فهرست مطالب مجتبی محمدزاده

In the northern provinces of Iran, especially Mazandaran, Gilan and Golestan provinces, the percentage of landslides is relatively high due to the construction of forest roads. Considering the importance of road maintenance projects during the implementation of the forest respiration plan, it’s necessary to zoning areas suseptble to landslides. Given that the effects of the forest respiration plan were not studied; in this study we investigate the effect of respiration plan on the maintenance projects of forest roads. The purpose of this study is landslide hazard zoning around forest roads by considering the ground control points (GCPs) and modeling the factors affecting the occurrence of landslides around forest roads.

Darabkola forest in the southeast of Sari was selected for this study. First, the factors affecting the occurrence of landslides were identified in the region. Then the layers of slope, slope direction, road network, soil and buffer of distance from road, fault lines and waterways was prepared using the QGIS 3.61 software. Also, GCPs from area suseptble to landslide as well as recently occurred landslides were recorded separately using the GPS device and then digitized in QGIS environment. Prioritization was performed using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and after applying the weight of the layers and reclassification, the final zoning map was obtained.

According to the results, 29.71 and 35.28% of the area have very low and low risk of landslides, respectively. Also, 21.75% of the area has a medium risk, 10.89% of the area equivalent to 289 hectares has a high risk and 2.37% of the area which is equivalent to about 63 hectares of the area has a very high risk of landslides. The results of accuracy of landslide zoning showed that from 29 points recorded as ground control points, 22 of them are located in areas with high and very high landslide risk and only 4 of them are located in areas with moderate landslide risk. Therefore, the results of zoning are consistent with the ground reality with high accuracy and showed less efficiency in only 3 cases. In Darabkola forest, due to the presence of marl bedrock and lack of drainage, several shallow landslides with distances of less than 200 meters along the road have been recorded, which are developing due to lack of management. Also, most of the landslides in the study area observed at a distance of less than 200 meters from waterways. Field visits show that most recorded landslides observed in areas where the road crosses along valleys and or intersects the valleys and due to lack of drainage, it causes multiple landslide along the road.

This study showed that zoning confirms the ground realities. Accoeding to the intersection of roads and waterways in the valleys, Darabkola forest roads need projects related to soil and water conservation. It seems that improving the road drainage and using soil bioengineering methods can help to improve road maintainance and vegetation cover in landslide area.

One of the punishments that has existed in the human community since late is retaliation in kind. The main characteristic of retaliation for damage to functions, is identity of criminal act perpetrated and the retaliation provided as a result of such act. Such retaliation in kind shall not jeopardize the life of the criminal and shall allow sustainment of the equivalent of the crime perpetrated by the criminal. There are cases in which the criminal damages the sight of the eye without damaging the eye. Some Islamic jurists and law experts believe that retaliation in kind is not applicable to such cases and commute the punishment to blood money. Such decision to impose blood money rather than retaliatory destruction of the eye is based on the lack of equivalence and equality between damage to sight and destruction of the eye and also the possibility that loss of the life of the criminal may result. On the other hand, advancements of the field of medicine and related equipment have largely made it possible to execute retaliation in kind using laser as a precise and powerful tool with an important role in ophthalmology. Such retaliation in kind can be executed by the specialists. The necessity of this research lies in the fact that due to street affrays and acid throwing, the damages imposed on the eyes have become very serious, and that because the lack of said equivalence has caused retaliation in kind is not executed for crimes involving eye and the same to be commuted to blood money, although both blood money and retaliation in kind are provided by shariah. Given blood money in such cases is not equivalent to retaliation in kind, and due to lack of the conditions for the execution of retaliation in kind, it is commuted to blood money, now the question is why blood money is imposed while the requirements provided by the law for the execution of retaliation in kind is in place? This research was carried out using an analytic-descriptive method and having studied and reviewed the grounds of the views concluded that the decision of the execution of retaliation in kind by means of laser can be rendered for the criminal damages to the function of the eye (sight).

Evaluation is a suitable way to improve the healthcare quality. At the other hand، quality and validity of information is an important factor in this process. The aim of this study was to assess adjustment and agreement between medical records data and pregnant women reported healthcare data in prenatal maternity care. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 185 pregnant women who were selected randomly and received maternity care from 40 urban health centers and health bases in Tabriz. Technical quality data were obtained from two different sources، i. e. medical record and pregnant women reported data. Questionnaire’s content validity was reviewed and confirmed by 10 experts and its reliability was confirmed based on Cronbach''s alpha (α = 0. 748). Weighted Kappa and ICC (intra-class correlation coefficient) were used to analyze each item. Data were analyzed using the STATA ver. 10 and SPSS ver. 17 statistical packages. There was a weak adjustment between the two data sources. Only in some services there was a moderate adjustment such as number of care (Kappa = 0. 56)، blood pressure and weight measurement (Kappa = 0. 55). In registration time to health center (P = 0. 95، 95% CI 0. 931-0. 962) and awareness of pregnancy (P = 0. 87، 95% CI 0. 824-0. 903) there was a strong adjustment between medical document and customers reported data. For some services such as pregnancy education، it is preferred to use pregnant women reported data، because such data are a form of output assessment. Furthermore، due to a defect in the recording services، customers’ reported data were more valid than the health records.

Tension type headache is the most common type of primary headaches and common pain in PTSD patients. Tension type headache often are responsive to pharmacologic techniques such as acupuncture, massage, physical therapy and physiotherapy. There is no comprehensive researches that assess effects of these methods on tension type headache and all researches try physical therapy methods separately. the aim of this study is meet the effects of a selective physical therapy regimen include postural and stabilizer muscles training of neck and head and a massage program on severity, duration, and frequency of tension type headache in people with explosion background. Method and materials: Twenty six patients with tension type headache choose from a neurology clinic and arrange into control and experimental group randomly. Both groups complete headache diary before and in treatment. We use Numeric analogue Scale (NAS) to evaluate pain intensity in diary. Massage and selective therapeutic exercise tried as intervention. For comparison between groups in weeks of research repeated measure of ANOVA test was used. The student`s t test for paired variables was employed to compare HIT-6 questionnaire scores. results show that except of frequency of headaches (f1, 24=0.007, p=0.934) that have no significant different, intensity (f1, 24=84.61, p=0.001) and duration (f1, 24=36.011, p=0.001) had significant different between groups. in comparison with other research of physical therapy in treatment of tension headache, this research show effectiveness of a selective comprehensive program toward tries them separately.

Effectiveness of health services depends on appropriate communication and active participation of health service providers/receivers. Patients’ and care providers’ rights should be mentioned in health centers. This mutual commitment guarantees population health in the highest levels. This study aimed to assess the degree of adherence to patient rights from the perspectives of pregnant women in health centeres in Tabriz. In this cross-sectional study, 185 pregnant women were recruited at the 9th month of pregnancy from 40 health centers and health posts in Tabriz in 2010-11. A range of 3-8 individuals were selected randomly from each health center and health post. Data was collected using a self-structured valid and reliable questionnaire. Adherence of care providers to the patients’ rights were measured among the women. The questionnaire measured 12 aspects of 4 main domains of the Iranian Patient Rights Charter with scales from "0 = poor performance" to "10 = good performance". Data were analyzed in the SPSS. From the perspectives of pregnant women, performance of the health care providers in all domains was good or fair. Of 12 aspects of patients rights, confidentiality, privacy, accessibility and continuity had the highest performance scores (≥9). The aspects of communication, prompt attention, basic amenities and autonomy had moderate scores (7-8.99); and the right of choosing care provider, safety, dignity and providing necessary information and education had the lowest performance scores (<7). There were no complain management system in the health centers. Regarding importance of patient rights during pregnancy, health centers and health posts should pay more attention to the aspects with poor performance and should develop a complaint management system in health care centers.