فهرست مطالب لیلا ولی زاده

Women with breast cancer who have children may change the way they play their mothering role due to the enormous burden of this disease. Therefore, this study was aimed to explain the process of fulfilling the mothering role in breast cancer patients.

This qualitative study was conducted with a grounded theory approach. Participants included women with breast cancer who had children less than 16 years of age and participated in the study using purposive theoretical sampling. A total number of 23 mothers, 4 children, 2 spouses, and 2 healthcare providers were interviewed. Data collection method included in-depth and face-to-face unstructured interviews until achieving data saturation. Interviews were conducted between May 2018 and January 2019. The study settings were the Oncology Center of Shahid Ghazi Tabatabai at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences and Reyhaneh Charity in Ardabil. Data were analyzed using the Corbin and Strauss (2008) approach.

In the contextual data analysis, four main categories “physical limiters of the role”, “psychological burden of the disease”, “perceived children’s consequences of the mother”, and "supports: being with and for mother” were identified. Three main strategies including “self-preparation”, “role reorganization” and “personal and family reorganization” were used to achieve the “redefined mothering role stability” outcome. Accordingly, the core variable of the study was “supervisory participatory model" in playing the mothering role. Using the share/monitoring mechanism, they were trying to regain their mothering role and were able to continue it as a new normal mother by formulating a participatory regulatory model.

Mothers increased the ability to respond their mothering role self-expectations, applying the participatory regulatory model, with the support of role alternatives and gradual liberation from dependence on others. Therefore, identifying this model and the applied strategies can help health care professionals support, advise and educate mothers and families to help them fulfill their mothering role.

Considering the importance of a community health nursing master's program in providing effective health services and promoting community health, it is necessary to compare educational programs to examine and identify the strengths and weaknesses of educational programs in nursing. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the educational program of the master's degree program in community health nursing at the nursing school of Iran and the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF).

This comparative descriptive study was conducted at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2023. The educational program for the master's degree in community health nursing approved by the Iranian Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education and UCSF University were extracted from the relevant sites and described, interpreted, compared, and analyzed using the Bereday four-stage model.

The community health nursing degree at UCSF was offered in two sub-fields (health policy and advanced community health nursing). The strategies, educational techniques, and students' roles were similar in Iran and UCSF. The definition of the major, the way of admission, philosophy, vision, mission, objectives, and titles of the courses were different.

The master's degree in community health nursing has been presented more fully and follows society's needs according to the university's mission and goal in the U.S.A. One of the most important strengths of the program at USCF was the training of leaders through the roles of the graduates to make policies and lead programs to promote and maintain health, equality, justice, and part-time educational conditions. Therefore, we should strengthen the strengths and correct the weaknesses based on the experiences of developed countries and the context of our country's society.

Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the academic program and dealing with comparative studies can provide practical suggestions to the compilers of the educational programs so that they can develop or modify the educational program with a broader perspective. This study has been done with the purpose of descriptive and comparative comparison of the undergraduate nursing curriculum in Iran and the University of Copenhagen, Denmark and to provide suggestions for completing and improving the quality of the program.

In this descriptive-adaptive study, two educational programs were described, interpreted, juxtaposed, compared, and analyzed using Bereday's four-stage model.

Nursing education in Iran has a long history. The nursing bachelor's program in Copenhagen, Denmark, is shorter than in Iran. The overall structure of the educational program of both courses is theoretical and clinical. In the educational program of Copenhagen, Denmark, to create a positive learning environment to acquire the cultural competence necessary to work in this profession, interprofessional interaction, internationalization, the ability to make independent clinical decisions in different situations, teamwork, and the development of nursing profession with a focus on technological developments has received more attention. Due to health tourism programs and the diversity of different ethnicities in Iran, less attention has been paid to preparing graduates to provide healthcare services for a multicultural society in order to provide appropriate community services.

Knowledge of the strengths and educational experiences of Copenhagen University in Denmark can be helpful in improving the quality of nursing education in Iran. As a result, in this regard, it is suggested to pay attention to cultural competence, interprofessional interaction, group work, and educational development in line with technological developments, while reviewing the curriculum in terms of content.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, nursing researchers have conducted various studies on different dimensions of this disease. Therefore, recognizing and evaluating research and scientific activities is very necessary for research planning and policy making. The present study was conducted to investigate the topics of approved nursing research projects on the subject of coronavirus in Iran.

This study is a scoping review based on the five steps proposed by Arksey and O'Malley (2005), including identifying and determining research questions, identifying relevant studies, selecting studies, tabulating data, summarizing, and reporting. The results were conducted between 2019 and 2021.

The results showed that the largest number of approved research projects were related to the patients with Corona and their families, as well as nurses and health care providers. In this field, the studies were mostly focused on psychological issues such as anxiety, death, stress, and depression. In the field of patient and family, it is necessary to investigate the development of nursing care models and theories as well as the relevance of nursing theories and their effect on nursing care of patients with covid-19 so that, we could be able to improve the quality of care by applying nursing theories in the nursing process of caring for patients with Covid-19. In the field of nurses and care providers, it is necessary to conduct more studies on nurses' willingness to provide care for patients with infectious diseases, and examine nurses’ competence in caring for patients with infectious diseases, including Covid-19. Fewer studies have been conducted in the field of nursing students and faculty members, as well as healthcare service provider systems. In this area, most research was related to the quality of virtual education, the strengths and weaknesses of this educational method, and the faculty members’ ability to use them. E-learning may affect students' health and academic outcomes; hence further research is needed. In the field of healthcare service provider systems, it is necessary to conduct more research on human resource management. It is also necessary to design innovative strategic models to provide human resources.

The results of the present research can help nursing researchers, professors and faculty members, managers and policy makers of the nursing profession in identifying more and faster research topics needed and in line with research priorities, and therefore lead to the increase of the growing body of knowledge about the Corona issue.

Increasing the number of elderly people in the world is affecting the need for elderly health care providers. Nurses are one of the most important providers of health care to this group. In Iran, the master's degree program in gerontological nursing has been established and trained students during the last decade. Evaluation in the curriculum is one of the most important ways to improve it. Comparative studies are an effective method of identifying strengths and weaknesses. The aim of this study was to conduct a comparative study of the master's degree program in gerontological nursing offered at Universities of Medical Sciences in Iran and the University of Pennsylvania.

Methods & Materials:

 In this descriptive-comparative study in 2021, information related to the master of gerontological nursing education program was obtained using the keywords of comparative study, curriculum, master's degree, gerontological nursing, Iran, University of Pennsylvania. The data were analyzed using Bereday's model in four stages of description, interpretation, juxtaposition and comparison.

The results showed that the University of Pennsylvania, considering the scope of the elderly care, offers a master's degree in nursing in both acute and primary care programs, But in Iran, two types of care are offered in one program. The University of Pennsylvania, unlike most Iranian institutions, employs specialist instructors in the field of gerontology and has nursing centers for direct student work with the elderly. Students entry to Pennsylvania is assessed by various criteria, but in Iran, the entrance exam is the only admission criterion. Courses offered and resources used in Iran are generally taken from Western countries; Unlike in Pennsylvania, the country's cultural, indigenous, and demographic needs have not been addressed. The job status of graduates in Iran, unlike in Pennsylvania, is clearly stated.

The Master of gerontological nursing program in Iran is being successfully presented by institutions. In order to improve the situation by considering issues such as the principles of student enrollment, the presence of a teacher familiar with the field of gerontology, the existence of a suitable clinical environment, attention to cultural, indigenous and demographic issues in the course structure and attracting graduates to appropriate jobs, the provision of services by nurses to the elderly community can be affected.

Women with breast cancer often experience alterations in their mothering roles both because of the disease and the reduced ability for child care. However, many women with breast cancer try to play their mothering roles as they did before the disease. This study aimed to discover the strategies used by Iranian women with breast cancer to manage their mothering roles in the process of the disease and survival.

 A qualitative content analysis study was conducted on 23 mothers with breast cancer. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and a conventional content analysis method was used to analyze the data simultaneously with data collection.

 Totally 1200 non-duplicate codes were extracted from the data and were categorized into four categories. Self-preparation was the first category and included three subcategories, namely, self-awareness for regaining the role, psychological mobilization to continue the role, and seeking informational support. Role reorganizing was the second category and had two subcategories, namely assigning to alternate people, and modifications of maternal duties. Self- and family-reconstruction was the third category and included three subcategories of energy conservation, communication development, and child protection. Playing a participatory-supervisory role was the fourth category and had two subcategories of participation and supervision.

Identifying the strategies used to play the mothering role can help health care professionals to support, provide advice, and train the mothers with breast cancer and their families. It also helps mothers to play their mothering role during the disease.

Structured description of pediatric medical emergencies requires the assessment and classification of underlying factors. The aim of study was to investigate frequency of predisposing factors for the entry of foreign bodies (FB) in the ear, ingestion and aspiration in children under five years in Tabriz.

Methods & Materials: 

This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted through convenience sampling (n=245) in the ENT and emergency departments and the clinic of childrenchr('39')s hospital in Tabriz, from March 2019 to June 2019. A researcher-made tool including the demographic characteristics form and questionnaire on predisposing factors was used to collect the data. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software version 21 through descriptive statistics.

There were 137 (55.9%) cases of  FB aspiration into the airways (upper and lower), and the highest was related to nose. FB in ear was 19.6% and in stomach was 19.2%. Clinical manifestations were pain (50.2%), no clinical signs (29.4%), and the rest were bleeding with pain, cough, shortness of breath, suffocation, wheezing, nausea, and vomiting. The place of event was at home (in living room) and in the evening and night time. FB types included objects, food stuff/snacks/nuts, beans and fruit cores, and toy pieces, and it is most likely to be seed, toy pieces, nuts, shirt buttons, and rosary beads.

Parental, child-related, and environmental predisposing factors were reported. Therefore, future studies are suggested to evaluate the contribution of each of three factors and to implement necessary educational, notification, and interventional measures.

Cognitive ability is an important criterion in selecting a nursing student, but unfortunately, this criterion is not considered among nursing applicants. There is a lack of clarity about the components which would signify appropriate cognitive abilities among nursing student candidates. This study was conducted to identify such components based on the experiences of clinical nurses and nursing instructors.

This qualitative research was conducted using conventional content analysis approach. Participants were 25 nurses and nursing instructors. They were selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected in audio-recorded and transcribed semi-structured interviews and were analyzed using MAXQDA10 software.

Analysis revealed three main categories and seven subcategories: having a deep insight into challenging situations (Investigating the root causes of problems, the ability to analyze a situation), mind organizing (Conscious attention, Maintaining the mental focus, Time management and work prioritization), and speed of mental processing (Fast operation along with accuracy, Quick perception).

This study identified core components for future investigations into the cognitive ability of nursing applicants. Findings of this study can be used by nursing education institutions to develop their current methods to assess the cognitive ability of nursing applicants in the student selection process.

One of the best and most effective ways to care and prevent adverse effects in premature infants is to actively engage mothers in caring for an infant. The present study aims at investigating the relationship between Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) and neonatal outcomes.

This descriptive study was 600 infants and mothers. This study used the convenience sampling method. All mothers were taught the importance of KMC referred to the ward on the first day. The data collection tool was a researcher-made self-made questionnaire including demographic information of neonate, mother, and neonatal outcomes. Finally, the data were given to the software SPSS16, mothers were divided for Presence into two groups (more than twice (330 people) and at most once into two (270 people)).

There was no difference between the demographic variables in the two groups. Concerning the neonatal outcomes such as the frequency of KMC, neonate weight gain, neonate hospitalization period, re-hospitalization, neonate’s need for oxygen therapy, sepsis, neonate’s oxygen dependency, and hypoglycemia decreased in group 1 significantly compared to group 2. There was no significant difference between the two groups of neonates regarding the incidence of IVH and jaundice neonatal.

Encouraging mothers to engage in the process of KMC leads to potentially positive and actual effects on premature infants admitted to NICU.

  The recent COVID-19 pandemic, there have been many concerns about the transmission of the virus from mother to newborn. This is more important due to the management of breastfeeding. This study aimed to review the latest studies on newborns breastfeeding in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods and Materials: This is a review study. In this study, articles about newborns breastfeeding in COVID-19 pandemic of published from December 2019  to May 2020 were selected via a search into the electronic databases of SID, PubMed, Scopus, Direct Science, Google Scholar, Ovid, MagIran, using the key ward of new coronavirus, COVID-19, breast milk, breastfeeding.   

In this paper, the principles of publication ethics were considered.

The results of this study showed that, So far, there is no evidence of a new coronavirus in breast milk or transmission of COVID-19 through breastfeeding, all mothers with confirmed or suspected COVID-19, should continue to breastfeed in accordance with the principles of hygiene and respiratory precaution.

Breastfeeding protects the baby against infectious diseases. It should be noted that studies on the absence of the coronavirus in breast milk are very limited, this study describes breastfeeding the current state of COVID-19. While there are still many unknowns of this emerging disease Therefore, more studies are needed to manage breastfeeding in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Many nurses face challenges of implementing evidence-based practice as a problem-solving approach in the field of health care. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to summarize and report structurally the results of various studies conducted in this field to identify challenges and strategies for implementing evidence-based practice in nursing to develop effective and efficient guidelines.

In this systematic review study, using the internal database: Magiran, SID, Iranmedex and foreign: CINAHL, ProQuest, Ovid, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar all articles published in Iran in 2010 to 2020 in the field of Evidence-based practice were explored. The result of this research was the achievement of 39 articles and a research project related to the subject, which eventually 19 completely related studies are included in the research.

Among the studies reviewed, 3 articles (16%) were published in foreign journals and 16 articles (84%) in domestic journals. The results represent four main concepts include: "Evidence-Based Practice Features", "Evidence-Based Practice Barriers", "Evidence-Based Practice Strategies" and "Evidence-Based Practice Instructions".

According to the results, most nurses are not familiar with the concept of evidence-based practice and there are several barriers in the way of nurses in implementing evidence-based practice. To address the clinical challenges of nursing, health care managers and policymakers should plan to use nursing professors and graduate students with the support of nursing managers to guide nurses in the implementation of evidence-based practice and the development of protocols.

Competency is a core ability to perform nursing responsibilities and has a direct impact on patients' health and safety. In this regard, evaluating, maintaining, and developing nurse competency has become one of the main and important tasks of professional managers. The purpose of the study was to investigate the nurses' competency studies conducted in Iran through an integrated review and analysis of the related challenges.

This integrated review study consisted of five steps, including specifying the review purpose, searching the literature, evaluating data from primary sources, analyzing data, and presenting the results suggested by Knafl & Whittemore. Databases like SID, IranDOC, Scopus, CINAHL, PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect were searched using the keywords of competency, competence, assessment or evaluation of competency. The initial comprehensive search result consisted of 488 articles. After applying inclusion criteria and assessing the articles using the Bowling's Quality Assessment Tool, finally 19 studies were included.

After a thorough evaluation of the articles, results were itemized as following categories: a) Study factors, including concept of competency, evaluation methods, research tools, type of research, type of sampling, study wards and places, b) population factors including the demographic characteristics of the participants, c) the type of intervention designed to promote the competency of nurses, head nurses, and managers, and d) the competency correlation with other concepts. Finally, the related challenges were identified.

Competency as a vital feature of nurses should be included in the periodic evaluation of nurses and the continuation of the job must be dependent on obtaining the necessary qualifications. The results show that competency as a concept needs to be examined in-depth and there are some problems and challenges in planning and implementing related studies. It is hoped that findings of this study will be effective in promoting quality of nursing competency studies in Iran.

Based on recommendations from World Health Organization (WHO), hands hygiene is the first step for infection control. The aim of this study was to evaluate knowledge and performance of mothers about hands hygiene in NICU.

This was a cross-sectional study. Participants included 132 mothers with preterm newborns hospitalized in NICU of Al-Zahra teaching hospital, affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Data was collected by two questionnaires for demographics and knowledge on hand hygiene and checklist to evaluate the techniques of hand washing as recommended by WHO. The results were analyzed by SPSS, V19.

The results of the present study showed that the majority of mothers considered that the frequent visits to the cause of infection and they stated that only reason for hand washing is dirty hands. Most of them only rubbed their hands together, in the process of washing hands and they did not follow the stages of hand washing as recommended by WHO.

The results of this study showed that maternal knowledge and performance in hand hygiene were not acceptable. Considering the developmental of family center care and involving mothers in the care of their infants, it's essential to pay attention to the mothers hand hygiene. By identifying the gap of between the standards and the actual performance, the opportunities for promotion and training are provided to them, until unknowingly and unwittingly, they do not transmit the infection to their infants.

Patient participation is an important component of the patient-centered care approach and part of patients’ rights, with positive outcomes for the health care system. The aim of this study was to explore the nurses' experiences of patient participation in nursing care and its related factors.

Methods & Materials: 

This qualitative study was carried out with the participation of 18 nurses working in educational hospitals of Tabriz in 2019. The purposeful sampling through semi-structured interviews and focus group sessions was used to collect the data. Data analysis was performed using conventional content analysis. To achieve the accuracy of the data, the Lincoln and Guba criteria were used.

Analysis of the data resulted in four main categories "giving information, decision-making, collaboration and respect". The patient’s participation from the nurses’ perspectives was: an interactive process of decision-making and collaboration between the nurse and the patient with the exchange of information, respect, and permission from the patient. The results also included the prerequisites, domains, outcomes, barriers, and solutions for patient participation in nursing care.

Patient participation today is considered the legal right of the patient and also the gold standard of international health care systems. So nurses, health system policy makers, patients and academic centers can use these results to improve patient participation in the care.

The purpose of this research was to identify and analyze the competences of the managers of child care centers. In recent years,childhood and its significance have been addressed by scientists from all fields of science and have shown the impact of care quality and education of early childhood in all aspects of the individual and social life; this has led to the policymakers paying special attention to childhood. One of these policies is to select and train effective managers in line with the objectives of academic education, government policies and the social environment governing the care and education of children, Too this endeavor may also meet the needs of families and society. However staff of child care centers need training in modern management which requires that managers should have the required knowledge and skills needed for the successful management of child care.

This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and Delphi method. The statistical society consisted of two parts: (1). International databases and magazines, national laws and regulations on the management of child care and education centers. (2). Professors and experts who have knowledge and information in this field were contacted, and their ideas were used to extract the components and concepts. First, the information needed to extract the components and competency components of the managers of child care and education centers was studied using theoretical literature and international research, bearing an the subject. Subsequently, In order to complement the extracted codes, by invoking the experts help components and subcomponent of the child-centers managers, componences were pinned down using Delphi method in three stages. the components and codes of competencies of the managers of child care and education centers were extracted from related documents and related texts. After three steps of the Delphi method and reconnection to the experts, the components and codes were recognized and approved.

Finally 43 subcomponents and four main components were extracted. the foure main components regarding the competencies of child care centers managers were: knowledge, personality tracts, personal abilities and skills.Kindergarten administrators, as responsible for all internal affairs of kindergarten, should have special, human and moral measures for caring and development of all children. Activities that go even beyond the home of kindergarten. In order to achieve this level of education in the field of daycare, it is essential to gain the skills, personality, knowledge and ability of the managers of these centers.

Given the importance of care centers in helping with the children’s developmental processes, the management style and model employed therein becomes crucial in terms of its effectiveness. To define a framework for effective management in child care centers, a set of 163 articles/documents was reviewed and 55 of them, meeting the predetermined criteria, were identified. By synthesizing the findings of these studies 11 components along with 175 factors were discovered. These included internal factors such as the teacher and the administrator, as well as external factors like governmental system, general culture, and universities. The impact indices of all factors was determined in order to present a conceptual framework for effective management of a child care center. From among internal factors managerial skills, and from among external ones, governmental support were identified as the most important. Thus, it is recommended that the certifying agencies and the university community pay closer attention to these factors in order to improve the quality of these centers.

Divine trial is one of the most central themes of the Qur'an with the philosophy of man's evolution, divine blessing and return of man to God. The birth of a premature infant is a special experience for mothers and they arefaced with numerous care challenges. The purpose of this study was to explain the experiences of mothers in managing the premature infant's birth. The present qualitative study was conducted with a content analysis approach. The data collection process included 18 semi-structured and in-depth interviews with the mothers of infants born prematurely during 2012-2013 in four neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) affiliated with academic centers in Iran. All interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim and finally analyzed using a conventional content analysis. Robustness of data analysis was evaluated by participants and external control. Data analysis led to the extraction of the "finding meaning in life" category. This category has been revealed in mothers with subcategories of "change in understanding of spirituality, change in understanding of the philosophy of life and change in self-perception". Mothers of premature infants attained a certain degree of spiritual growth at different times of premature infant growth. They believed that the birth of a premature baby was worthy of divine favor and an indication of the blessing of Allah. These beliefs became the basis of acceptance of difficulties and challenges.

Career success as an important concept, is associated with many professional and work outcomes such as error and absenteeism. Despite the importance of success in career, this concept is not clearly recognized in nursing. This study aimed to determine the predictive factors of nurses' career success. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 530 nurses working in educational hospitals of Tabriz in 2017. Random cluster sampling was performed and the data was collected using demographic and nurses' career success scale. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression test in SPSS-21. The mean and standard deviation of nurses' success score was 139.14 ± 12.82 (range= 39-195). According to the results of the regression, kind of the ward and documented incentive predicted 13.5% of the variance of career success. According to the results, variables that indicate horizontal improvement and capacity enhancement can play a role in nursing career success. Also, since this study is one of the first studies in the field of nurses' career success, the results of this study can be used as a guide for nursing managers and nursing instructors in order to improve the position and success of nursing profession.

Educational program is a plan that includes policies, goals, strategies and action plans for the development of a system or educational institution within a given time frame that implements and evaluates the methods and resources needed to realize policies and goals therein forecasted. Comparing the educational programs of universities, and identifying the strengths and weakness of the current nursing curriculum make it possible to develop highly skilled learners and achieve the goals of the program. This descriptive-comparative study was conducted in 2018. Comparison was made based on Bereday pattern, and this pattern included four stages of description, interpretation, adjacent, and comparison. Both countries have mission, vision and philosophy in accordance with the basic principles of strategic planning. We believe that by extending the knowledge boundaries of international high-profile countries, Australia wants to be an innovator in education and to become a global leader in research. The admission of the nominee is based on the individual's interest and attention to the individual's employment in the emergency department instead of exam. The variety and flexibility of the curriculum, and the definition of job positions in accordance with the units that have been completed, can lead to improved nursing care in this filed. Review and attention for modifying and using the experiences of leading universities is recommended.