مجتبی بیات

Since 1989, Tehran city management has had extensive and different experiences in the social and cultural fields. The extent to which these experiences and cultural policy-making have been aligned with the cultural issues of the city and urban management is a question that this article seeks to address. Based on the initial ideas of the article, the cultural policy agenda is not in line with the cultural issues of the city and urban management of Tehran and has a disorder. This issue has been followed by analyzing and reconstructing the history of actions and structures involved in shaping urban cultural policy.In response to the question of article, Bourdieu's three levels of analysis which are the relationship between the policy field and the power field, the relationship between field agents and the habitus of field agents and effective streams on agenda setting, including issue formation, policy, politics, strategic evaluation and Possible choices, prioritization and ideology; Has been studied. For this purpose, the data of semi-standard interviews with 15 urban policy maker in the years 1990 to 2017 have been coded and thematic analysis.Based on the 39 main themes of the interviews, the habitus of the agents of the urban cultural policy-making field, the current of ideology, the political current and changes and the greed’s of the broad field of power as influential factors in the subject of urban cultural policy have continued throughout the three decades. This effect is considered as weakness of urban management independence and formal and informal institutional mechanisms for setting agenda.

Due to the current situation in Iran and the existence of currency problems in transferring currency from Iran to other countries, the need to identify the appropriate international payment method in the face of sanctions, as a social responsibility has become more necessary for the country's Banking system. In this article, it has been tried to choose the most suitable international payment method focusing on foreign brokers in Iran's Banking system, so that in addition to fulfilling the social mission of Banks, the best advice can be provided to corporate clients with a social marketing approach.This research is a combination of library studies and interviews with experts in terms of practical purpose and data gathering. It is also a method of gathering library and field information. Data gathering tool after discovering the dimensions of the research through in-depth interviews with experts was a questionnaire that was designed with 24 questions researcher's made and after proving its validity and reliability among the research population (32 experts in the Iranian Banking system). This questionnaire was designed to research four main hypotheses in terms of "open account", "Advanced-Payment", "Collections" and "letter of credit" in order to select the best international payment method . The results of using some non-parametric tests showed that foreign brokerages of the Banking system only tend to use the two methods of "open account" and "Advanced-payment", which the use of "open account" is more than the "advance-payment" method. Finally, suggestions were made to managers in the field of staff-training.

Nowadays, in the banking industry, paying attention to the needs of customers in different sectors is one of the strategies of international banks such as Marilynch, Citigroup and HSBS. the Bank will absorb more resources. Due to the similarity of banking services and the rate of facilities and interest on Bank deposits for Bank customers, customer loyalty, especially corporate customers, requires attention to social marketing along with corporate banking.In this study, according to previous researches that existed in Science Direct database from the beginning of 2021, using the Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative research, which was a combination of previous research and expert's interview in the field of corporate banking and social marketing, to qualitatively explain the dynamic corporate Banking model, was based on new Banking technologies & social marketing was also considered. Finally, the model was designed in four dimensions and fifteen components, which are technological factors, corporate social responsibility factors, factors beyond the bank's control, and finally New banking practices were important. Due to the dynamics of the model, banks should have fifteen components including financial technology, financial technology lending, crowdfunding, cultural factors, political factors, social factors, economic factors, green marketing, disclosure of financial content in accordance with legislation, Justice in the payment of banking facilities to companies, attention to shadow banking, offshore banking, open banking, digital banking and decentralized banking according to the internal structure and internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as opportunities and environmental threats under consideration redesign and use this Model.

The purpose of this study is to identify the roots of cultural policy making in the IRI. Having a historical approach this article has used a thematic content analysis with a “content coding technique” to review the works of three Islamic revolutionary scholars whose views have been frequent reference to many cultural policy makers before and after the revolution. In this regard there have been “thirty headlines” identified as policy making headings which are divided into: ten headlines from Ali Shariati’s book called “Returns”, eight headlines from "The Future of the Islamic Revolution" a book by Morteza Motahari, and twelve headlines from a series of Seyyed Ahmad Fardid’s lectures, titled as "Hereafter Conquest and Meetings of Farahi". According to the results of this research, the sharing feature of these three views, albeit from different origins of ideas, is the two following lines "Confrontation with Being Westernized" and "the Priority of Reform, and the Development of Thought and Culture". Another result of this research indicates the influence of the document "Principles of cultural policy of the country" through the views of these scholars. At the end of this article, it is claimed that the Islamic Republic of Iran's cultural policies, both elective and compound, are rooted in the cultural theorists of the revolution, and it cannot be accepted that the Islamic Republic of Iran, in its forty-year lifetime, departed from the first designed cultural principles. It is a form of early thought that has been recognized and formed as normal

Cultural policy is an interdisciplinary field that is relevant to public policy on the one hand and has a social approach on the other hand, and can be studied at the municipal level. The issue raised in this paper is the formation of the concept, which has not been addressed in scientific sources. In other countries, municipalities are constantly working on cultural policies and plans. Tehran municipal management has also put this issue on its agenda. The lack of a concept of municipal cultural policy has led to some confusion among scholars in light of the plans offered by the municipality. This paper details not only the formation of this concept, but also its expression. Documents examined include reports such as research reports, statistical reports, press reports, and city rules and regulations. The creation of the original concept of urban cultural concepts can be evaluated in terms of eight different types: Idea promotion and stabilization, urban development, per capita income promotion, public space development, time policy, cultural industry, civic education, and urban indication. Analyzing the experiments carried out from 1989 to 2017 in four different construction phases, the reformist, the developmentalist and the fundamentalist, it was found that four more agendas must be added to the previous ones, including creation of structures and organizations for cultural management, networking and social vitality, leisure and support for cultural institutions.

Changes in the quality of life are portrait of Human development. Based on Inglehart and Welzel comprehensive approach to human development, the concept includes three dimensions of socio-economic, cultural modernization and democratization of the society. The present study aims at elaborating on the situation of cultural modernization in the villages at transition and responding to the question of: "whether these groups of villages, which enjoy relatively of a higher level of socio-economic development, have experienced cultural modernization or not?

Cultural modernization is measured by three variables of individualism, secularization and scientific orientation. The study is conducted through a combination of quantitative techniques (survey, review of literature and questionnaire) and qualitative methods. For the analysis of data, technique of in-depth interviews with respondents has been applied to grasp a better understanding of their responses.

The findings show; in the processes of human development inhabitants of villages at transition have experienced cultural modernization, however it has not been an inclusive process of covering multi-dimension of cultural modernization. while, to some extent moral individualism has prevailed among people but the majority have not moved towards secular mentality. Their thought, attitudes and behaviors are dependent on super-natural factors and the influence of religious beliefs is not limited to their private domain of life. Also residents of these types of villages in response to the question of:" why a phenomenon exists or occurs?" have used a paradoxical combination of science and religion in their explanations.

It seems this type of cultural modernization, which its main attribute, is imbalance among three dimension of the concept, reports the historical roots of religious beliefs and its sustainability through the processes of human development and social changes in the villages at transition.

Large cities, including Tehran, have structural effects on urban and rural settlements in their vicinities. Some villages near Tehran exhibit special features due to migration effects and associated patterns of life and work. They have gradually become different from more traditional Iranian villages. Calling these rural settlements “transitional villages” and developing a theoretical-conceptual framework for the migration effects exerted on them, we attempt to understand their social and economic features from a sociological perspective. For this, we benefit from a combined set of documentary and field study methods. Our findings indicate that people have migrated to these villages from Tehran, Tehran’s neighboring towns, or other cities. Although migrants have settled in the villages, they work in Tehran’s manufacturing and service sectors. Therefore we may call them “dormitory villages” as well in light of their different and new life and work patterns.

United Nation Development Program has announced the 20th Human Development Report in 2010. This Report is devoted to rethinking of human development. In this article we review the changes in this concept during the last 20 years and analyze the view points of Mahbub Ul Haq and Amartya Sen. Then we focus on Inglehart and Welzel's ideas that provide explanation of human development process. The research findings show that the concept of human development not only affects the goals and policies of development but also it influences the understanding of development process. However the liner explanations of Inglehart and Welzel from human development do not cover the whole subject. In real world conditions, socioeconomic development, cultural change and democratization are interwoven processes and one cannot say that human development begins with one of them and we believe that interdisciplinary research will be helpful to better understanding of these processes.

child abuse is affected by several factors. The economic situation of the abused child's family is one of them. Poverty, as the lack of capabilities helping people to have a suitable life, plays a great role in defining their economic situations. This article is going to review the influence of some of the obstacles of the human capabilities like the family income, the kind of housing, locality of living and work of the children on child abuse, with a capability poverty approach. This article is an excerpt from the results of a review about child abuse. Here, the results of the previous researches about this issue are presented and reviewed within the framework of the social structure's theory. This theory, to some extent, has succeeded in explaining the relation between the social situation, social problem and crime. It has insisted on the stability of kind of violence culture in between the low-income urban classes. The occurrence of child abuse is affected by capability poverty like family income, the kind of housing, locality of living and the children work. Almost, all the studies on the kind of abuse and neglect on children have confirmed that child abuse is more prevalent among poor families with lower economic condition than other classes. The stresses on people in low economic classes raise the probability of the happening of child abuse much more than middle and high classes. There is a direct relation between the situation of people's house and family capability poverty. In most families with economic capability poverty, the house is rental, small sized, unsuitable, and crowded. The results of the studies confirm that child abuse is more prevalent in families living in such houses. Various studies have shown that in some areas such as low income neighborhoods or suburbs, the prevalence of social problems and crime is more than other localities. This phenomenon has several reasons: First, the people living in the same locality are similar in cultural aspects, ethical disciplines, and beliefs and they are influenced by each other. On the other hand, the outdoor abuses are related to the locality of life of the person and its environmental variations. Researches show that child abuse is more prevalent in mentioned localities. In spite of the laws forbidding the work of children under 15 (79th article of work law in Iran), their existence in the job marketing is noticeable. Although officials have not reported the exact number of employed people between the ages of 9 and 14, the rate between the employed children at the ages of 10 to 14 to the entire population of this age is reported as 2.75 percent. In spite of it, there are many clues for employment of much more children in official and unofficial job marketing. These children are seriously in risk of being abused by adults because there is the least protection and observation at their work location. In poor families, it is impossible or difficult to be met the basic minimum needs of children by their parents. Moreover, because of the priority for obtaining the least income for surviving the family, neglect is significantly more prevalent than middle and high-income families. Poverty as a factor influencing the kind and situation of house can prepare the way for child abuse by the low quality of the house or the feeling of insecurity because of rental housing. All the family living in single room is one of the most potential reasons for sexual abuse. A repeated movement reduces the potential protection in the neighborhood they have lived in for a long time and raises the outdoor risks for children. Poor families are forced to live in less regular areas to spend less on housing. In these neighborhoods there is no urban service. Usually the access to educational and health services is hard or in low quality, so the children are deprived of the least protections. Soon entering to job marketing makes them predisposed to be offended so easily because they do not have the ability to protect themselves from the risks. Finally, although poverty is not the only factor explaining child abuse, from different aspects it is one of the most important ones.