فهرست مطالب محبوبه جوکار

The main problems of dried figs are the decrease of its quality due to activity of the harmful microorganism, the production aflatoxin B1 and pest by some insects, such as Plodia, so proper processing operations on this product are necessary. In this research, the ability to produce fig concentrate powder using spray dryer was investigated. The experiment was carried out in two steps. In the first stage, the effect of different levels of maltodextrin (three levels of 30, 40 and 50%) and silicon dioxide (two levels of 3 and 5%) on performance of dryer in powder production and optimal levels of additives was determined. In the second step, the effect of factors, temperature (two levels of 150 and 170 oC), inlet feed flow rate (two levels of 3 and 5 liters per hour) and nozzle pressure (two levels of 3 and 5 bar) in a completely randomized deign (CRD) on production performance and physical properties of fig concentrate powder were studied. The results showed that levels of 40% maltodextrin and 5% silicon dioxide had the highest effect on optimum powder production and lack of stickiness and lump (P≥0.50). In addition, it was found that the machine's performance increases with increasing inlet air temperature, increasing nozzle pressure and reducing feed flow rate. Decrease of flow rate of feed inlet and increase of the inlet air temperature and the nozzle pressure resulted in the production of a powder with lower moisture content and smaller diameter particle size (P≥0.50). It was also found that temperature, flow rate and nozzle pressure had a significant effect on powder solubility (P≥0.01). During 4 weeks of shelf life of selected powder sample (40% maltodextrin and 5% silicon dioxide, air temperature 170 °C, flow rate 3 liters per hour and pressure 5 bar) the values of color factors L*, a* and b* decreased 18, 9.1 and 9.41%, respectively.

The population decline in recent years that have taken place as a result of the lifestyle changes, is influenced by modernism and modernist principles. The importance of studying this subject is realized when we know that if this trend continues, we will face problems caused by the aging population. Hence, the present article seeks to address this question: What is the role of modernity in changing lifestyles and population decline in Iran?Adopting an analytical – descriptive method and using historical, sociological sources, this article studies the subject in question. The conclusion drawn out is that although different economic, cultural and social factors are said to be involved in the population decline in Iran, an important factor named modernity has been neglected to a great deal. Enumerating aspects of population decline such as changes in ideological vision, promoting consumerism, rising marriage age and divorce, underestimating parental rolewhich have occurred as a result of modernistide as spreading in society is another achievement of this article.

The dilemma of unhealthy relationships between girls and boys which have been imposed on Islamic society as a result of the influence of non-religious culture, is one of the important issues that has continuously preoccupied expert's minds. A study of this issue is important because of the fact that any rise in such relationships will pose danger to the body, soul and psyche of youngsters and teens affecting their success and accomplishments. It will also threaten the family leading eventually to declination and destruction of the society. Now the question that comes up is, what is actually the way out of this dilemma? Undoubtedly, any solution to this problem would require micro and macro approaches and decisions. In order to resolve such issues, it is necessary for the individual, society, family, society, state and institutions responsible for religious - cultural affairs, as well as artists and media to address this issue. Efforts have been in this article to study the ways through which such relationships could be abolished and the duties of the family, society, Islamic government, state, institutions responsible for religious – Islamic education and also artists and media should ascertained. Making use of exegetical, narrative, educational and psychological sources can be useful in this regard.

As a divine grace, modesty is approved by all divine religions, and it is one the most important factors of preservation and constancy of general chastity of society. The present paper aims at investigating the methods which Islamic doctrines recommended for the promotion of the modesty of individuals in order to safeguard the Islamic society against sexual deviations and corruptions by giving special attention to these methods. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the present paper tries to identify the model for promoting modesty in Islamic lifestyle by citing evidence from Quranic verses and available traditions on modesty, chastity, and limits of the relationship between non-mahram men and women, and elaborating on them. The main research findings indicate that promoting modesty as the basis of chastity and Hijab (covering) requires two basic elements: the first of which is more basic forms the basis of the other and provides the children in the family with correct sexual education, and the other one is to observe the limits of the society and attend to the religious recommendations in this regard, which is to be dealt with in the text of paper.

The Iranian family has always been going through developments over the history. The developments, however, have sometimes been towards growth and perfection and at other times, it has been moving on towards declination and decadence. Although most often the Iranian family has been having a growing trend, in recent decades we are witnessing anti-values in some of today’s families which are the effects or influence of imported Western culture making those families face with multiple problems. For this reason, the present article aims to look at some values (such as marriage and some other customs and traditions) among the old families which are rooted in the Islamic-Iranian identity of Iranians and by so doing, it hopes to study, though briefly, the trend of the development in the structure of the family and also some good customs and etiquettes so that a more profound step may be taken for reviving them in the Iranian family.

The religion of Islam has created mutual rights, liabilities and obligations for the couple to consolidate the basis of the family and to help it growand flourish. There is no doubt that the observance of these rights and obligations strengthens the relationship, brings about sincerity and prevents any chaos in the family. It is important to study the mutual rights and obligations from two perspectives: One, owing to the religious weakness of some people and also the influence of some intellectual, cultural and epistemological movements in the West especially the Feminist thinking, the family doctrines are losing ground and values as a result of which the couples have become increasingly negligent towards each other's rights not fulfilling their obligations properly. Obviously, any negligence on the part of the couple (given their important and effective roles in the family), will not only make the family relationship vulnerable but it can also disturb the rest of the family and bring about disintegration. Second, the inundation of many specious arguments such as the disparity of the rights and obligations of the couples in the family, and also the extraction of some of the religious injunctions from the body of the religion without having a comprehensive look at Islamic laws will lead to misuse of religious doctrines. Thus, it will create the misgiving that Islam has done injustice to women since it endorses a patriarchal attitude towards the duties and mutual obligations of men and women. This argument creates misunderstanding about the divine teachings of Islam. The present article has studied, with reliance on the Quran, traditions and views of jurists and lawyers and those of the psychologists about the philosophy of the differences in the rights and obligations of the couples, the common and specific duties of the couples. It has also examined the differences with esoteric (verses, narrations and Islamic jurisprudence) and exoteric (psychological) perspectives.

To offer exist strategies for the problem of unhealthy relationships between boys and girls, a phenomenon imposed on the Islamic society as a result of the influence of non-religious culture, has been an important discussion that has engaged experts’ minds and those of the theorists. Dealing with this issue in a scientific manner is very important because the development of this relationship not only inflicts serious damages on the body, soul and spirit of a youngster and an adolescent overshadowing his success and his future but it also undermines the foundation of the family as a consequence of which the society will be led day by day towards decadence and destruction. The question that arises is: What are the solutions to this problem? Without doubt, in order to find a solution to this problem we need to look at it considerately and broadly. We believe that eradication of such problems requires collective effort and the assistance of the individuals, family, society, state and the institutions in charge of religious and cultural affairs, the artists and media owners. In this study, efforts have been made to examine ways of treating this problem and eradicating this kind of relationship through evaluating the duties of the individuals, family, society, state and the institutions in charge of religious and cultural affairs, the artists and media owners. For further reading in this regard, the readers are advised to refer to related commentary, narrative, educational and psychological sources.

Nowadays, the unhealthy relationship between girls and boys is one of the problems facing today’s human society. Without doubt, in the present age which is the age of communication and amalgamation of cultures, this issue has turned into a problem or a challenge influenced by the dominant cultures of the world because making friends with someone from the opposite sex is not seen as abnormal in the Western society. Given that the youngsters always tend to get excited, this culture can easily influence them and gradually make evil things look good to them, irrespective of where and in which society they are. Therefore, the factors which give rise to unhealthy relationships or strengthen such relationships and also the negative consequences which this group of people may suffer on account of such relationships need to be studied and investigated seriously. The present writing seeks to delve into these factors and examine them.