فریده الهی منش

X-ray and gamma-ray are part of the electromagnetic waves that can penetrate into living tissues, ionizing radiation can lead to abnormal function. Despite radiology students could be exposed to ionization radiation during received training,   their radiation dose has not evaluated. The purpose of this study was to compare the blood factors and thyroid hormones in  the senior and freshman radiology students

case-control study was performed in May-July 2018. the sample size has consisted of   60 freshman and senior radiology students (30 freshman and 30 senior radiology students) who were healthy and have not has blood diseases. Eventually, The blood factors of students were analyzed in the laboratory.

measuring blood factors such as white blood cell, erythrocyte, basophil, neutrophil, platelet, hemoglobin but the mean basophil, lymphocyte, T4, and TSH  showed that  Ionizing radiation causes significant changes in basophil, lymphocytes, and thyroid hormones (T4 and TSH ) in two groups of students, but there was no significant difference in others blood factors between two groups (P<0.05).

Ionizing radiation caused changes in some blood factors ( basophil, lymphocytes, and thyroid hormones (T4 and TSH ) ) .therefore,  the survey of radiology division and raising safety and awareness of student is recommended.

Patients’ satisfaction of treatment centers is one of the most important indicators for the quality of care and treatment services. Taking care of patients’ satisfaction has essential role in managing programs of health services. The aim of study was to evaluate patients' satisfaction with the quality of services provided in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Qorveh in 2015. The research method was cross-sectional and descriptive-analytic. The statistical population of the study consisted of 384 patients selected in one stage cluster sampling from different parts of hospital. Patient satisfaction was evaluated by means of questionnaire that its validity and reliability was confirmed. Information was analyzed by statistical software SPSS 20 and t-test. The results showed that most of satisfaction was related to the emergency department and the lowest levels of satisfaction was related to ICU. Overall satisfaction from health services of Shahid Beheshti hospital was 72%. In this study, the satisfaction and habitat of patient had meaningful relationship, but other factors had not significant relationship with patient statisfaction. In recent years, patient satisfaction had an acceptable level due to dramatic improvements in health system. Nevertheless, the problems and weaknesses in the health care field also should be concerned and resolved and we have to improve the quality of services.

Using ionizing radiation in diagnosis and treatment is of great importance. As early diagnosis in some diseases only can be done by using radiation, in treatment phase, radiotherapy is also the main center for healing patients with cancer. Today, one of occupational hazards is ionizing radiation which can cause serious and irreparable damages in radiation workers. This study aimed to count blood cells and evaluate liver enzymes and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in radiation workers in hospitals in Kurdistan Province, Iran.
In this case-control study, blood cells, liver enzymes, and TSH levels were compared in 142 radiation staff (cases) and also 142 workers in other sections of hospitals. Matching was done for confounding factors. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software at the significance level of P Findings: Mean number of white blood cells and the level of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme in radiation staff were significantly different from that of the control group. But no significant difference was observed between other parameters.
It seems that working in radiation wards can change some blood factors but can not predict the recieved dose. In order to increase the safety of radiation workers in radiation wards, monitoring of these individuals should be done annually using cytogenetic methods.

Radiographic tests are used to diagnose various types of diseases, but they are potentially dangerous for patients and radiographers who work in radiology departments. These risks are minimized if the protective measures are observed. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and the performance of radiographers working in the radiological departments of Sanandaj city with regard to radiation protection guidelines.
Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was carried out using a 30-item questionnaire completed by all radiographers working in Radiology Centers in Sanandaj. The questionnaire included demographic information and questions about the level of knowledge, attitude and performance of radiologists on radiation protection. The data of the questionnaire was analyzed using SPSS18 and descriptive statistics including absolute frequency, relative frequency, mean, standard deviation, range, knowledge, performance, and attitude of the radiologists with gender and degree, age group and work experience.
The rate of participation of radiographers was 94.16%, and the mean and standard deviation of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding radiation protection were 20.65±2.725, 16.59± 2.09, 592.22, 11.43±1. The mean and standard deviation of age and work experience were 34.19±7, 158, 9.96±931.3, respectively.
The results of this study showed that with increasing age and reduction of educational degree, the knowledge and awareness of the radiographers with regard to radiation protection was reduced and also there was a direct relation between the knowledge and awareness of the radiographers and their performance in the field of radiation protection.

Introduction and Aims: Diagnostic Radiology has the largest share in the artificial ionizing radiation sources in the society. One of the most important factors in reducing radiation dose is quality control and ensuring the quality and performance of radiology devices.Quality control is conducted to produce high-quality radiographic images with minimum radiation dose.
Ten normal X-ray machines in 5 hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan university of Medical Sciences were studied. Then, 10 standard test of quality control were conducted based on the protocol recommended by the 74 report (quality control standards) American Association of Medical Physics (AAMP) and Report No. 103 of the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP). Finally, data were statistically evaluated and the percentage of error of each parameter was compared with existing standards.
In some devices the overall filtration parameters’ error and voltage accuracy was higher than acceptable range and needed to be reformed. Also, in some devices the percentage of parameter error of radiation field compliance and light field was more than acceptable range based on the existing standards. Some devices in the province had boundary and threshold error.
According to the recommendations of the Commission on Radiation Protection and Medical Physics Society of America, most of the parameters of the devices in question were in agreement with existing standards and were in acceptable range.

The Pyrus Biossieriana Bushe tree (Telka) belongs to pyrus genus and is found in northern Iran. The leaves of this tree are rich in arbutin and are used for alleviating inflammation, urinary frequency, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. In this study, we first determined the toxic dose of the Telka leaf extract and then assessed its preventive effects on the viability of HeLa cells exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide.
Materials and: This was an experimental study. HeLa cells were cultured under standard conditions in the medium culture of RPMI 1640 in 24-well plates. Then, the Telka leaf extract was added to the medium culture and cytotoxicity of the extract was evaluated 24 hours later by using the MTT technique. Thereafter, 100, 150, 200, and 250 micromolar concentrations of tert-butyl hydroperoxide were added to the medium culture and the preventive antioxidant effects of the extract were assessed. The viability of HeLa cells and the antioxidative effects of the Telka leaf extract were evaluated by using respectively the MTT and the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power techniques. Mean and standard error of mean measures (Mean±SEM) were used for reporting the study results. The level of significance was set at below 0.05.
Findings: Study findings revealed that the Telka leaf extract is cytotoxic at doses of 2% and higher. The differences between the less-than-2% doses of the extract and the control group were not statistically significant. The antioxidative power of the control group significantly differed from the “Telka leaf extract tert-butyl hydroperoxide” group (P value = 0.001). After adding tert-butyl hydroperoxide, the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power was significantly reduced compared with the control group.
Pre-incubation of cells at different doses of the Telka leaf extract increases the total antioxidative activity of the medium culture. Consequently, this extract can be used as a natural antioxidant.