فهرست مطالب لیلا ریسی

Aging is one of the serious issues of the 14th century in Iran. According to the current trend and organizational forecasts, Iran has entered the old age period and will enter the old age stage in the last one or two decades. Considering the negative effects that aging has on societies, it is necessary to identify the challenges and obstacles of this segment of society to be present in cities in order to provide a basis for planning as an elderly-friendly society/city. . Therefore, and considering the importance of the subject, this study aims to identify the challenges of citizenship for the elderly. The current research is exploratory and the statistical population of the research is made up of experts familiar with the subject, 10 of whom were selected as the statistical sample of the research using the snowball method. Structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) and MICMAC analysis were used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that among the 23 initially identified factors, 14 factors obtained a CVR coefficient above 0.75 in the calculation of content validity and were recognized as the challenges of elderly citizenship. The categorization of challenges showed that the two factors of non-standard living environment and discrimination in providing services are the most key challenges of senior citizens, and solving them can have a great impact on meeting the needs of the elderly and realizing a city that is friendly to the elderly.

Today, medical tourism is growing rapidly and many countries have documented plans for the development and exploitation of this branch of health tourism. As one of the border areas of the country, the city of Ardabil has a favorable climate and of course natural and infrastructure potentials, it is prone to progress in the field of medical tourism, but until now it has not been able to achieve a position commensurate with its properties. In this regard, the aim of this research is to plan the development of medical tourism in Ardabil city. The current research is descriptive-analytical in nature and practical in terms of purpose, and its statistical population consists of experts in the field of medical surgery in Ardabil city, using the snowball method, 10 experts familiar with the subject in Ardabil city, as a sample. Selected research statistics were selected and questioned. Also, strategic management models (SOAR and QFD) have been used to analyze the obtained data. The results of the SOAR matrix indicate that 7 strengths and 6 opportunities have been identified for medical tourism in Ardabil, and in this regard, 3 ideals and 5 results have been compiled. In addition, 5 strategies have been developed to achieve these results and goals. Finally, the prioritization of strategies using the quality house model showed that the strategy of "using competitive advantages (such as the low cost of medical services in Ardabil city) in line with the development of medical infrastructure and diversification of related services", is the most important strategy for the development of medical tourism in Ardabil. The result is that the three pillars, the medical community, officials and financial resources, which happened to be the basic needs of this research, are the most important factors in the development of medical tourism in Ardabil city.

In contemporary Arabic language, the auricular exclamatory styles are more widely used and diversecompared to the deductive styles but still less attention has been paid to them; and the researchers are unaware that this type of structures can follow the determined structures. This matter along with the diverse use of this type of sentences in Arabic language and its equivalent finding in Persian language are the reasons for the importance of the present study. Moreover, it seems that there are similarities and differences between the structure of these sentences as well as their equivalence in the language of speech and writing. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and introduce the structure of these sentences in order to find an appropriate answer to this question: what is the difference between the exclamatory styles in the Arabic syntax and what is found in the language of stories and dramas closer to the language of speech. Another question is that: what differences are in the styles used in the writing language for this structure? Reviewing the written grammar books in accordance with the old syntax, shows the attention to the pronunciation and the ignorance of the meaning of words. Of course, new studies have been targeted on semantic implications and the production of meaning. By taking advantage of linguistic achievements in syntax and rhetoric, they have tried to consider sentences and to investigate the vocabulary in the combinations of sentence and/or the style of the text. Therefore, based on Jorjanii, they have expanded the context of studying to the syntax to insert the stylish and structural meaning into that. Based on these studies, it can be concluded that, in contemporary Arabic language, the auricular styles are more applicable in comparison to the deductive styles; and a special order can be considered for them in such a way that using the auricular word to refer to them is not appropriate. Old rhetoric in Arabic language also has used “exclamation” as secondary meanings of sentences in numerous lexical compounds which are beyond the syntactic principle. Although this a partial study. According to them, “exclamatory” is a rhetorical concept arising from the order of the compounds, certain terms and specific expressions. Today, scholars interested rhetoric into the framework of the text style and by using the linguistic achievements have investigated this structure in the inspirational and declarative sentences. After conducting these studies, we investigated the matter that emotional sentences, and especially exclamatory sentences, are widely used in both speaking and writing languages. Accordingly, this study is based on the classification of 460 exclamatory sentences in two books including “Al-Shams Phi Yaum Ghaem” –that is closed to the speech language– and “Zahrat al-Omr” –that is based on the written language. The purpose of this study is to describe auricular exclamatory sentences and then to investigate the contrast between the Persian language and Arabic language. Moreover, to find equivalents, create and use them in the speaking and writing of the languages to be investigated; so that the similarities and differences of them can be found. The spoken language is closer to the affection, and based on its style, it is necessary to be used in shorter length, with more feelings, emotions, emphasis and exclamation in comparison with the written language. Their combined meaning can be detected only if the word and/or the phrases to are inserted in the particular style of the text. We thought the variety of these sentences in the speaking language is more, but a review on the selected 190 sentences suggested that this is not true. The results show that the harmony and style play the most important roles in recognizing the structure of the spoken language. Wishing, swearing, relying, emphasizing, using proverbs and slangs are used a lot. In finding equivalents –especially in the spoken language– the word “that” plays an important role. It seems that in the written Arabic language, most of these sentences are used with profound making; and in the Persian language often the equivalents are found by superficial making. This matter is seen more in the speaking language. In the review of the written language, 270 sentences were also examined. The important issue in this regard is the role of affirmation words and styles in the emotional sentences allocating most statistics to themselves. In the written language, the emphasis made sentences have a more significant role; and more diversity is seen in them. In the meantime, the sentences implicating quantity as well as comparison, negative and emphasizing styles that sometimes are seen in the format of negative declarative sentences such as exclusive, exception, contrast and inconsistency styles are important as well.