فهرست مطالب مجید مختاریان پور

This research, by creating a new understanding of governance in its original concept, analyzed the discourses of the 5th to 12th governments in Iran, and the gap of governance model as a discourse of the state in the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this research, using Laclau and Mouffe's discourse analysis method, the contexts and dimensions of governance discourse on the government’s logic of actions in the Islamic Republic of Iran have been studied to obtain a new understanding of the arrangement of effective forces in shaping the public sphere. As a result, in different periods after the Islamic revolution, various discourse subjects including construction, reform, justice-oriented, and moderation, eclipsed the public sphere as well as the action of the governments. But each of them has failed because of choosing heterogeneous discursive elements in the establishment of appropriate and desirable governance. As the main finding of the research, two propositions can be mentioned; first, the discourse of governance in Iran, while having a gap in its idea and contexture, is intensified by the governments as the main focus of the discourse generation, and the discourses of the post-war governments by applying the asymmetric and disproportionate principles of governance, have been far from the general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Second, more than anything, the lack of discourse occurred due to the lack of transition from state to governance. The lack of a desirable model of governance and borrowing from non-domestic discourse elements is obvious in post-war governments’ discourses.

Based on the official statistics from the last census, the province of Sistan and Baluchistan has a lower rank than other provinces in lots of cases and even the lowest rank in indexes such as economic participation and literacy. The lack of progress in Sistan and Baluchistan" can be explored through different points of view, but one of the most prominent obstacles to progress in this province is its economic culture by which, despite having qualifications, it has remained unprogressed. This study aimed to identify economic cultural elements of Sistan and Baluchistan that have already brought a lack of progress. This research has been done, using the qualitative strategy of grounded theory (systematic approach) and its data collection method was semi-structured interviews that continued to get theoretical saturation. Based on the data analysis of 13 interviews, the core category of "ideal-less society" emerged. This category is affected by the causal conditions of "the sense of marginality; limited basic economic attitudes; constraints of the progress infrastructures; and lack of authentic economic guidance of the society" and strategies of "paying attention to immediate needs; lack of good economic management at the micro level; and swank behavior” are taken by actors of this province in response to this core category. These strategies are channelized by the contexts of "Failure to make proper use of the social capital of the province in the direction of progress and failure to make proper use of the value adherence of the society in the direction of progress” and the intervening conditions of "social arrogance and patriarchy" that lead to consequences of "feeling duality toward government and underground economy".

Mass media such as news agencies, due to their ability to direct public opinion, play a key role in various stages of the crisis, including the reconstruction and recovery phase, so that by defining and implementing their positive and intrinsic roles, they can increase the resilience capacity of society. However, the prerequisite for this assistance is that they can maintain their original status after the emergency and continue to provide services; In other words, be resilient. To make media resilient, the first step can be to measure how well they perform, and in fact, how resilient that media is in the face of crises. This issue is based on providing indicators that show the performance of the media in the face of crises. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop the performance indicators of the resilience of Iranian news agencies in natural crises in the reconstruction and recovery phase. In this qualitative research, the data were collected using a systematic review of resources and also a semi-structured interview with 12 subject matter experts and analyzed using thematic analysis. The analysis of research data led to the introduction of 3 comprehensive themes (as dimensions) including "learning development", "news continuity", and "monitoring and follow-up", under which 5 components are "monitoring the actions of officials", "take care of the environment and public opinion ", "Experience Writing", "Futuristic Education" and "Situational Reporting". Finally, 12 indicators were identified and presented as performance indicators of the resilience of Iranian news agencies in the stage of reconstruction and recovery of natural crises.

Basically, everything that involves the participation of citizens is formed in a context that is surrounded by common categories, and regardless of them, the participation of citizens is difficult to happen. The purpose of this study is to design a comprehensive model of citizen participation in Tehran. The research method is qualitative and the current situation is modeled based on Glaserian approach from the strategy of grounded theory. Along this line, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 citizens, city managers and experts in the field of citizen participation who were selected in the form of snowballs. The Glaser side is introduced, modeled. "Lack of citizen-centered approach in the municipality" was introduced as a central phenomenon and 12 categories were introduced as sub-categories. The result is that in order to increase citizen participation, it is necessary for Tehran Municipality to reform the attitude of its human resources, especially managers and policy makers, and show this change in attitude in practice and the municipality to become a participation-oriented organization, and help to change this attitude of citizens in order to prepare the ground for their presence in the field of urban participation and strengthen the central participation of the municipality and urban management, with the suggestions presented at the end of the article, to fill the gaps.

In recent years, much attention has been paid to TRIZ as an innovative knowledge and its tools. However, researchers in various fields have paid more attention to 40 Innovative Principles for use in their field of work. This research, in addition to criticizing the common method of using 40 Principles tool in social sciences that leads to an unscientific and incorrect perception of this tool, proposes a more effective way for correct use of this tool in cultural policy making field. In this research, in which data was gathered through library research and semi-structured Interviews, the primary model was designed by deductive thematic analysis method, and then Delphi method and focus group was used in order to modify and improve suggested model. According to research findings, for more effective use of 40 Principle tool in cultural policy making field, among two ways of using this tool, suggests the friendship with principles way. According to this, after numerous revisions, this research suggests 36 guidelines following 34 principles of this tool for cultural problem solving. This research recommends that instead of the common approach, researchers use these innovative solutions as a set of guidelines for motivating creativity in cultural problem definition and solving.

After the “human relations movement”, many studies have been performed on human resource development, some of them leading to the creation of methods, procedures, standards, and models about human resource improvement and development. By looking deep, it can be found out that most of the present models assume human beings at the same level of other production factors (and of course the most venerable ones) and although they have addressed spiritual factors and ethics in the organization, they have not profoundly focus on it and many aspects have been neglected. Improving the status quo, the Islamic worldview can be helpful because of its comprehensive approach to all the physical and spiritual dimensions of humans. In this research, we tried to develop a model of human resource growth and development on the basis of one of the Islamic theories raised in this regard, i.e. Motahhari's theory of growth. In the present study, data collection was performed through archival studies and interviews with Islamic management experts, and data analysis was implemented by thematic analysis. After analyzing the data, 160 descriptive codes, 27 interpretive codes and 6 overarching themes emerged which finally formed the organizational human resource growth and development model on the basis of growth theory. The findings show that besides similarities, there are essential differences between this model and the present models of human resource development.

Problem-finding and correct definition of cultural issues is an important and necessary cornerstone for effective cultural policy-making, and the lack of a suitable model for it has already led to many problems in this area. This research aims to provide a creative model in the field of problem solving and definition of cultural issues based on TRIZ. The present article has been done by Delphi qualitative method and thus after compiling the initial model, this model was modified and completed in three Delphi rounds with six experts and then reviewed and approved by experts during a focus group meeting. The final model puts several TRIZ tools together in a logical way and, with a step-by-step process, makes the policy-maker more aware of the problem. The steps of this process model are: (1) the initial definition of the problem (what it is) (2) the perception of the problem as a system (3) the analysis of the actors and stakeholders associated with the problem (4) the collection of existing data on the problem (5) the exact definition of the problem (Why) (6) Select the problem level and determine its properties with the help of a five-level matrix (7) Complete the nine-window matrix (8) Define the problem. This model is completely localized for the field of culture and in it, in accordance with the requirements of this field in different stages, innovations and changes in the tools of TRIZ have been created. Two features of TRIZ knowledge, namely the variety of tools and focus on thought structures, make it possible to use it effectively in the field of cultural policy-making and by using its principles and tools, to fill the gaps in the country's cultural problem-solving.

Due to the importance of citizen participation in governance, a lot of research has been done to explain this concept and each of them has looked at it from one angle, and this has caused confusion and dispersion in explaining the concept of citizen participation. The purpose of this study is to provide the conceptual model of citizen participation in order to organize previous studies

This qualitative research has an applied orientation and its approach is deductive and its time horizon is one-section and the data collection method is documentary study and thematic analysis technique has been used to analyze the data.

In this research, in the first stage four overarching themes of “Types of citizen participation", "factors affecting citizen participation", "requirements of citizen participation" and "consequences of citizen participation" were defined through studying the literature of participation and citizen participation. Then the main themes and sub themes of these overarching themes were identified by gathering and analysing the studies about these overarching themes. In consequence the main themes of participation method, degree of concentration, participants, subject, context and time were identifed under the overarching theme of “Types of citizen participation", the main themes of human factors and organizational factors were identifed under the overarching theme of "factors affecting citizen participation", and the similar main themes of related to governance and related to citizens were identifed under the overarching themes of "requirements of citizen participation" and "consequences of citizen participation".

It is expected that this research, while providing a comprehensive picture of the concept of citizenship participation, can theoretically organize it and create a common concept in this field and help to realize it in practice.

Geographical studies on food categorized in five scales; global and transnational, national and regional, urban, rural and agricultural, domestic scales of food consumption and the individual as a consumer. Based on this categorization, the present study is placed within urban and domestic scales. By accepting that population of Tehran metropolis will definitely increase in future and regarding that based on systematic approach and limits to grow theory (Meadows, Randers, & Meadows, 2004), no growth in the world will continue forever. We must consider factors that limit the growth of Tehran, besides factors provoke development. One of the limiting factors is the natural and geographical potential of Tehran metropolis. For this research among qualitative methods in futures studies, we chose the scenario, because this method "make the future more real for decision makers to force new thinking and decisions". In the formulation of food consumption scenarios, due to the diversity of stakeholders, the challenges and the types of issues and ambiguities, the approach of the Global Business Network (GBN) was chosen. To analyze the key factors and identifying the key variables the structural analysis method and MickMac software was used. Based on two key variables, technology, and consumer responsibility, four scenarios were created, these are four scenarios: Smart eating scenario, McDonaldization of Society scenario, Food Geography scenario, and Community Eating scenario. In this study, four alternative food futures have been presented for Tehran. In these scenarios, both desirable and undesirable futures are clearly and accurately depicted. The geography of food scenario due to the neglect of the environmental capacities and natural and geographic potentials is the most unsustainable scenario for the future of Tehran. Without scenarios, thinking about the futures of food in Tehran is very difficult and even impossible. These scenarios can help us take into account possible futures in todaychr('39')s decisions. Although this article does not predict a specific future for food in Tehran, But, given the recognition and sensitivity of the events, it can be very useful for long-term decisions.#s3gt_translate_tooltip_mini { display: none !important; }</li

The development of Islamic management knowledge can be achieved through different windows and what has been followed by most of the researchers of this field as yet, is referring to religious texts. But another method of developing this knowledge is documentation of the experiences of Islamic manager. This method can be considered as an effective and fruitful way for creating effectual domestic solutions of managerial problems according to Islamic principles.

This research is a qualitative research and its method is thematic analysis. Data gathering method of this research was semi-structured interviews with Islamic managers who were selected through reputational case sampling and snowball sampling methods and continued until theoretical saturation.

The output of thematic analysis of 9 interviews was 186 descriptive codes, 73 interpretive codes (in 2 levels) and 6 overarching themes including “education attitude”, ”education ethics”, ”education strategies”, ”education courses of actions”, ”education dimensions” and ”education goals”.

From a systematic approach, in the proposed model of this research, education attitude and education ethics are the “inputs of the educational system”; education strategies and education courses of actions affect the education dimensions in the “process of education” and consequently the education goals are achieved as the “outputs of the educational system”.

To study futures of food we are encountered with choosing and exercising a suitable theory which is in concert with foundations and pre-assumption of futures studies, as a problem. Therefore, this paper with an investigation in theories clarifying consumer behavior and based on the framework of foundation and pre-assumption of futures studies respond to the question that; what theory is more harmonious with futures studies, and has the potential of future thinking and what features “a future-oriented consumer behavior theory” or model must have. Endeavoring to answer this question, by means of analytical and comparison method, the inwardness of existing theories was considered. The result showed that integrative theories of consumer behavior due to regarding external and structural factors, holistic view, creating alternative images, collective understanding in making decisions, non-individual interests and time, are more compatible with futures field. And among this group of theories “practice theory’ which has never used in any Iranian research has a high potential for using as a conceptual framework in research in connection with food and other resources which are used in routine and daily consumption.

One of the major missions of Islamic University is the society’s cultural transcendence and achieving this mission requires correct definition of this concept and edifying it from incorrect perceptions. “Farhang” is a complex and ambiguous concept. In our country, part of this ambiguity, is due to incorrect translation of Western sources and inaccurate conceptualization for it as a result of equating this concept with “Culture”. This article has studied conceptual similarities and differentiations of Farhang and Culture. This study also has paid to the pathology of taking these two concepts equivalent and has presented some solutions to solve this problem.

The method of this research is comparative study, its data collection method is library studies and its data analysis method is thematic analysis. Also MAXQDA20 software was been used for data analysis.

This study shows that “Farhang” and “culture” are not equivalent and we need a conceptual redefinition in this area. “Farhang” has an individual, value oriented and subjective and intangible concept but “Culture” has social, value-free and subjective/objective and intangible/tangible characteristics.

The concept of “Farhang” must keep its strengths, and furthermore use the strengths of Culture concept, while avoiding its weaknesses.

Public service motivation is one of the important subjects in public organizations. This research has identified the components of public service motivation in Qom municipality. By identifying these components, in addition to creating native theoretical literature, it will lead to better citizen service. The interview was used to collect data and for analyzing it, thematic analysis method has been used. In this regard, with semi-structured method was interviewed with 13 Managers and employees of the Qom municipality, And Interview texts were analyzed in three stages: descriptive coding, interpretive coding, and main themes. This analysis led to the formation of 44 descriptive codes, 8 interpretive codes and 4 main themes. The results showed that Beliefs and religion, lack of attachment to Money, Inner feelings, Individual features, Merit and justice, Job Features, Attention to public interest and Improve social status generates public service motivation.

At present, the ideological-political organization of I. R. I. Police, according to its mission in promoting the religious and political insight of I. R. I. Police employees, carries out various cultural activities in different sections of I. R. I. Police and its affiliated organizations, which have suffered from various damages in the course of conduction since the beginning. This study seeks to identify the harms in the cultural activities of the ideological-political organization of I. R. I. Police in police stations and checkpoints and provide suggestions for improving the current situation.

This research has been conducted using qualitative method – theme analysis. The research data were collected through 78 interviews and 7 documents and analyzed during the three stages of descriptive coding, interpretive coding and integration through comprehensive themes using MAXQDA software.

The result of data analysis was a total of 2,358 codes that were classified under various descriptive and interpretive themes. Finally, the damages in the cultural activities of the ideological-political organization of I. R. I. Police in police stations and checkpoints were identified under 8 areas (comprehensive theme): policy-making, operational planning, human capital of the ideological-political organization of I. R. I. Police, structure and organization of the ideological-political organization of I. R. I. Police, structure and organization of I. R. I. Police, staff of police stations ( the audience of programs), the content of programs, culture, resources and, finally, evaluation and monitoring and suggestions were made to eliminate the existing damages.

The ideological-political organization of the I. R. I. Police has a key role in the growth and development of the police force as one of the arms of the revolution, and repairing the damages identified in this research can make the ideological-political organization of the I. R. I. Police more effective in playing this role.

Summary Every government or political system is a crystallization of a strategy for producing and presenting values that are referred to as "political values." The present study uses the "intentional hermeneutics" method to study the rule of Imam Ali (AS) from the perspective of how he adhered to political values. The question is, what did the Imam (as) face with components such as justice, freedom, security and welfare as political values? The findings of the study indicate that in the rule of that Imam, justice as a network that has various components such as truth, fairness, honesty and public interest. The freedom of the people, especially the opposition, is so important to the Imam (as) that he says: I cannot force you to do what you do not like (Sermon 208, 222). According to him, security is a universal right that makes sense in the light of power, and the government is merely the custodian and instrument of security, and it must eliminate the grounds for fear and need. In the discussion of social welfare, he encouraged the people to work and try and allocate an equal share of the treasury for the members of the society, even his opponents, while raising the living standards of the people, paving the way for the growth of their public self-esteem and increasing the level of people's freedoms. They were crying. Keywords: Political Values, Justice, Freedom, Security, Welfare.

In Classic Diplomacy, the role of ambassador was defending national interests in foreign countries and messaging between the authorities of two countries. By facilitation of communication, job diversification of ambassadors and enhanced diversity of embassies staff, gradually the role of ambassador changed basically. Considering this role change and the characteristics of Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), this research was performed to design the competency model of the ambassadors of IRI. The methodology of this research is the qualitative method of thematic analysis. The data was collected, up to saturation, via 3 sources of "interviewing former ambassadors and diplomats of IRI in various countries", "the texts of the interviews or articles written by former ambassadors of different countries about the job of an ambassador or a good ambassador", and "the texts of the speeches of the supreme leader of IRI". After multiple stages of coding, using MAXQDA software, 6 major themes emerged and based on it, the Competency model of the Ambassadors of IRI was formed including 6 layers of “Islamic and national values”, “ethical, personality and general traits”, “specialized and general knowledge”, “experience”, “mental and communicative abilities” and “managerial, intellectual and communicative skills”.

In the imposed war period of Iraq against Iran, a new pattern of management emerged, triggering various actions which could be considered the result of jihadi management esprit in Iranian managers. Although it was expected that this esprit would continue after 1989 and become a successful model for managing the country in the post-war era; but, except some very few instances, we have witnessed a significant departure from this morale in attitudes and behaviors of the executive authorities of the country after the end of this period. Thus, the present study aims to identify the barriers of the continuance of jihadi management morale in post-war era. Based on this, these factors were identified using 12 semi-structured interviews which were analyzed using qualitative method of analysis, thematic analysis. The result of the analyzes were 380 codes, 85 descriptive themes, 10 interpretative themes and finally 4 overarching themes. According to the results of the research, the barriers include individual factors (exposition of sensuality and secularity), social factors (post-war neglectfulness, value roll-back), political factors (exogenous instigations, getting far from revolutionary) and structural factors (non-jihadi administrative structure, structural thwart from the people's contribution, the transformation of revolutionary institutions, the managerial westernization).

The underlying rationality of every management school can distinct that school from the others in many aspects. Currently Despite addressing religious rationality in previous researches, the rationality of Jihad management has not been studied specifically. The purpose of the research is to understand the rationality of Jihadi management by studying the verses about jihad in four Quran interpretations of al-Mizan, Nemouneh, Majma’ol-bayan, and Tasnim, as well as the statements of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution about the Jihadi management and also the opinions of the experts. The research method is the deductive approach of qualitative content analysis. At first, by referring to the literature of reason and rationality, theoretical, practical, and actional rationalities were constructed as overarching categories; then, by analyzing several documents and interviews, the sub-categories of this categories emerged. The result of the research were 791 codes which were categorized in 75 sub-themes and 12 themes under three types of ration and formed the final model of the research. Belief in the battle between the right and wrong, and divine special mercy are the themes of theoretical rationality; religion-orientation, the attention to occult help and jihad with the enemy are the themes of practical rationality, and finally intellect, dedication, the constructive relationship of the leader and followers, problem-orientation, being systematic, right contact with the enemy and hard trying, constitute the themes of actional rationality.

Privatization is considered as one of the most important components of new public management with its pros and cons. However, privatization has been accepted and implemented as a policy in the whole political and economic system of Iran, but the barriers and dysfunctions of privatization policy implementation has reduced its effectiveness and efficiency in solving the problems of the Iran. In order to address this issue, this paper seeks to identify the barriers of successful implementation of privatization in Iran. This research has been carried out using thematic analysis method and the data were collected using semi-structured interviews with specialists, managers and experts in the field of privatization, who were selected through snowball sampling method. Data analysis resulted in the formation of 218 primary codes, 94 sub-themes and 15 main themes including: inefficient and unproductive transfer mechanisms, structural weaknesses and low private sector incentives and power, inappropriate supply and demand mechanism, weak evaluation mechanism, lack of prospective views, cultural weaknesses, psychological weaknesses, capitalist logic, poor financial support to the private sector, indiscipline of public financial policies, the activity and dominance of quasi-governmental organizations in the economy, non-competitive environment of the national economy, excessive governmental intervention in the economy, the inappropriate formulation and implementation of laws and regulations, lack of alignment in the decisions and actions of responsible Institutions. Despite many efforts, the incomplete, non-scientific and politically-driven implementation of privatization in Iran has led to the decline of its benefits and intensification of its disadvantages to the country.

The scientific pathology of the way of conducting cultural activities can lead to beneficial results for the performers and audiences of cultural activities, and this involves applying a coherent and comprehensive model for pathology. Investigating existing models of pathology and complications shows that, firstly, the literature on this area does not provide an independent model for the pathology of cultural activities, and secondly, each of the models in other domains only investigates some aspects and other aspects have been neglected; therefore, one of the ways to achieve a comprehensive pathology model is the purposive examinations of the existing models. This, in addition to creating a suitable position for the focal areas of attention in the pathology process in the mind of the researcher, makes it possible to cover as many points as possible. The aim of this study is to achieve a comprehensive pathology model for the implementation of cultural activities through comparative study of the elements of various pathology and complication models.

In this research, the qualitative theme analysis method has been employed. In the present study, first, all of the models of pathology and complication identification were identified, and then by extraction and comparative study of the elements of these patterns, their similarities and differences were identified and finally, by categorizing the elements of these models, the model for the pathology of the implementation of cultural activities is designed. Finally, using this model in a real research project, the effectiveness and comprehensiveness of this model has been confirmed in the pathology of conducting cultural activities.
Findings and

The proposed model, in addition to focusing on cultural activities, takes into account the various aspects sufficiently. This model consists of eight areas: policy making, implementation (implementation actors), assessment and monitoring, process management, works, resources, program contents and culture.

The stage of implementation enjoys a crucial significance in the process of policymaking, for the real fruits of the policy are borne at this stage. The present paper is an attempt to offer an interactive implementation network through which the national cultural policies can be implemented more successfully. Thematic analysis method, consisting of three stages, i.e. descriptive coding, interpretative coding and development of universal themes, has been used. In order to develop a model for the implementation of national cultural policies, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the experts, policymakers, and cultural executives until data saturation was achieved. The results of the research included 548 codes categorized into 72 descriptive codes, 43 interpretative codes and 20 universal themes. Establishment of relations between these themes led to the development of a network for interactive implementation of national cultural policies. In the proposed model, the implementation of policy takes place in two stages: “planning and establishment of a support network”, and “launching of the plans”. In the first stage, which contains four steps, i.e. “decision-making”, “decision-taking and adjustment of operational plans”, “establishment of software support network” and “establishment of hardware support network”, four actors, i.e. cultural policymakers, cultural elites, cultural managers, and governmental cultural experts, play their roles. In the stage of launching the plans, the governmental cultural executives, private cultural organizations, non-governmental organizations, promoters of culture and finally the society (people), through their cordial cooperation and using all the capacities of the country, engage in interactive implementation of cultural policies. The roles of the said eight actors have been clearly explained. In this model, people, as the ninth actor, through playing four roles, i.e. executive, observer, objective and index, participate in the implementation of the cultural policies.

The pattern of proper management of the country has always been a concern for the authorities and executives of the country in the face of a wide cultural influx, unprecedented economic sanctions and various political conspiracies to all-rounder undermining of Islamic Iran. In such a situation, jihad management has been designed in the spiritual system of the Supreme Leader as a desirable managerial model for the Islamic system, a model that has the capabilities necessary to fulfill the goals and ideals of the Islamic Revolution and has the ability to and has the values we expect from an efficient Islamic management system. Accordingly, one of the important issues is what the jihadist executives’ competencies are. The present research seeks to measure the suitability of jihadist executives based on the statements of Imam and the Supreme Leader. The method of qualitative analysis of thematic analysis and MAXQDA software is used to analyze the statements. The result of the study was 363 codes, 84 descriptive themes, 38 organizing themes and 4 general themes. The quadratic themes of the study consisted of religious-belief qualities with 4 organizing themes, individual moral-revolutionary competencies with 8 organizing themes, interpersonal-ethical-revolutionary competencies with 8 organizing themes and management competencies with 18 organizing themes.

Since children and adolescents are more affected by TV programs compared to adults, the organization (IRIB) needs a scientific approach of policy-making in the field of children and adolescents programming to enhance the organization's contribution to trait upcoming generation. The first step is to recognize the present condition. This research studied the condition of the organization in policy-making in the field of children and adolescents programming from 2004 to 2014. The research was carried out using grounded theory strategy with Glazier Approach and semi-structured interview with IRIB managers, heads of departments and experts of children and adolescents field programming to gather data. The result of the study was 477 codes, 97 concepts and, finally, 14 categories including the main category “priority of mentality and taste on policies”, and categories of “replacing values and goals with policies”, “lack of policy”, “neglecting the children’s issue at the macro level of the organization”, “lack of effective supervisory structure”, “separated operations in organization policy-making”, “budget deficit pressure”, “not training human resource”, “lack of proper way to transfer policies”, “structural changes”, “extreme focusing on audience“, “change the audience taste”, “unemployment of children program producers”, and finally, “aimless and irregular starring”.