فهرست مطالب مجید پورفرج عمران

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of treatment based on realistic acceptance and commitment on exam anxiety and distress tolerance of 10th grade students in Amol city. The current research design is semi-experimental with pre-test-post-test along with the control group and is practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population included all male students studying in the 10th grade of Amol city in the academic year of 1402-1401. Using the targeted sampling method, according to the entry and exit criteria, 32 students who had higher exam anxiety and lower distress tolerance were selected and randomly placed in the experimental and control groups. The research tools included standard test anxiety questionnaire and distress tolerance questionnaire. The experimental group received 8 sessions of therapy based on realistic acceptance and commitment. The data were analyzed using covariance analysis. The findings showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of exam anxiety and distress tolerance (p>0.001). Therefore, it can be concluded that the treatment based on realistic acceptance and commitment has been effective in reducing exam anxiety and increasing distress tolerance of tenth grade students in Amol city, and this intervention can be used as a suitable method to improve exam anxiety and distress tolerance.

With attention to considered various cognitive beliefs in psychopathology of disorders, the purpose of this study was comparison of cognitive beliefs include; thought action fusion (TAF), responsibility and the overestimation of threat (RT), and overimportance and control thoughts (ICT), perfectionism and the intolerance of uncertainty (PC) in obsessive –compulsive disorder (OCD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depression disorder (MDD) and normal group for more clarification psychopathology of these disorders.

This study is causal-comparative research. The clinical samples include patients with OCD, GAD and MDD that referred to Sari Shahid Zareh hospital in 2015. From each of these clinical groups and normal people, 30 persons were selected available sampling method and accomplish obsessive beliefs questionnaire and thought action fusion scale. Data were analyzed by MANOVA.

The result of MANOVA and Tukey posthoc test showed that OCD group were significantly higher than other groups in TAF, RT and ICT (p

The main aim of the research is to study the relationship between attachment styles and alexithymia, anxiety and hypochondriasis among the students at the Islamic Azad, Ayatollah Amoli branch. From M.A students at the Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli branch. 330 individuals were selected randomly and completed questionnaires of attachment styles, Alexithymia, anxiety and hypochondriasis. In order to analyze the data, used from the Pearson correlation test and stepwise regression. The results showed that there is a relationship between secure attachment style and such variables alexithymia, anxiety and hypochondriasis.But According to the results obtained for the relationship between mutual avoidance attachment style and such variables as alexithymia, anxiety and hypochondriasis. There is a direct relationship between mutual attachment styleand such variables as alexithymia, anxiety and hypochondriasis. In addition, there is a significant and positive relationship between alexithymia, anxiety and hypochondriasis. Also, there is a positive relationship between hypochondriasis and anxiety.the result of regression was showed that ambivalent attachment was explained 24% of the variance of hypochondria and other predictors were alexithymia, anxiety, secure and insecure attachment ,respectively, that in sum was explained 36% of the variance of hypochondria. In fact, insufficient observation and weaknesses of sensitive and maternal responses will lead to insecure attachment behavior and bars development of the effective skills including emotional regulation and cognitive integrity. In consequence, it will lead to such psychological disorders as alexithymia, anxiety, stress,hypochondriasis as signs of requesting carefulness responses for others due to higher levels ofanxiety.

With attention to considered various cognitive factors in psychopathology of obsessive- compulsive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, the aim of this study was comparison of Thought Action Fusion (TAF), responsibility and the overestimation of threat (RT), and over importance and Control Thoughts (ICT), Perfectionism and The Intolerance of Uncertainty (PC) cognitive beliefs in Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Major Depression Disorder (MDD) and normal group to more clarification psychopathology of these disorders.
This study is causal-comparative research. The clinical samples include patients referred from January to June 2016 to Sari Shahid Zareh hospital in this regard. From each of these groups, 30 individuals were selected from hospitals and clinics of Sari and 30 individuals were selected accomplish obsessive beliefs questionnaire and thought action fusion scale. Data were analyzed by MANOVA.
The results of MANOVA and Tukey posthoc test showed that OCD group was significantly higher than other groups in TAF, RT and ICT (P0.086). Also, the results showed that all of these cognitive beliefs OCD and GAD groups were significantly higher than depression and normal groups (P According to these results, it seems that TAF, RT and ICT are more specific for OCD, but about PC there isn’t this specialty and it is common cognitive vulnerability in OCD and GAD.

The aim of this study is investigation cognitive and metacognitive theories and recent researches about obsessive - compulsive disorder (OCD). Salkovskis believes that critical cognitive component in OCD is inflated responsibility that a person has for her/him intrusive thoughts, this responsibility was caused naturalization behavior. In Rachman theory metacognitive bias such as thought- action fusion (TAF) has more important role. This bias increase responsibility and guilt. Also, this bias could increase compulsion for decreas those feeling. In Wells metacognitive theory is emphasized to metacognitive believes for example; lake of cognitive confidence, TAF, thought-event fusion and thought- object fusion. According to Clark cognitive thought control theory, existence some vulnerabilities such as anxiety trait, negative mood and metacognitive believes with interaction negative mood and events cause intrusive thoughts and unsuccessful try to control them intensify these thoughts. In sum, according to Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group (OCCWG) six cardinal cognitive pathology of OCD include: inflated responsibility, overestimation of threat and liklihood, TAF , overimportance and control thoughts, perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty, that in this article the relation of these factors and their relation with OCD symptoms was studied.

The main purpose of this investigation was study relationship among metacognitive beliefs، self- efficacy، optimism and exam anxiety in Mazandaran medical university. Other aims of this were study difference between two sexes in exam anxiety، metacognitive beliefs، self- efficacy and optimism. The sample of study included 207 students that selected with randomize cluster sampling and answered to Spielberger Exam Anxiety Inventory، short form of metacognitive questionnaire، Sherer self- efficacy inventory and revised form of Life Orientation Exam. Data was analyzed by stepwise regression، Pierson correlation and independent t-exam. There are positive significant relationship between dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs، positive beliefs about worry، Cognitive Self-consciousness and Cognitive Confidence. These factors with self- efficacy، optimism accounted for 27 present of the variation in the of exam anxiety. Moreover، the result showed that female exam anxiety and negative beliefs about thoughts uncontrollability was significantly greater from male but there were not any significant difference among other dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs and self- efficacy، optimism of two sexes. The result showed that metacognitive beliefes، self- efficacy and optimism have important role in exam anxiety; therefore these factors should be considered in educational and therapeutic actions for reduction exam anxiety.

Aim: The aim of this study was investigation about relationship between personality and university factors and academic motivation of Mazandaran Islamic Azad University students.
The sample of this study was 565 students from Behshahr, Aiatallah Amoli and Chalous branch of Islamic Azad University. From every technical, humanistic and basic science academic group one class from first and last term randomly was selected. The instruments of this study were NEO, student’s academic motivation questionnaire and university factors questionnaire. Data was analyzed by independent t-test, variance analyze, Pierson correlation and regression.
Three personality factors, openness to experience, conscientiousness and extroversion have the most correlation with academic motivation, respectively. Diploma scores average, satisfaction from academic situation, lectures interaction with students, hope for employment, academic and welfare facilities and staffs interaction with students have more role in accounting variation of academic motivation , respectively. The academic motivation mean of technical academic group is significantly more than humanistic science and basic science academic groups. Moreover, the academic motivation mean of the first year students is significantly more than last year students. Also, the girls’ academic motivation mean is significantly more than sons’ academic motivation mean.
There are positive relationship between openness to experience, conscientiousness , extroversion, satisfaction from academic, welfare situation and academic motivation lectures and staffs interaction with students, diploma score average, hope for employment and academic motivation.

this study was conducted to comparativelyinvestigatethe responsibility and thought-action fusion (TAF) role in obsessive compulsive)OCD) and generalized anxiety (GAD) disorders. a convenience sample of 23 people wereenrolled in each group comprising OCD, GAD and normal subjects. Participants were asked to complete therevised TAF(TAF-R) and responsibility attitude questionnaires. covariance analysis results indicated thatwith the control of responsibility, TAF scores in OCD were significantly higherthan GADand normal groups,whilewith the control of TAF, thedifference between the responsibility scoreinOCD and GAD groups was insignificant. Our findings are in line with theRachman theory suggesting the moresignificantrole ofTAFas compared to responsibilityin psychopathology of OCD.

In this review we studied the origins of thought – action fusion، its types، development and role in psychological disorders especially obsessive – compulsive disorder. Recent studies show that this construct has an important role in maintenance and increasing intrusive thoughts، altering them to clinical obsessive thoughts، doing compulsive actions for neutralizing obsessive thoughts and increasing responsibility for these thoughts. Also the role of this construct in other disorders as following is studied: generalized anxiety disorder، social phobia، panic disorder، post traumatic stress disorder، eating disorders and psychotic disorders.

The present review is based on recent investigations on neurological and psychological explanations for drug temptation. In neurological approach the role of different regions of brain (thalamus, nucleus accumbence, amygdale and anterior cingulate cortex) and different neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA) in temptation are examined. From psychological view, behavioral models (incentive motivations, conditioned incentive) and cognitive models (cognitive labeling, outcome expectancy, dual effect and information processing) are explored.

This study represents an investigation of the Salkovskis and Rachman's theories concerning the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). It seeks to determine the constructs of Thought-Action Fusion (TAF), feelings of responsibility and guilt that predict OCD original symptoms. To this end, 565 students of Shiraz University wereselected through random sampling. The participants in the study responded to "Thought-Action Fusion Scale", "PADUA Scale", "Responsibility Attitude Scale" and "Guilt Inventory".The results of stepwise multiple regression indicate that Thought- Action Fusion subscales are more predictive of the original obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Thus, moral component of this scale predicts OCD original symptoms more than other two constructs, i.e., the likelihood of realization of thoughts about self is the predictor of fear of guilt, and the likelihood of occurring negative events can be the predictor of obsessive checking and concerns losing motor behaviors.

The purpose of this study was to compare of Thought-Action Fusion (TAF) in four groups: 1.obsessive -compulsive disorder) OCD (, 2.major depression disorder (MDD), 3.comorbidity of OCD and MDD 4.normal group (N=80). The result of ANOVA and Tukey posthoc test showed that pure obsessional and comorbid group in all TAF subscales were significantly higher than depression and normal groups and comorbid group in moral TAF were significantly higher than other groups. This result could show the important role of TAF in shaping obsession and especially moral TAF in shaping comorbidity of OCD and depression.