فهرست مطالب فهیمه نگین تاجی

Salmonella and Escherichia coli are important bacteria that cause intestinal infections and diarrhea. The increment of salmonella and E.coli antibiotic resistance is considered as a major global problem. Since indoor dogs are known as potential reservoirs for these two bacteria, this study was designed for investigation of antibiotic resistance pattern of salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli isolated from rectal and perineal region skin swabs of these dogs in Esfahan province. Skin and rectal swabs obtained from 100 dogs referred to veterinary clinics, were cultured for bacterial isolation. After bacterial culture and isolation, salmonella and E.coli positive colonies were confirmed using Polymerase chain reaction. Then the presence of the most prevalent antibiotic resistance genes were investigated using PCR method and phenotypic patterns were determined using disc diffusion method. All of the E.coli bacteria isolated from rectal samples were resistant to gentamycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole. Furthermore, all of salmonella rectal isolates were resistant to tetracycline. dfrA1 gene was detected in all of E.coli bacteria isolated from rectal swabs. Tet B and dfrA1 were the most detected genes in salmonella typhimurium bacteria isolated from rectal swabs. Multiple antibiotic resistance in these isolates shows extra usage of antibiotics and to overcome this problem, antibiogram test is suggested to choose the best antibiotic for the treatment of infectious disease.

Today aggressions as an unseperatable part of sport fields, but its volume depends on the type of sport and its popularity. The current research is content analysis and a descriptive one. 3 well known sport newspaper(Khabarevarzeshi, Abrarevarzeshi, and Iranevarzeshi) from farvardin of 1392 to Esfand of 1392 were selected for data analysis. Based on analysis, the most aggressive behaviors were found in football league. Most of these aggressions occurred football matches and exercises. Most of these aggressions were committed by players and spectators that often extended to outside of stadiums. According to this fact that 93 percent of aggressions were found in football, the presented structure can be related to the different aspects of football, in which spectator-player identification, imitation, replacement, social and observational learning, can be more possible. This shows that football is a suitable place for releasing excitement, compensating failure, and solving suppressed social and political complex. It is remarkable that football play an important role in creating group identity.

The present paper aims to determine the extent of the relationship between the four roles of the mass media (i.e. informing, educational, social participation, and culture-making) and the development of student sports.
The study utilized a correlation survey research design with a field data-collection method. The data-gathering instrument was a48-item researcher-made questionnaire. Validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 14 university professors, and its reliability was established by calculatingCronbach's alpha (α=0.92). The statistical population included physical education teachers of elementary, guidance, and high schools of Tehran. Morgan Table was used to determine the sample. Using the convenience non-random sampling method, 262 subjects were selected. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data. Inferential statistics, namely the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, was used to see if the distribution of data was normal. Chi-square (2χ) and Friedman test were applied to examine the significance of hypotheses.
The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the fourfold roles of the mass media and the development of student sports at the level of P=0.05.
Discussion and In order to save student sports from this situation and to improve its position in the media, the current programs have to be reviewed. Also, some strategies have to be taken toestablish a better interaction with media. An accurate and appropriate planning requires knowing the status quo as well as the desired status of the mass media in developing the student sports.

Most of the studies conducted in the field of performance appraisal have focused on relatively spiritless cognitive processes of appraisers while ignoring social and human details of it. In the same vein, one of the issues in performance appraisal not adequately paid attention is the different uses of performance appraisal. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of different uses of performance appraisal (developmental and evaluative) on employees’ trust on their managers (in terms of competence, integrity and Benevolence). The population of this study consisted of the employees working at Iranian Students’ News Agency (ISNA). Questionnaires were used to collect the required data. In addition, some exploratory interviews have been conducted to investigate the current system of performance appraisal at ISNA. SPSS and Smart PLS 2 were applied to analyze data. The results of this survey indicated that both types of uses of performance appraisal predict the trust of employees on their managers with a more strong impact in the case of developmental use of performance appraisal. At the end, some practical implications have been suggested to help improving the performance appraisal system and trust climate at ISNA.

Lifestyle is a concept which is defined choosing the daily life; in a way that unlike traditional societies in which people has few replacements and similar among their life programs, in the contemporary society, the power of choice has increased due to the importance of self and personal responsibility as well as the advent of consumer society in life. The importance of choice in the society of Iran in the field of material and consumption of goods is already happening, and the variety of the number and change of the form and content of popular media in recent years along with the change in the appearance of big cities in Iran and the increasing attention paid to the process of consumption, states this matter very well. Here, consumption-oriented lifestyle is the result of choices and preferences, associated with the culture of consumption, and also expressive and dramatic.
The aim of this article is descriptive studies using the semiotic analysis of Roland Barth and discovering the meaning of the chain of direct and indirect indications in the case study of 9 samples of advertisements in lifestyle magazines (Zendegi Ideal, Zendegi Armani, Zendegi Iran, fall, 1391 volume).
The obtained results introduce a set of symbolic values that generally just in the appearance denote the emphasis on and verification of independence and the unique nature of person's identity and character as preferred values resulting from the model of consumption in the modern society, but the underlying message of the producers is in contrast with the freedom of choice and free subjectivism of people in the modern society, especially those addressing in the third world countries that could just be the passive consumer of goods and values created by the west.
The end result of the analysis focuses on the formation of a grouped society the according to the economic and status layering.

In this paper with the use of cultural studies approach and from the perspective of critical theory of everyday life scholars such as Henry Lvfvr، Michelle Dvsrtv، and John Fiske، and also by using Roland Barthe''s Semiotics approach، we discussed the Semiotic analysis and discovering the meaning of the image represented form different aspects of youth''s everyday life in context of Tehrann city in two levels of implicit and explicit implications at three movies «»Tehran، Tehran«،» Melissa «and» at the end of eighth Street. Films selection was based on purposive sampling and continuity in film making in order to reveal the directors view of different generation as well as the importance of the city as a driving element in the narrative. Image represented from Tehranian youths shows that their consideration of Citizenship status، is a vertical consideration that despite of their efforts in resisting the interests of the ruling power، eventually they see themselves in situations to be inevitably subordinate and passive receptive of environmental change. Special features of Tehran like will and power، put pressure on young people to make decision or reaction، and if they weren’t in this city، they would not act similar. The city that represented in this movies، is a place that characters have short and unstable relationship on it، and its insecurity atmosphere suppresses the aspirations of young people، in their demand to find their goals، tehran leads them outside its territory، Tehran is a place that put spaces among heroes، generations and its citizens، which marginalize the new generation grew up in its context from the mainstream of the society at the expense of trying to choose and determining their own destiny

Several researches have been done on the concept of empowerment and its relationship with other variables. However, Emotional Quotient as a factor influencing on individual, social and organizational behavior, has been introduced in recent years in the literature of organization and management. The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between Emotional Quotient and empowerment in Tehran Province General Administrationof Sportand Youth.The method used in this study was survey and of correlation, and data collection tool was standard questionnaire of empowerment and Emotional Quotient. Data was analyzed by Pearson correlation test. It showed that there is no significant relationship between empowerment and Emotional Quotient. Moreover, the investigation of first hypothesis about Emotional Quotient indicated that null hypothesis about main hypothesis was rejected, and with regard to the minimum and maximum positive value, it can be concluded that Emotional Quotient value is above the average. Null hypothesis about the second hypothesis was also rejected and according to the minimum and maximum positive value, it can be concluded that empowerment value is above the average.