مجید رمضانی

The city's livability largely depends on its capacity to meet the residents’ basic needs. One of the essential components of public welfare is the ability of residents to access urban services on a neighborhood scale. This research aims at evaluating the accessibility of different socio-economic groups to urban services. Fair distribution of urban resources and services among socio-economic groups is an issue that needs attention, especially for developing countries with rapid urbanization like Iran. In this research, various methods have been used to analyze the correlation between accessibility to services and urban poverty and to provide the information needed for better decision-making. 21 social, economic, and physical indicators of statistical blocks have been used to map urban poverty. In order to map the accessibility of urban services, criteria such as the capacity of urban services (park, educational, religious, therapeutic, and sports), population density, and distance to services are considered. The results show a negative correlation between accessibility to services and urban poverty in Urmia city. The highest intensity of negative correlation between accessibility to services and urban poverty belongs to educational services (r=-0.231). This situation is not compatible with the goals of sustainable development and equal access to urban services. In this article, the areas of the city that need attention are identified on the map, which will be useful in the future planning and development of the city.

In this study, Thiourea-functionalized super-paramagnetic nanoparticles were used as a heterogeneous catalyst in the Petasis-Borono Mannich reaction.
Research approach: In the first stage of this study, Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized as spherical core-shell nanoparticles such that Fe3O4 particles were considered as the core. Then in the next step, the characteristics of surface functional groups, crystal structure, magnetic properties, size and surface appearance of nanoparticles and the process of functionalizing the structure in layers, using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were examined, identified and analyzed. Then, to evaluate the efficiency of the structure, it was used as a catalyst in the Borono-Mannich reaction of potassium potash. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HNMR) were used to investigate the structure of the products.

The IR spectroscopy results showed that the peaks appearing in 568 cm-1 and 670 cm-1 were related to iron-oxygen bond, the peaks in 1092 and 800-950 cm-1 were related to silicon-oxygen bond, which indicates the formation of silicon layer on nanomagnetic particles and the validity of the reaction products. The results also showed that the amount of saturated magnetite in about 23 emu/g increased with increasing complex ligand. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the index peaks of (2θ= 21.25˚, 37.29˚, 43.73˚, 52.56˚, 65.09˚, 69.73˚, 76.81˚) were realized and for certainty of the formation of the desired magnetic nanoparticles in crystalline phase were used. The results of SEM analysis showed the structure of nanoparticles in a spherical shape and EDX analysis confirmed the presence of elements in the structure which included sulfur. Also, the thermogravimetric analysis index showed approximately 7% decomposition coefficient. The first, second and third decomposition were observed 1% by weight (60°C), 5% by weight (200 to 300°C) and 1% by weight (350 to 700° C), respectively. The highest yield of 68% was measured with 40 mg catalyst in acetonitrile. The structure of thiourea was properly stabilized in a magnetic nanocatalyst.

China is one of the main players and actors in the security environment of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Central Asia. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, China has always sought to expand its strategy of economic, political and security influence in this important region. The main goal of the Chinese was to operate in the territory, consolidate and expand their influence by competing with their regional and trans-regional rivals, including Russia, the United States, NATO, Iran and Turkey. Although Iran's regional policies are in line with those of the People's Republic of China, the expansion of Chinese influence in the Central Asian region has narrowed the field for actors in the regions of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this descriptive-analytical study, through field study and obtaining the opinions of experts in the field of regional studies, geopolitics and geostrategy, a strategic analysis of the consequences of China's presence and action in the security environment of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Central Asia was performed. According to the SWOT analysis, the "SO" offensive strategy was selected as Iran's main strategy in the face of China's activism in the Central Asian security environment. Implementation of the selected strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the use of forces, to seek to take advantage of opportunities for strategic security planning in the Central Asian region on its agenda.

A Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) study based on Genetic Algorithm  Multiple Linear Regressions (GA-MLR) were carried out for the prediction of the toxicity (logIC50) and the logarithm of octanol-water partition coefficient (logPow) of some carbamate derivatives as insecticides. The optimized conformation of compounds were obtained at HF/6-31G* level with Gaussian 98 software. Dragon software is used to calculate molecular descriptors. A data set of these compounds was randomly divided into 2 groups: training and test sets. The QSAR models were optimized using multiple linear regressions (MLR).The most relevant molecular descriptors were collected by Genetic Algorithm (GA) and backward regression. The best GA-MLR models are obtained using statistical parameters, such as squared correlation coefficient (R2), adjusted squared correlation coefficient (R2adj), root mean square error (RMSE) values for training and test sets. The best QSAR models are obtained based on the statistical parameters Leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation, external test set, external validation parameters (Q2F1, Q2F2, Q2F3) and the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) were used to quantify the predictive ability of GA-MLR models. The results showed that GA-MLR models could be used to predict the activities of carbamate derivatives.

In the present study for the first time, a novel polyacrylonitrile-silver nanocomposite nanofiber was synthesized by electrospinning for adsorbing sulfur compounds in natural gas condensate. The synthesized material was characterized by SEM, EDAX, and XRD. The presence of C, N, O, and Ag proved that the composite was synthesized successfully. In order to achieve the best adsorption conditions, the effect of contact time, adsorbent dosage and initial sulfur compound concentration was examined. Under optimal values, efficiency of greater than 90% was found. In addition, different isotherms and kinetics models were tested to describe the sorption process. It was found that Freundlich (0.9900) was superior to Langmuir (0.9688), Temkin (0.9648) and Dubinin-Radushkevich (0.8273) models, revealing that sulfur compounds tend to for, multilayers on the heterogeneous surface of polyacrylonitrile-silver nanocomposite nanofiber. The energy value of the adsorption was 23.57 kJ/mol, indicating chemisorption reactions. Based on kinetics studies, the desulfurization by nanofibers followed Pseudo-second-order and Elovich kinetics. Finally, the desulfurization function of nanocomposite was studied and validated using adsorbent columns. The obtained results demonstrate polyacrylonitrile-silver nanocomposite nanofiber as a promising material in the field of desulfurization.

Among the plants with multiple healing properties and a long and common history of use in Iranian traditional medicine, is dog-rose plant with the scientific name of “Rosa canina” that belongs to the Rosaceae family. This study aimed to review the effectiveness of Rosa canina in treatment of different body organs and tissues and emphasizes its therapeutic mechanism.

 This is a review study. About 176 papers published from 2010 to 2018 were extracted from PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, Ovid, MagIran, and SID databases using related keywords and entered into study. 

Ethical issues (including plagiarism, misconduct, data fabrication, falsification, double publication or submission, redundancy) have been completely observed by the authors. 

Different studies had indicated the importance of Rosa canina as a medicinal plant protecting liver, lowering glucose and lipid levels, and having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The highest flavonoid activity in the Rosaceae family is related to Rosa canina. The use of herbal extracts in the treatment of common diseases, such as diabetes, fatty liver, urinary tract and Alzheimer's, has been recommended.

 High qualitative and quantitative diversity of effective ingredients, ease of access, absence of adverse effects of consumption and endemic nature of Rosa canina plant make it necessary to use it for the control and treatment of common human diseases.

This article investigated trade-off between human and natural resources emphasizing on education. Some studies have argued that resource-rich countries are exposed to relying on natural resources and neglecting human resources. So that emphasizing on education as a tool of investing in human resources was declined. Ratio of the share of resources rent to the share of taxes was introduced as representative of political economy of natural resources. This variable controlled effects of changing the natural resources rent management. International tests scores (TIMSS, PIRLS and PISA) were considered as education quality measure. A panel data model with fixed effects approach was applied as econometric method at the estimating of education production function‘s parameters. The findings revealed that effects of political economy of natural resources were significant and then education quality diminished while share of natural resources rent at the government revenues increased. In most cases estimated coefficients for the variable of the share of resources rent to the share of taxes’ ratio were robust and negative effect of reducing the dependence of the economy on resources rent on the quality of education was confirmed.

Depression is a common psychiatric disorder with a high prevalence in military personnel. Recently, the relationship between depression and some hormones has been reported. In current study, the serum levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was assessed in people with depression and compared with healthy control adults. In this case–control study, 45 people with depression who were diagnosed using the Beck depression test and DSM5, were referred to a military hospital. A total of 45 healthy participants who were matched according gender and age with the depression group, were also enrolled. Levels of anti-TPO, T4, T3 and TSH were measured and compared in the two groups. The mean ±standard deviation age was 36.55±11.42 years in the case group and 35.92±11.58 years in the matched control group. There was no significant difference in the mean serum level of antithyroid peroxidase, T3, T4 and TSH between the groups (P≥0.05). There was no linear correlation between antithyroid peroxidase levels and depression severity.  As there was not difference regarding anti-TPO antibody levels between the depressed and healthy groups, it appears that anti-TPO antibody may not have a role in depression.

Obesity is considered as a risk factor for testosterone lowering, and low testosterone is a predictor for diabetes mellitus development. The current study compares the quality of life and blood glucose control in type 2 diabetic patients with and without hypogonadism. In this case-control study, 93 male patients with hypogonadism and diabetes who were diagnosed by ADAM questioners and low testosterone level, and 67 patients with diabetes but without hypogonadism were compared in terms of anthropometric, lipid and glycemic control and quality of life. Demographic data were matched in two groups. The anthropometric parameters (waist circumference and body mass index) were significantly higher in hypogonadal patients than patients without hypogonadism (P=0.001 and P=0.024 respectively). Dyslipidemia (P=0.001), fasting blood sugar (P=0.003) and HbA1c (P=0.02) were higher and quality of life was lower (P=0.002) in hypogonadal patients than patients without hypogonadism. Male patients with hypogonadism and diabetes had lower quality of life and less appropriate blood and lipid control, compared with patients with diabetes without hypogonadism.

A novel switchable-hydrophilicity solvent based liquid phase microextraction (SHS-LPME) coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry has been applied for preconcentration and extraction of Ag(I). In this study, Triethylamine (TEA) was selected as switchable solvent. The Ag (I)-1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol complex was extracted into organic phase by converting the protonated carbonate (P-TEA-C) to TEA. The experimental conditions were optimized using Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken design methods. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limit, relative standard deviation and the enrichment factor were 0.35 μg L-1, 1.4% and 68, respectively. The calibration graph was linear over the range 2 to 500 μg L-1 with correlation coefficient of 0.997. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine of trace silver in water samples.

One of the important risk management tools in financial markets, is financial derivatives. In this study, we investigate the problem of European option pricing. The most key input to option pricing models is volatility. For accurate modeling of volatility, we use three famous GARCH type models including GARCH, EGARCH, GJR-GARCH. With using the results of the best GARCH-type model, we develop two nonparametric models based on Neural Networks and Neuro-Fuzzy Networks to price call options for S&P 500 index. We compare the obtained results with those of Black-Scholes model and show that the Black-Scholes model in not appropriate for at-the-money options. Furthermore, by comparing the Neural Network and Neuro-Fuzzy approaches with Black-Scholes model, we observe that the accuracy of non-parametric models are better than the Black-Scholes model.

High prevalence of infertility and many related problems has become a big problem for economy and healthy. This study is to determine the effect of dietary omega-3 based on hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis (HPG) activity and testosterone plasma level in adult male adult wistar rat.
This experimental study was conducted on 40 adult male wistar rats. Animals were with an average weight of 150±20 gr. They divided into five groups (n=8), including the control group, saline group and experimental group of minimum , average and maximum in which consumed dietary including omega-3, 0.25 and 0.5 and 0.75 mg/kg dose the 29 days. The blood was take from the heart of animals. Using Radioimmunoassay methods, testosterone and LH levels were measured. In this study effects of dietary omega-3 on testosterone secretion level in experimental groups, was compared with saline and control groups.
The results of a compared LH and testosterone level with the control group (0.167±0.02 and 0.182±0.02) and all experimental groups, particularly at the maximum dose (0.654±0.09and 0.584±0.12 respectively), showed a significant increase.
It was shown that the increase in omega-3 plasma levels of in the experimental group led significantly increase in the testosterone and LH level. This study showed that consumption of Omega-3 oils, significantly increase plasma levels of testosterone and LH hormone.

Diabetes mellitus is associated with a wide range of kidney and liver disorders. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of alcoholic extract of aerial parts of Melissa officinalis on indicators of liver function and kidney in diabetic rats. Thirty-five wistar rats were divided into 5 groups (n=7 each) as follows: Control, diabetic control and three diabetic groups, which received alcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis at doses of 100, 200 mg/kg body weight respectively through gastric gavage and glibenclamide 10 mg/ kg, for a period of 3 weeks. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ). At the end of this period (21 days), blood samples were collected for measurement of liver enzymes and factors for data analysis. Amounts of enzyme levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotran­sferase (AST) in the group treated with the extract, compared to the diabetic control group showed no significant changes, whereas serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) were significantly reduced (P<0.05), which declined most in the group receiving the minimum dose of the extract. Serum creatinine and urea in the group receiving the highest dose showed a significant decrease compared to other groups (P<0.05). The extract Melissa officinalis with lower levels of liver enzymes, particularly ALP and GGT and renal markers, urea and creatinine was effective in improving liver function and treatment of diseases of the liver and kidneys.

Althaea officinalis is listed among potential anti-diabetic herbal medicines. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the alcoholic extract of Althaea officinalis root on lowering blood sugar and lipid profiles in the treatment of type I diabetes. Seventy male Wistar rats were divided into 7 groups (n=10 each) as follows: Non-diabetic control, sham receiving normal saline (NS), and the diabetic control groups, which received extract of Althaea officinalis at doses of 200, 400, 800 mg/kg body weight respectively through gastric gavage and glibenclamide 5 mg/kg, for a period of 4 weeks. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg body weight). The hydroalcoholic extract of Althaea officinalis significantly decreased blood glucose levels (P<0.05) in diabetic rats treated, at all doses (200, 400, 800 mg/kg). Significant improvement was also observed in dyslipidemia (p<0.05), caused by diabetes mellitus, as confirmed by reduced levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and significantly elevated levels of HDL. Fasting blood glucose levels of glibenclamide treated rats 200 mg/kg doses of the extract were significantly lower than those in the diabetic control group (P<0.05). However levels of fasting blood glucose in the group treated with 400, 800 mg/kg doses of the extract had no significant difference, as compared to the group treated with glibenclamide (P<0.05). Results of this study discovered significant hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects for the extract of Althaea officinalis in Wistar rats.

Thyroid hormones have a key role in regulation of metabolism and function of the tissues. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of alcoholic extract of Portulaca Oleracea on serum level of thyroid hormones in hypercholestrolemic rats. In this experimental study, 60 adult male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into six groups including: control group with normal diet, fat diet group with high fat diet and interventional groups were received high fat diet and alcoholic extract of Portulaca Oleracea with maximum dose (800 mg/kg/bw), moderate dose (400 mg/kg/bw), minimum dose (200 mg/kg/bw) intraperitoneally for 21 days and finally, animals in atorvastatin group were received high fat diet with atorvastatin (10 mg/kg/bw, intraperitoneally) for 21 days. After the end of this period, T3, T4, TSH and total cholesterol measured for each animal. Serum level of T3 and T4 in the experimental groups which were received Portulaca Oleracea extract and atorvastatin group significantly increased in compared to controls (P<0.05). Serum level of TSH level significantly reduced in the experimental groups which were received Portulaca Oleracea extract and atorvastatin group in compared to controls (P<0.05). The serum total cholesterol level significantly reduced in the experimental groups which were received Portulaca Oleracea extract and atorvastatin group in compared to fat diet group (P<0.05). Portulaca Oleracea extract with increasing of secretion of thyroid hormone reduced the total cholesterol and TSH animals with hypercholesterolemia.

Artificial intelligence, from the beginning, was looking for simulating human behavior for machine, by following the human pattern. With the increasing development of this field of science and its success in simulation of some specific human behavior, even by removing some certain restrictions in the human pattern, the feasibility of simulating comprehensive human behavior, is increased and the emergence of new generation of machines is predisposed. This new generation of machine that has human capabilities comprehensively and acts more intellectually than humans, is addressed as "superintelligence". In principle delegation of any task to an intelligent agent needs to explain some questions, like degree of its autonomy of action and decision, and the degree of trust which can be vested in the outcomes it achieves. The intellectual superiority of this machine is a decisive reason in order to consider its ethical issues. In order to achieving an intelligent agent which is able to meet all expected goals in a safe manner, it would be necessary to create architecture towards the choice machine.

Ecological vulnerability is a common term that can be used in different hierarchical levels (animate, population, community, ecosystem, and landscape). Ecological vulnerability evaluation has lots of applications in environmental sciences such as EIA, risk assessment and environmental monitoring. This represents the importance of the evaluation. This paper aimed at assessing ecological vulnerability of the protected area of Touran (in East of Iran) using a combination of three methods of overlay, i.e., reciprocal effects matrix, AHP, and EA. So far, a large number of researches have been published about these methods around the world and Iran, as well. Some works in Iran are “Degradation Model” and Jabbarian's work which has innovations in objectifying ecological vulnerability assessment with reciprocal effects matrix approach. We can also point to zonation of environmental vulnerable and sensitive areas in west of Fars Province with method of fuzzy logic approach and AHP. Different methods have been used around the world to assess ecological vulnerability. Some of these methods are FAHP and compound the methods of AHP and GIS and also Multiway Data Analysis (MDA) for detecting relations between indicators, Reciprocal of Fractal Dimension (SPCA) and compounding ecosystem sensitivity and landscape pattern. More diverse indices have been used in the field of ecological vulnerability, so far. Some of these indices are ecological Sensitivity (ES), Natural and Social Pressure (NSP), Ecological Recovery Capacity (ERC) and the others related with landscape such as Reciprocal of Fractal Dimension (FD), Isolation (FI) and Fragmentation (FN). In this paper, indices of Ecological Sensitivity are used because these data are available in Iran. Protected complex of Touran is in southeast of Shahroud City, southwest of Sabzevar City and in the north of great plain of Kavir in Semnan Province (from 55 to 57 E and from 34° 44' to 36° 22' latitude). For calculating ecological vulnerability, first of all the reciprocal effects m atrix must be prepared. In this method, a matrix of ecological factors in which if the points of an ecological factor effects on other factors they are given figure of one and otherwise figure of zero. In the next steps, the summation of rows and columns and the degree of importance of ecological factors is calculate based on following equation. The most effective factor in ecological vulnerability that obtained through reciprocal effects matrix and AHP method (Fig. 1) was erodibility of soil.This factor affects extremely other factors such as soil depth, water erosion and wind erosion. The weight of this factor in AHP was obtained about 0.371. The climatology and elevation factors are lower than the erodibility of soil. They are with preference degrees of 0.161 and 0.137, respectively. In the end of the list both layers of soil depth and vegetation density are affected by other factors, with preferences degree of 0.16. Finally, the map of ecological vulnerability was obtained by weighted overlay of the layers and also by applying scales of classes for each layer. It is remarkable that location of the areas in sensitive geological zones, zones of deep soils, arid and warm climate, and wind erosion zones is determinant in vulnerability degree of those areas. These layers are converted into raster format and then overlaid by their weights; finally the map of ecological vulnerability was obtained as a result raster layer. For better land management, the area was classified by natural breaks method (Fig. 2) into four classes of resistant, subsensitive, sensitive, and vulnerable. According to vulnerability map of the area, western parts are more vulnerable relative to other areas. Furthermore, most of the areas are placed in class of sensitive. Therefore, the protected area must be recognized in different managerial levels for more conservational acts.

To assess inequity of childhood health care package provision according to the distance of health houses from the town and the provincial capital in Markazi province (Iran). We used 4 measures of childhood health care provision by family medicine program in randomly selected health houses in Markazi province. The measures included were monitoring of the childhood health by the GP (General Practitioner)، childhood disease management according to the Iranian MOHME guidelines، good knowledge of the GP about the content of the guidelines and good knowledge of the GP about the 1-59 month death registration system. These measures were estimated by a predefined، interviewer administered questionnaire. The distance of each selected health house was determined in each district health center. To assess the inequity of the measures we estimated concentration index and its 95% confidence interval using covariance method. P Values of greater than 0. 05 were considered as statistically insignificant. About 46 health house were randomly selected. All of the estimated concentration indices about the childhood care measures were less than 0. 1 and their differences with zero score were insignificant (p value> 0. 05). according to the data of our study it seems there is no inequity between different health houses in accordance of their distance from district center and provincial capital. It seems necessary to measure other health indices to assess the inequity of the whole of the health care providing system.

Infertility is a serious health problem in approximately 10-15% of couples in reproductive ages suffering from this problem. Depending on the cause of infertility, there are a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic views. The aim of this study was to determine the scientific views of Islamic-Iranian physicians (Rhazes, Ibn sina and Jorjani) on infertility comparing with modern medicine. In this paper through access to reliable sources in the form of descriptive articles, the scientific Islamic-Iranian views on fertility and infertility were compared with those of modern medicine. Data was collected with appropriate keywords using electronic and manual reliable resources and the central research goal was to give a comparative illustration about infertility in the past and modern medicine. According to review literature based on perspective of Islamic-Iranian medicine, the main reason of infertility includs; complication of uterus, uterous hypertrophy, uterous decoleman, infections, tuble semen, fallopian tuble, psychologhic factors and so on. Moreover Islamic-Iranian ways for prevention of fertility and treatment of infertility consistent with those of modern medicine. There are a lot of Iranian Islamic views on infertility which are in acordance with modern medicine, this support the scientific importance of Islamic-Iranian medical history which is a subject to be investigated by modern medicine.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most important health problems in the world. B-cells are susceptible to damage by free radicals. Noticing the mechanism of cupping, this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of cupping together with drug therapy on biochemical factors and oxidative stress. In this clinical trial, 5ml of intravenous blood was obtained from diabetic patients in beginning and late stages of this disease who referred to a diabetes center. In addition to receiving metformin and glibenclamide, the patients underwent cupping after one month and were analyzed one month later. Blood samples obtained one month before and after the treatment were compared in terms of diabetes and oxidative stress indicators. To evaluate lipid peroxidation, TBA method was used and FRAPS method was employed to measure total serum antioxidants and blood factors by Pars Azmon kit. Hemoglobin A1C, fasting blood sugar, blood sugar 2 hours after fasting, triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein as well as high-density lipoprotein showed significant increases. Aspartate transferase in diabetic patients significantly decreased after phlebotomy (p<0.05). Cupping improves blood factors in diabetic patients and it is recommended to be used as a complementary treatment in patients with diabetes type II.

In the Holy Quran, it is stated that “eating honey has healing for people” “Fihe shefaho lenas”. The word “healing” in Quran has not been used about any other food but honey and one Sura in Quran is dedicated to Nahl (bee). This study investigates the importance of honey from the perspective of Quran and medicine. This review article investigated the therapeutic properties of honey from the perspective of Quran and medicine through text analysis and manual and online search. Medicine has proven that honey due to its low moisture, high osmosis, and high acidity inhibits the growth of infectious agents and creates a sterile coat on the wound. Prophet Mohammad said, “Lam yastashfeo almariz bemasale sharbato olasal”, meaning that nothing cures the sick person the way honey does. Studies have shown that honey is effective in strengthening child development and treatment, prevention, and improvement of skin, respiratory, liver, gallbladder, eyes, ears, and nose diseases and cancer. The application of natural honey to healing diabetic and cutaneous ulcers and the topical application of honey to open wounds can accelerate the healing process. Oral administration of dates honey syrup can enhance the natural progression of delivery and womb contractions which decrease the need for cesarean. It can be concluded from the review of the literature that emphasis of Quran on the use of honey in diet and its reference to the healing property of honey for people has not been without a cause. Modern medicine also verifies the curative properties of honey for many diseases.