فریدون شکیبانیا

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of painting therapy on self-efficacy and quality of life of female students with reading disorders.

The research method of this study is a semi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test with the control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all female fifth- and sixth-grade elementary school students in Khoram Abad city in the academic year of 2021-2022. Then 30 people with reading disorder were selected through random multi-stage cluster sampling and were assigned randomly to two groups (15 people in each group). The experimental groups received painting therapy for eight 60-minute sessions. The instruments used in this study were the self-efficacy questionnaire (Sherer et al, 1982) and the quality of life questionnaires )Ware et al, 1996). The data was done using covariance analysis tests.

The results showed a significant increase in painting therapy on the self-efficacy of the subjects in the experimental group (p<0/001), but no significant effect was observed on the quality of life (p<0/63).

Based on the result we can say that painting therapy is an effective way in improving self-efficacy in students with reading disorders.

In this study, Thomas Nigel's view of Panpsychism is examined to determine whether this approach is a more appropriate basis for the neuroeducation approach than the physicalist approaches. For this purpose, descriptive-analytical research method has been used. The physical basis of the Neuroeducation approach, instead of solving the problem of the relationship between mind and body and also explaining mental states, By proposing eliminatory and reductionist views and eliminating the form of the problem without considering the phenomenal and first-person characteristics of the mind (by eliminating or reducing the apparent consciousness to events and brain processes) it looks at mental states from an objective and third person perspective. Nigel considers the external / objective conception of the world incomplete and presupposes "Panpsychism" in order to fill the explanatory gap of mind and body, and to explain the origin of consciousness and intellect. Nigel's Panpsychism approach is more appropriate for the general field of education, and especially for the special field of teaching-learning, than for the physicalist approaches, in terms of paying attention to the totality of human existence and the intertwined mentality and objectivity. However, since Nigel's Panpsychism has not adequately explained the problem of composition, it can not be a flawless solution in explaining mental causation and consciousness, and as a result As a result, the relationship between mind and body remains a difficult issue.