ماه منیر دانش

Despite that hysterectomy is the second gynecological surgery and providing the necessary information about this surgery will help womenchr('39')s positive perceptions of health care experiences, there is no comprehensive tool for examining the educational needs of women with hysterectomy. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of designing and psychometric evaluation of the womenchr('39')s educational needs questionnaire after hysterectomy.

The initial version of the questionnaire of this methodological study was compiled by deductive and comprehensive overview of related resources considering the point of view of a group of specialists and women with hysterectomy history. The face and content validity of both qualitative and quantitative data and reliability of the questionnaire in the dimension of internal consistency and then the repeatability were examined.

  Developing the questionnaire for womenchr('39')s educational needs after hysterectomy and psychometrics led to the formation of a questionnaire for womenchr('39')s educational needs after hysterectomy with 44 questions and in 5 dimensions: physical, mental, sexual, care and other needs. The CVR index for all items in the questionnaire except for one item was above the Lawshe table criterion, which indicated the importance and necessity of each item. The CVI for each item was above 0.79 and was therefore considered appropriate. Also, the reliability of the instrument in terms of internal coherence by examining the Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient for the whole instrument was 0.90. Measurement of the repeatability index at two-week intervals showed that the instrument was stable (ICC= 0.97, P<0.001).

The Hysterectomy Womenchr('39')s Educational Needs Questionnaire is valid and reliable. It can be used by public health researchers and health system policy makers to provide patient-centered health services based on the needs and priorities of patients.

Background and Pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the abnormalities associated with pre-menstrual cycles. Approximately 85% to 97% of women are suffering from psycho-somatic of physiological and behavioral symptoms from PMS, prior to menstruation. The most common PMS symptoms include: flatulence, stress anxiety, breast tenderness, depression, fatigue, unknown irritability, anger, poor concentration, and some degree in extremities edema. There are several therapeutic methods for PMS such as: oral contraceptive pills, GnRH antagonisms, diazole, use of Calcium and vitamin supplements, and dietary modification in which there is a controversy regarding type of diet. We assessed the effect of third- hour starch dietary regimen on pre-menstrual syndrome among high school students. This randomized quasi- experimental study was performed on students in grade 2 and 3 in Private and Governmental high schools in Sari. The sample size was calculated using randomize numbers table (478 participants). A questionnaire composed of two parts was prepared. The first part included demographic characteristics, while the second part consisted of data related to history of menstrual cycle, pervious diseases and use of drugs. The symptoms of PMS were assessed at the beginning of the study and also at the end of the first, second and third month after beginning of the third-hours starch regimen. Data was gathered by self-reporting technique, analyzed by descriptive and comprehensive statistical techniques. The age range of participants was 14 to 19 years of age (16.89±1.12). The mean of menstrual cycle was 28.87±2.1 days, and the mean of menstrual duration was 6.32±1.8. PMS symptoms score was 12.85±8.01 prior to dietary regimen, and at the end of one, two and three months, following dietary regimen in-take were 11.03±7.59, 12.47±7.79 and 11.13±6.71 respectively. This study indicated that there was significant differences among the groups. The results of this study revealed that carbohydrate-rich diet in-take can improve PMS symptoms. Therefore, it appears that codified teaching programs via medical health service and instruction to the students, is beneficial about the effects of diet on relieving PMS symptoms, and can reduce the usage of drugs during menstrual cycle.

Background and Since bleeding due to prolongation of the third stage of labor is one of the most common causes of mortality in the developing countries, we decided to conduct a comparative study on the effects of normal saline injection into umbilical vein on the shortening of the third stage of labor. This study was an experimental scientific research in order to compare the effects of different dosages of intraumblical venous injection of normal saline on the third stage of labor in women who admitted to lmam hospital in Sari. A total of 120 matched pregnant women who had normal delivery without any complications were divided into three equal groups of 40 subjects in each. Twenty and 30 ml normal saline was administered to groups 1 and 2, and the third group was considered as control. In control group the third stage of labor was accomplished without any intervention. This research showed that the injection of 20 or 30 ml normal saline intravenously into the umbilical cord shortened the duration of labor. Also the length of the third stage of labor with the injection of 30 ml normal saline was shorter than that in 20 ml normal saline group but this difference was not statistically significant. The results of our study suggest a clinically important beneficial effect of intraumblical normal saline injection in the treatment of retained placenta.

Background and The rate of infertility is estimated 12-21% in Iranian couples. Cooperation of couples is needed for treatment. One potential risk factor for the development of marital problems is difference between partners in their approach to infertility. The aim of this study was to know the infertile couple's approach to infertility and marital adjustment. In this cross sectional study, 160 infertile couples reffering to Royan infertility center of Tehran were enrroled. The data concerning the infertility approach and marital adjustment were recorded in, Copper Smith self esteem and Dyadic adjustment scale (DAS) questionaire. SPSS soft ware was used for the ststistical analysis of the data. Findings showed that having children was very important to both husbands and wives and both involved in and wanted to talk about trying to have a baby. There was no difference between self esteem and marital adjustment in men and women. There was ststistically significant difference between approach to infertility and marital adjustment in both husbands and wives. Husbands’ and wives’ approach to infertility and marital adjustment can be used by psychologists in evaluation of infertile couples. Increase of couple interest and involvement in infertility treatment may lead to positive change in couples communication about infertility and to a more positive effect of infertility on the marriage.

Background and Ïn this Dysmenorrhea is one of the main causes of girls and women visiting the gynecology clinics. Ëxperimental and double blind study the effect of vitagnus in treatment of primary dysmenorrhea was determined in students of Mazandaran Üniversity of Medical Sciences. During this investigation 60 students suffering from primary dysmenorrhea, were randomly divided in two grups as case and control. Ëach group was given 40 drops of vitagnus or placebo for three months. Three questionairs were used for collection of data. Çonclusion: The results showed that the severity of pain reduced to 70% in the case group, so we are recommended to case vitagnus as an effective drug for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.

This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and pertaining contributors of postpartum depression (PD) in clients referring to the Health Care Centers in Sari city, Iran. 422 pregnant women at their third trimester referred to ten antenatal care units from Feb. 2001 to Aug. 2002. Mothers were further followed up 6-8 weeks after childbirth. The data was collec- ted using Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS), short form of Spielberger’s State Anxiety Inventory, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) and a demographic questionnaire. According to the EPDS the prevalence of PD was 22% (n=92) during 6-8 weeks after de- livery. Also, 30% of the mothers were depressed during the third trimester of pregnancy. Based on the GHQ data analysis, 37% (n=157) and 31% (n=132) of the samples were suspected to have a psychiatric morbidity in the third trimester and 6-8 weeks postpartum, respectively. There was a significant relationship between postpartum depression and stressful life events, family support, baby’s health problems, perceived ability to nurse the baby, and the problems at delivery. The prevalence of depression and psychiatric disorders are higher during pregnancy and decrease postpartum.