients who undergo CB still experience psychosocial symptoms after the termination of treatment (15). Kennedy (2019) believes that the reason for the emergence and persistence of disease symptoms in people should be sought in biological components (16). In the current research, in line with the need to pay attention to biological and cultural factors in psychotherapy, a treatment protocol based on the psychological-cultural model has been designed and examined and compared with CBT treatment on depression and suicidal thoughts and BDNF. Besides, the modulating role of BDNF on the effectiveness of treatments on psychological variables was investigated.

This is a quasi-experimental research (pre-test. post-test, and control group). The study population consisted of 15-year-old female students in Isfahan who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling of 45 people and randomly assigned to three groups cognitive-behavioral therapy, culture-based psychotherapy, and control group (without intervention). The CBT was implemented according to the valid protocols provided (27, 28). To design psychotherapy based on culture, according to the components of the cultural-psychological model (13), the interventions whose effectiveness was confirmed were selected. The techniques were arranged in the form of an integrated and coherent treatment package and presented to six experts. The agreement coefficient about the content of the treatment sessions was between 0.96 to 0.98 was obtained. Both intervention groups included 12 sessions of adolescent education and three sessions of parent education. Research variables were assessed through Beck Depression Inventory (1996), the Multi-attitude Suicide Tendency Scale (Orbach et al., 1981), and blood samples Data were analyzed using SPSS-24 software, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

First, the statistical assumptions were checked through the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the results showed that the variables had a normal distribution. Lune's test also showed that the variances of the three groups were homogeneous. The assumption of homogeneity of the slope of the regression lines was also maintained. The results of the univariate covariance analysis test showed that after controlling the pre-test scores of the subjects, a difference was found between the mean post-test scores of the research groups in depression variables (F=6.230, P<0.05, η=0.247) and thoughts suicide (F=4.183, P<0.05, η=0.180) a significant difference was observed. However, no significant difference was found between the groups in BDNF (F=0.229, P<0.05, η=0.012). The statistical power indicated the relative adequacy of the sample size. Pairwise comparisons in the LSD test showed that both treatment groups decreased the scores of the participants in both depression and suicidal thoughts variables compared to the control group (P<0.05). However, in both mentioned variables, no significant difference was observed between culture-based psychotherapy and CBT. Furthermore, in this study, the modulating effect of BDNF was investigated. The assumptions of covariance analysis were valid. The assumption of sphericity was also checked and confirmed by using Mauchly's test of Sphericity W statistic (P<0.05). The results of covariance analysis with repeated measures indicated that BDNF could not moderate the effects of treatment on suicidal thoughts in any intervention groups (P<0.05).

The effectiveness of both treatment groups in reducing depression and suicidal thoughts was confirmed, and no difference was observed between the two groups in terms of effectiveness. Emphasis on self-knowledge, recognition of thoughts and feelings, cognitive errors, problem-solving, lifestyle, and communication skills leads to the effectiveness of both treatments on the level of depression of people. Indeed, four axes of depression have been considered in both treatments, including cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and physiological changes (through lifestyle).
In the field of suicidal thoughts, in culture-based psychotherapy (according to the research of Azimi et al.), in addition to individual maturity and cognitive skills, the cultural context, including the socio-economic characteristics of the family, religious characteristics, identity background (with an emphasis on gender identity) as a girl and existing conditions (such as facilities and characteristics of schools and the possibility of employment in the future) were widely considered. Although the role-playing method is one of the CBT techniques, in culture-based psychotherapy, this technique was used in a more evolved derived from psychodrama therapy in most therapy sessions, and interpersonal relationships and regulation of emotions and behavioral skills. It was investigated practically and more deeply. Also, in culture-based psychotherapy, in addition to cognitive treatments, ultra-modern treatment techniques were used. Besides, based on the three axes of mind awareness and acceptance of emotions and thoughts, the need to persevere in reaching the goal (committed action) and cultivating a compassionate mind was emphasized. For example, one of the factors predicting vulnerability to suicide is the ability to resist negative emotions and coping strategies; this ability under the title of accepting and tolerating distress was one of the techniques in culture-based psychotherapy (derived from the DBT approach). Furthermore, considering that suicide is an injury arising from the conflict between the situations (socio-economic conditions). It desires that the techniques used in culture-based psychotherapy can lead to acceptance of the situation and realistic goal setting, reducing the lead to suicidal thoughts. Techniques used in culture-based psychotherapy, such as self-knowledge, distress tolerance, problem-solving, considering family relationships, purposefulness, self-efficacy, and cognitive flexibility, not only the totality of the individual's psyche but also family relationships and problem-solving methods according to environmental and cultural conditions, were considered.
In the present study, the significant effect of both interventions on BDNF was not confirmed, and the moderating effect of BDNF on psychological variables was not significant. The present results are inconsistent with some studies based on the moderating role of BDNF on the effectiveness of treatment (18, 19, 21) and consistent with some studies that show no effect of BDNF on the results of therapeutic interventions (29, 30). Response to pharmacological treatment occurs more quickly (33), whereas the response to psychotherapy may take months (32) and depends on factors such as the therapeutic relationship (35). BDNF levels tend to be stable over time (36); therefore, it is necessary to investigate the treatment results on this biological variable for a longer time. Seemingly, the contradictory findings in different studies are due to the influence of other variables (including biological and clinical variables) that have not yet been identified and taken into account. Future studies regarding the interaction of biological variables, psychological components, and treatments may provide additional insights.

Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
In compliance with ethical guidelines, the Ethics Committee of the University of Isfahan (IR.UI.REC.1396.048) has granted requisite ethical approvals. Written informed consent was obtained from the adolescent. They were informed about the confidentiality of the information and their voluntariness in participation in the study.

Authors' contributions
Akram Azimi participated in the research design, data collection, analysis, revision, and article writing. Fariba Yazdakhasi participated in the research article’s design, analysis, and writing. Mohammadreza Maracy and Amraleh Ebrahimi participated in the data analysis and revision of the article. All authors read and approved the final version.

Funding
No financial support has been received for this research.

Acknowledgments
The author appreciated Isfahan Education Organization, school principals, and students who cooperated with the researchers in this research. The researchers are also grateful to Sharife Joshanpoosh and Zahra Akhtarian, who collaborated with the researchers in the research’s statistical analysis and implementation stages of the.

Conflicts of interest
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Present study was conducted to predict positive mental health and post-traumatic growth in nurses of coronavirus care unit based on optimism, by considering the mediating role of resilience and cognitive emotion regulation.

Research method is structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population includes all nurses in Isfahan who worked in coronarvirus care hospitals; 230 of them were selected by available sampling method. Research instruments include the revised Life Orientation Questionnaire (Scheier and Carver, 2015), cognitive emotion regulation (Garnefski et al., 2006), resilience (Schumacher et al., 2005), post-traumatic growth and development (Tedeschi, 1996) and positive mental health (Lakut et al., 2016). SPSS version 23 and Amos version 23 were used to analyze the data.

results showed that optimism was both directly and indirectly through cognitive emotion regulation strategy and resilience has a positive effect on post-traumatic growth (β = 0.408, P <0.01) and positive mental health (381/38). 0 = β, P <0.01).

findings of research in addition to practical and theoretical implications, can be used as a useful model to provide useful services to nurses to provide growth and development after truama and promote mental health.

Several studies have examined the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. But research that examines the effectiveness of this treatment in combination with Theraplay on the symptoms and function of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder has been neglected.

The present study investigates the effectiveness of combination therapy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Theraplay on the symptoms and Function of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with 3-month follow-up and control group. The statistical population of the study included all children with obsessive-compulsive disorder aged 8 to 12 years in Esfahan in 2019, along with their mothers at the time of the study, of which 20 children with their parents, after an authentic psychiatrist or psychologist diagnosed them with obsessive-compulsive disorder and they obtained at least a score of 14 on the Children's Yale-Brown OC Scale, were selected based on Purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the combination therapy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Theraplay for 10 sessions of individual counseling, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Instruments used in the study included Children's Yale-Brown OC Scale(CY-BOCS), Child Obsessive Compulsive Impact Scale – Revised(COIS-R / P) and Marschak Interaction Method Behavior Rating System.

To analyze the findings, inferential statistics methods of analysis of repeated measures were used. The findings of this study confirmed the effect of combination therapy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Theraplay on reducing the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, improvement overall performance and the improvement of academic, social, family and daily livng skills performance(P<0/05).

The combination therapy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Theraplay is effective to reduce symptoms and improve Function in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) on emotional regulation and distress tolerance of addicted women leaving by the mediating role of mindfulness, effective communication and emotional cognitive regulation strategies. The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design and control group. The statistical population included all addicted women leaving in Isfahan city. The sample consisted of 60 women prisoners leaving drugs who were selected based on available sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Measurement tools included the Negative Mood Regulation Questionnaire (Catanzaro & Mearns, 1990), the Distress Tolerance Scale (Simmons & Gaher, 2005) and the Researcher Made Behavioral-Emotional Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using analysis of covariance and analysis of variance. Findings showed that dialectical behavior therapy has led to increased emotion regulation skills and tolerance of anxiety in the experimental group (P <0.001), and the effect of this treatment remains until the quarterly follow-up. Also, the mediating role of mindfulness, effective communication and emotional cognitive regulation strategies in post-test was statistically significant (P <0.05).

Obsessive-compulsive disorder affects all aspects of the lives of children and these effects are less considered in the health and clinical system, so the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the severity of symptoms and Function of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Methods and Materials: 

The present study was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with 3-month follow-up and control group. The statistical population of the study included all children with obsessive-compulsive disorder aged 8 to 12 years in Esfahan in 2019, along with their mothers at the time of the study, of which 20 children with their parents, after an authentic psychiatrist or psychologist diagnosed them with obsessive-compulsive disorder and they obtained at least a score of 14 on the Childrenchr('39')s Yale-Brown OCD Scale, were selected based on Purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received acceptance and commitment therapy treatment for 10 sessions of individual, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Instruments used in the study included Childrenchr('39')s Yale-Brown OCD Scale, Childrenchr('39')s Global Assessment Scale and Child Obsessive Compulsive Impact Scale – Revised. To analyze the findings, inferential statistics methods of analysis of repeated measures were used.

Comparison of experimental group with control group showed that the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder were significantly reduced in the experimental group compared to the control group and the improvement of childrenchr('39')s overall function in the post-test and follow-up stages was confirmed (p≤.0.05). so that 71% and 63% of the changes in overall functioning and Total score of symptom severity are affected by acceptance and commitment therapy, respectively. But the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on family and social functioning was not significant (P≥0.05).

Acceptance and commitment therapy is effective in reducing symptoms and improving overall function in children with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Perfectionism is a personality trait whose negative aspect becomes obsessive and causes many problems for the individual and the family. In addition to perfectionism, many variables make coupleschr('39') compatibility difficult which different therapies seek to reduce them.

This semi-experimental study was conducted with two experimental groups and a pretest-posttest design with 40-day follow-up. The statistical population of this study included 200 self-reported couples who referred to Isfahan Social Emergency Counseling Center (Mosalla), Isfahan, Iran, for their marital problems in 2016. The sample group was voluntarily selected from among clients referring to the Social Emergency Counseling Clinic. Group couple therapy based on reality therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) was done for both groups in eight sessions of two hours. Data were collected through Perfectionism Questionnaire and needs adjustment  and were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) via SPSS software.

There was no significant difference between the effectiveness of group couple therapy based on reality therapy and ACT on adaptive perfectionism, but there was a significant difference in maladaptive perfectionism
(P < 0.050). Besides, there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of group couple therapy based on reality therapy and ACT on adjustment of coupleschr('39') needs (P < 0.050).

The results of this study showed that reality-based couple therapy was effective in reducing incomplete perfectionism, and ACT was effective in adjusting the needs of couples. Therefore, these two approaches can be used in couple counseling.

Visually impaired compared to sighted youths experience more perceived stress and less social adjustment. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on reducing perceived stress and enhancing the social adjustment of youths with visual impairment.

The statistical population of the present study included all youth with blindness and severe visual impairment aged 20-35 in Isfahan having a dossier in the Welfare Organization of Isfahan county and blind associations. Among these people, 40 with visual impairment were selected using convenient sampling method and then randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The research instruments included Cohen’s Perceived Stress Questionnaire (1983) and the California Social Adjustment Questionnaire (1939). The data were analyzed running repeated measure ANOVA using SPSS, version 24.

We found that in the post-test phase, compared to the control group, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy group had lower scores in perceived stress and higher scores in social adjustment (p < 0.01) and this pattern maintained one month after treatment (p < 0/05).

Therefore, it seems that ACT is a promising treatment for reducing perceived stress and enhancing the social adjustment of youths with visual impairment.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of psychodrama with the content of life skills on loneliness, happiness, affective relationships and parents’ social support in adolescents dependent on the cellphone. The design of this study was experimental and pretest-posttest and follow-up with the control group. The study population included female high school students in Khomeinishahr. The statistical sample of this study included 30 students dependent on the cellphone who were selected by cluster sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of 15 participants. To collect data. the scale of mobile dependence MPAI Lung (2007), Affective family climate of Hill Burn (1964), Parents' Social Support of Prosidano and Heller (1983), Happiness OHQ (1987), and UCLA Loneliness (1980) was used. The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that sessions of psychodrama with the content of life skills were effective in reducing loneliness, increasing happiness, improving adolescent affective relationships and social support of their parents and these effects stayed stable in follow-up (p

Nowadays, flexibility is the subject of special attention in the field of mental health and the scope of related research is increasing every day. The purpose of the present study was to construct and investigate the psychometric properties and factor structure of the adolescents' psychological flexibility scale. Four-hundred-sixty students were selected from six schools from the eighth and ninth grades (with emphasis on the ninth grade) by the multistage sampling method from six schools in Isfahan city. The instruments were Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). In factor analysis, the three factors of commitment, lack of perfectionism, and openness to experience were effective in forming themental flexibility variable. The obtained results showed that the present scale is a tool that has appropriate reliability (stability, internal consistency) and validity for measuring psychological flexibility. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses in this study confirmed the appropriate construct validity of this scale.

The purpose of this study is to examine the moderating role of retirement plan, retiring stage and retirement time in the relationship between reduction of income, health and job satisfaction before retirement AND psychological well-being after retirement. Research method is descriptive-correlative, performed on the employees close to retirement in an industrial complex in Esfahan. To test the hypotheses, a sample of 893 people was gathered through Convenience method. Data gathering took place with measures including CES-D scale (Raulf, 1977), questions measuring reduction of income, health and job satisfaction before retirement extracted from health and retirement survey (HRS, 1992), and questions measuring retirement plan and retirement expectation extracted from Wolfgang(2014). For data analysis correlation coefficient and subgroups analysis (for moderating analysis) was used. Results indicated that there is a positive relationship between job satisfation and well-being before retirement AND psychological well-being after retirement, on the other hand, there is a negative relationship between expected time of retirement, self-reported reduction of health, expert-reported reduction of health AND psychological well-being (p<0.01). Also, in the relationship between reduction of income, health and job satisfaction before retirement AND psychological well-being after retirement, there is a moderating effect by retirement plan, bridge job and expected time(earlier or later than expected) of retirement (p<0.01).

Today, interventions to create a high psychological well-being in the age old have been prioritized for reasons such as decreasing physical capacity and the loss of social and occupational bases in the old age . The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of four-dimensional physical-psychological interventions (Alexander technique, dohsa-hou method, compositional memorization, role playing, and combination method on the promotion of positive components of psychological well-being and Functional health among people age old ).

The sample consisted of 75 women aged 60-75 years old in Isfahan who were assigned to 5 groups of 15 (4 experimental and 1 control group) and received relevant interventions. The positive components of psychological well-being, including social interaction, life satisfaction, life expectancy, happiness and functional health in pre-test, post-test and follow-up were measured by standard or researcher-made tests.

The results of repeated measures analysis of variance showed that the main effect for all groups in all variables was significant (P = 0.001). Also, for the social interaction variable, the effect of Alexander's therapeutic approach, and for other research variables, is the effect of all three therapies (Alexander technique, dohsa-hou, and memory retrieval) more than other methods.

In order to increase psychological well-being in aging and to improve social interaction, life expectancy, happiness, life satisfaction and functional health, in this period, the use of psychosocial interventions in this research, namely, Alexander technique, dohsa-hou and memory retrieval, is recommended.

This research aimed to study a causal model of the relationship among religion, psychological hardiness, worldism, and problem-solving among soldiers. 110 soldiers with different service years were selected by the simple random sampling among the population (soldiers of the Fourth Base of Air-Force in the city of Isfahan) and responded to worldism questionnaire (MASAD), Ahvaz Hardiness Inventory (AHI), Khodayarifard's religiosity questionnaire, and Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised (SPSI-R). The findings showed that a) religion directly affects problem-solving; b) religion also influences problem-solving by increasing hardiness and decreasing worldism. As a result, religion has an important role in facing life stresses and it can adjust the effects of severe crises in life

This study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of dialectical behavioral therapy and psychodrama in distress tolerance and emotion regulation among people with a history of addiction.
A quasi-experimental research design along with pretest/posttest and control group was used for the conduct of this research. This research was carried out on 90 women over the age of 20 years who were in the abstinence period in Isfahan in 2016. The statistical population of this research consisted of all women with a history of addiction in the prison of Isfahan in 2016. A purposive sampling was conducted among the women with a history of addiction through recall and in a voluntary fashion. The participants were randomly divided into 3 groups (two experimental groups and one control group). The experimental groups were trained through psychodrama and dialectic therapy, whereas the control group received no training. Distress Tolerance Questionnaire and a researcher-constructed Problematic Behavioral Emotional States Questionnaire constituted the data collection tools in this study. Finally, the data were analyzed through covariance analysis with the observance of the required assumptions.
The results showed that the therapeutic methods used in this study were effective in emotion regulation and distress tolerance among addicted women (P According to the findings of this study, psychodrama therapy and dialectical behavioral therapy have been effective in emotion regulation and distress tolerance among addicted women.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of psychodrama with transactional analysis content on emotion regulation strategies and peer relationship in female adolescents with bad parenting in Isfahan.
The study was applieda quasi-experimental designby experimental and control group and pre-test, post-test and follow-up paradigm. Statistical population was allfemaleadolescents with bad parenting in Isfahan city in the 2015. A total sample of 22 girls were selected with an accessible sampling in the boarding house and then assigned randomly in experimental and control group. Emotion Regulation Difficulties Scale & Social-adaptive Functions Scales were administeredfor data collection. Data were then evaluated with a MANCOVA statistical analysis.
Results were shown that psychodrama with transactional analysis content significantly decreased difficulties of emotion regulation strategies and improved peers relationship in post-test and follow-up in experimental group.
It could be concluded that psychodrama with transactional analysis contentcould positively affect emotion regulation processes in the female adolescent with bad parenting and may help adolescentsto use more efficient emotion regulation strategies which improves peer relationships.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of individual and group play therapy on interpersonal interaction, attention span, behavioral control and emotional control, in pre-school children.
The statistical population of the study was all pre-schoolchildren of Isfahan City in 2016 among whom 39 children selected by multistage cluster sampling and assigned randomly to individual play therapy (n=13), group play therapy (n=13) and control group (n=13). For the two experimental groups, 10 weekly intervention sessions were held, but the control group received no intervention. Interpersonal interaction questionnaire, distraction scale, attention span scale, behavioral control scale and emotional control scale were responded by the children's parents as the instruments of the study in pre-test and post-test stages. Data were analyzed by MANCOVA and L.S.D.
Findings: The results showed that individual play therapy has been effective on, attention range and emotional control. Also, group play therapy has had significant effects on all dependent variables (p Based on the results of the study, both individual and group play therapy have considerable effects on children' cognitive and behavioral problems, but the rate and range of group play therapy are more than individual play therapy.

Alexander Technique and Massage Therapy are considered as two efficient interventions for rehabilitation. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of Alexander Technique and Massage Therapy on improvement of happiness, hope, and mental health in patients with Parkinson's disease.

The statistical population of the study consisted all of patients with Parkinson's disease who were clients of therapeutic centers in Isfahan City in 2015. Among this population, 28 patients were selected through convenience sampling as the sample of the study. Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ), Adult Hope Scale (AHS), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) were used as the instruments of the study. Data was analyzed using Mixed ANOVA.

The results showed that both interventions of the present study significantly improved happiness and hope in patients with Parkinson's disease, and there are no differences between effectiveness of the two interventions.

Alexander Technique and Massage Therapy can be considered as efficient interventions for improvement of happiness and hope in patients with Parkinson's disease.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Dosah-hou treatment and Massage Therapy on improvement of happiness, social adjustment, hope, mental health and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease.
The research was quasi-experimental. The statistical population of this study were all of patients with Parkinson's disease who were clients of therapeutic centers in Isfahan City in 2015. Among this population 28 patients were selected through convenience sampling as the sample of the study that Randomly assigned to two groups Dosah-hou and massage therapy (n = 14 per group). Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Social Adjustment Scale, Adult Hope Scale (AHS), General Health Questionnaire, and Word Health Quality of Life Questionnaire, were used as the instruments of the study. Data analyzed by Mixed ANOVA.
The results showed that both interventions of this study can improve happiness, hope and mental health significantly in patients with Parkinson's disease (P
Based on the results of this study, Dosah-hou treatment and Massage Therapy are effective interventions in promotion of happiness, hope and mental health in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has profound effects on patients in terms of communicative, social, and psychological aspects. The present study was aimed to investigate the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy in reducing the attentional bias and rumination in patients with OCD.
In this quasi-experimental study, from all OCD patients referred to the relevant clinics in Isfahan City, a sample size of 30 patients were selected through a targeted and available sampling method with a pretest-posttest design and also a control group. .. The patients group received a weekly session of 90 minutes of dialectical behavior therapy for 10 weeks while the control group was treated with a usual method. The data gathering tools were MOCI, RRS, and Stroop tests and the collected data were then analyzed through ANOVA with repeated measures.
Results showed that dialectical behavior therapy had a significant effect on reduction of attentional bias and rumination of OCD patients at a level of 0.05 error.
Dialectical behavior therapy based on the emotional regulation and distress tolerance techniques can be used as a selective and effective psychotherapy method in reducing of rumination and attentional bias in patients with OCD.

The aim of this research is to study the effect of group theraplay on interpersonal interactions¡ flexibility¡ and emotional perception of children aged 7 to 11.
22 person were selected from children aged 7 to 11 that be visited in one clinical psychology by availability. All subjects had low score in social skills¡ interpersonal interactions¡ flexibility and emotional perception. They were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Group theraplay treatment was conducted during 10 session for experimental group. All participants responded to the questionnaires of interpersonal interactions¡ flexibility and emotional perceptions as post-test and per-test.
Analyzing of data through MANCOVA test showed that experimental group have significantly increased (p Based on the results of this study¡ the group theraplay may have a considerable effect on developing of the interpersonal interactions¡ flexibility and the emotional perceptions in children.

Aim and This research aimed to study behavioral-emotional problems and skills of 6 to 12 year-old children with their parents suffering cancer, and compare them with children with cancer-free parents.
Methods and Materials: The study enjoyed an ex post facto design. The samples included two convenient groups of 80 persons; a group of 80 children with parents suffering cancer and another group of 80 with cancer-free parents. The measure was Child Behavioral Checklist Parent Report. For statistical analysis of the findings, a mixed one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA), Mann–Whitney-U test and correlation coefficient were performed.
Findings: There was a significant difference between the two groups regarding the variables of community and activities (P = 0.01). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the two groups in all three dimensions of internalized problems, one dimension of externalized problem, (P = 0.01).
Although parent's chronic diseases such as cancer can cause emotional and behavioural problems in children, they can also create field compensatory behaviors, such as advances in school in order to please parents or compensate for their dissatisfaction with medical incompetence.

The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of psychodrama on respond to stress, loneliness and social interaction in satelite employmee's wives. The research design of this study was Quasi-experimental by pretest-post test with control group. Porticipants were selected by available sampling method and appointed in two control and experimental group randomly. Instruments included the stress respond (SRI), loneliness (SELSA) and social skills (SSI) questionnaires. Data were analysed using MANCOVA. Results showed significant difference between experimental and control groups. Psychodrama training reduced stress and loneliness and increased social interaction in experimental group. According to the results we can say that psychodrama is effective in reduction of responds to stress and loneliness, and improve social interaction.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Psychodrama on early maladaptive schemas and behavioral- emotional problems in young girls with single parent. The statistical population of this study were all of high school girls with single parent in Isfahan city. Among this population 30 students were selected by convenience sampling and assigned randomly in one experimental (n=15) and one control (n=15) group. 10 weekly sessions of Psychodrama were administrated for experimental group, but the control was received no intervention. Data were analyzed by ANCOVA. The results showed that Psychodrama reduced the rate of early maladaptive schemas and behavioral- emotional problems. Based on the results of this study, Psychodrama can be considered as an effective intervention for improvement of the intensity of early maladaptive schemas and behavioral-emotional problems in young girls with single parent.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of massage, Dosah-hou and Alexander Technique on happiness, social adjustment, hope, mental health and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease. The statistical population of this study were all of patients with Parkinson's disease who were clients of neural therapeutic centers in Isfahan City in 2015. Among this population 42 patients selected through convenience sampling as the sample of the study. Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ), Social Adjustment Scale (SAS), Adult Hope Scale (AHS), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and Word Health Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL), were used as the instruments of the study. Data analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measures. The results showed that research on the effectiveness of interventions between the dependent variables in the test phase ,but there was no significant difference in follow-up ,compared to other interventions Dosah-hou research on happiness is effective .more effective possible explanations are discossed.

The objective of this paper is to study the relationship between Perception of paternal Rejection–Acceptance and Control on Moral Intelligence and Distress Tolerance of the residents of Isfahan City. A Total of 195 men and women of 20-30 years of age were selected through random sampling. The Parental Acceptance-Rejection/Control Questionnaire (Adult PARQ), MCI and Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) were used. Path Analysis as well as descriptive-correlational research method were employed. The findings of the research indicate that the direct path between perception of parental rejection and acceptance with moral intelligence, perception of paternal rejection and perception of maternal control with distress tolerance as well as moral intelligence with distress tolerance is significant. On the other hand, perception of parental rejection and acceptance through moral intelligence has very low indirect impact on distress tolerance. The findings also show the impact of perception of parental rejection and acceptance on moral intelligence. Distress tolerance also is influenced by perception of maternal rejection and paternal control as well as moral intelligence.