فهرست مطالب لیدا خدادادی

Economically the Surgah Formation is the most significant in the Zagros sedimentary basin. In this study, the calcareous nannofossils have been investigated of the Surgah Formation from the Shah-nakhjir section. The thickness of the Surgah Formation is about 147 meters and composed of marly limestone deposits with diversity and well-preservation of calcareous nannofossil assemblages. In total, 41species belong to 22 genera were determinate and ultimately have compared with nannofossil standard zones. According to identified nannofossils, the age of the Middle Cenomanian- Middle Santonian corresponding to CC10- CC17 (Sissingh, 1977) includes Microrhabdulus decoratusZone (CC10), Quadrum gartneri Zone (CC11), Lucianorhabdus maleformis Zone (CC12), Marthasterites furcatus Zone (CC13), Micula decussataZone (CC14), Reinhardtites anthophorus Zone (CC15), Lucianorhabdus cayeuxii Zone (CC16), Calculites obscurus Zone (CC17) were suggested for the Surgah Formation in the studied section. Palaeoecological interpretations based on the identified species show warm climate and low depth conditions in low latitudes for deposits of the Surgah Formation in southwest of Ilam city (Shah-nakhjir section).

In this research, Calcareous Nannofossils of the Chamanbid Formation in Ghoroneh section have been studied. The Ghoroneh stratigraphic section with 750 meters thickness is located at the Binalud Mountains, about 43 kilometers far in northwestward direction from Neyshabour city. In this study, 64 samples from Chamanbid Formation have been studied. Samples were prepared following a standard smear slide method (Bown, 1999). Calcareous nannofossils nomenclature follows the taxonomic schemes of Perch-Nielson (1985). In general, 27 genera and 49 species of the calcareous nannofossils have been recognized in this section. Calcareous nannofossils recorded in the Mesozoic strata are believed to be an appropriate means for biostratigraphic studies. Abbreviations used in this study are the FO (first occurrence) and the LO (last occurrences). Based on the zone maker of index taxa and their accociated assemblages, biozones NJ9-NJ18 from biozonation scheme of Bown et al. (1988) with the age of Early Bajocian to Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary and CC1 zone from Sissingh (1977) belongs to Early Berriasian, have been suggested for the studied sequence and the biozones are as follows:
Watznaueria britannica Zone: The first nannofossil unit recorded in this study is the NJ9 zone.This bio zone is recorded from the FO Watznaueria britannica to the FO of Stephanolithion speciosum. The age of this zone is Lower Bajocian.

Stephanolithion speciosum Zone: The second nannofossil unit recorded in this study is the NJ10 zone. This biozone is recorded from the FO Stephanolithion speciosum to the FO of Pseudoconus enigma. The age of this zone is Lower Bajocian to Upper Bajocian.

Pseudoconus enigma Zone (NJ11(: This zone spans the interval from the FO of Pseudoconus enigma to the FO of Ansulasphaera helvetica. The age of this zone is Upper Bajocian to Upper Bathonian

Ansulasphaera helvetica Zone )NJ12(: This zone spans the interval from the FO of Ansulasphaera helvetica to the FO of Stephanolithion bigotii bigotii. The age of this zone is Upper Bathonian to Callovian.

Stephanolithion bigotii bigotii Zone )NJ13(: This zone spans the interval from the FO of Stephanolithion bigotii bigotii to the FO of Stephanolithion bigotii maximum. The age of this zone is Callovian.

Stephanolithion bigotii maximum Zone: The NJ14 zone spans the interval from the FO of Stephanolithion bigotii maximum to the LO of Stephanolithion bigotii maximum. The age of this zone is Callovian to Lower Oxfordian.

Cyclagelosphaera margerelii Zone )NJ15(: This zone spans the interval from the LO of Stephanolithion bigotii maximum to the FO of Stephanolithion brevispinus. The age of this zone is Lower Oxfordian  to Upper Kimmeridgian.

Stephanolithion brevispinus Zone (Nj16): This zone spans the interval from the FO of Stephanolithion brevispinus to the FO of Stephanolithion atmetos. The age of this zone is Upper Kimmeridgian to Lower Volgian.

Stephanolithion atmetos Zone (NJ17): This zone spans the interval from the FO of Stephanolithion atmetos to the LO of Stephanolithion atmetos. The age of this zone is Lower Volgian to Middle Volgian.

Watznaueria fossacincta Zone: The NJ18 zone spans the interval from the LO of Stephanolithion atmetos  to ?. The age of this zone is Middle Volgian to Jurassic/Cretaceous boundary. The detail study of Chamanbid Formation at the Binalud Mountains, based on calcareous nannofossils, enables the subdivision of the studied deposits into biozones NJ9-NJ18 from biozonation scheme of Bown et al. (1988) with the age of Early Bajocian to Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary and CC1 zone from Sissingh (1977) belongs to early Berriasian, have been suggested for the studied sequence.

IntroductionThe Lut Block is alsom called the "Median Mass of East Iran". This basin is a region characterized by Jurassic-Cretaceous-Tertiary sequence (Stocklin and Nabavi, 1973). In this research, to determine the age of these sequence in the Sarayan region (Rumeshtik section), a detailed study of calcareous nannofossils under optical microscope was performed. This section, based on the structural classification of Iran, is located in the east margin of Lut block. Previous nannofossils studies of Cretaceous deposits in Lut Block were done by Hadavi et al. (2012) in Gazak section (East Birjand). In the present study, for the first time the nannofloras of the Rumeshtik section were discussed and biostratigraphy of these deposits were presented. The thickness of the studied sequence is 690 meters, and consists of limestone and shale. Ninety eight samples at intervals from 4-10 meter were collected. For the nannofossils, smear-slides were prepared using the technique of Bown and Young (1998) and examined under a light microscope at 1000 magnification by both cross-polarized and phase-contrast methods.
DiscussionIn the present study, 33 species belong to 18 genera of calcareous nannofossils in Rumeshtik section were identified. These nannofossils are well to moderately preserved. Some species are abundant in the lowermost part of the studied sections, such as Nannoconus dolomiticus, Nannoc¬onus quadrates and Nannoconus bonetii, while other species are abundant in the uppermost part of the studied sequence such as Nannoconus abundans, Nannoconus circularis, Nannoconus borealis, Lithraphidites bollii and Assipetra terebrodentariu. According to the First occurrence (FO) of marker species, in Rumeshtik section, three calcareous nannofossil biozones (CC3-CC5) were recognized.
Calcicalathina oblongata zone (CC3): This zone explained as the interval from the FO of C. oblongata to FO C. loriei by Sissingh (1977). The age of this zone is Late Valanginian. This is the oldest identified zone in the studied section. Thickness of this biozone is about 370 meter.
Cretarhabdus loriei zone (CC4): This zone explained as the interval from the FO of C. loriei to last occurrence (LO) Speetonia colligata by Sissingh (1977). The age of this zone is Hauterivian. Thickness of this biozone is about 220 meter.
Lithraphidites bollii zone (CC5): This zone explained as the interval from the LO S. colligata to LO C. oblongata by Sissingh (1977). The age of this zone is Late Hauterivian to Barremian. Nannoconus abundans is an index species for Late Hauterivian (Taylor, 1979). Because of the continued presence of C. oblongata, and present of N. abundans, we located lower part of Lithraphidites bollii zone at the end of the studied section. Therefore age of the uppermost part of the studied section is Late Hauterivian. Thickness of this biozone is about 100 meter.
According the calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy, age of the sequence in the studied region is suggested to be Late Valanginian- Late Hauterivian.
In the current study, in addition to biostratigraphy, investigation of temperature changes was done too. During the Early Cretaceous time, some nannofossils such as Lithraphidites bollii, Nannoconus spp., and Watznaueria barnesae indicate the warm surface water and more related to lower paleolatitudes (Thibault & Gardin, 2007º Street & Bown, 2000). The common occurrence of species belong to the genus Watznaueria, Lithraphidites, and Nannoconus are indicative not only of a warm climate, but also of low latitude setting.
ResultsIn this study, 33 species with relatively well to moderately preservation were identified in the Rumeshtik section. The studied sediments belong to the zones CC3-CC5 of Sissingh (1977). These biozones attribution allow us to access an age of Late Valanginian- Late Hauterivian for the studied section. Index calcareous nannofossil species at the studied sediments indicate that the basin for deposition of these sediments located in low latitude with warm temperature.

Meningitis is a life-threatening disease in children, and rapid diagnosis and
differentiation of bacterial from viral causes has important roles in its prognosis. The aim of this study
was to differentiate bacterial from viral meningitis by leukocyte adhesiveness aggregation test (LAAT). In this study, we examined the adhesive properties ofwhite blood cells (WBC)
in the peripheral blood and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) of 24 children (ages: 3 months to 15 years) with
documented bacterial or viral meningitis. Other diagnostic tests, such as WBC counts, blood and CSF
glucose and protein, ESR, and CRP, were measured and compared. The mean percentage of the leukocyte aggregation in the peripheral blood in bacterial meningitis
(7.64 ± 4) was significantly higher than that in nonbacterial meningitis (3.69 ± 4.2, P = 0.02). Thepercentages of the leukocyte aggregation in CSF for bacterial versus nonbacterial meningitis were 0.2 and
0, respectively; this was not significant. The mean hospitalization age (P = 0.01), CSF glucose (P = 0.03),
CSF PMN (P = 0.001), and ESR (P = 0.03) in the bacterial meningitis cases were 10.91 days, 37 mg/dL,
78.8%, and 55.9, respectively, and in the viral meningitis were 7.92 days, 58.9 mg/dL, 35.4%, and 19.3,
respectively. That it was meningitis
Discussion and LAAT in the blood but not in the CSFcandifferentiate bacterial fromnonbacterial meningitis, although there is need for further studies.

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most important causes of mental retardation in children and only if diagnosed early, its complications can be prevented. The worldwide incidence of congenital hypothyroidism is one in 3000-4000 live births but 2.2/1000 in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in Kermanshah during 2006-2010. This was a descriptive–analytical study. All infants that were born in Kermanshah city from 2006 to 2010 were studied. On days 3-5 after birth blood sampled were obtained from their heel and the samples were referred to the Health Center. The concentration of TSH was determined by filter paper, using ELISA method. Data were collected via recorded information in Kermanshah City Health Center and focal hypothyroid physician. 68587 infants were screened with 97% screening rate. The recall rate was 6/3percent.116 children were treated of which 65(56%) of them were males and 51(44%) were female. 28.4 percent of them had positive consanguineous marriage. There was statistically significant correlation between the TSH level and consanguineous marriage. The incidence of CH was 169 per 100000 live birth. Because the incidence of CH is higher than that of the global rates, continuation and strengthening of newborn screening programs should be considered as a health priority.

In this study, calcareous nannofossils at the boundary between Tirgan and Sarcheshmeh Formations at Taherabad and Mozduran sections have been studied. These sections are located in the eastern Kopet-Dagh Basin. 22 Nannoplankton species of 14 genera in Taherabad section and 20 species of 14 genera in Mozduran section were identified. According to the first occurrence of index species and fossil assemblages of calcareous nannofossil biozone (CC7) of Sissingh (1977), the age of Early Aptian for this boundary in two sections have been recognized. Based on identified calcareous nannofossil and palaeoecological data, boundary of Tirgan-Sarcheshmeh Formations were deposited in relatively shallow marine environment and low-middle latitude.