محبوبه فرامرزی

A high percentage of pregnant women experience anxiety symptoms. A review of recent studies shows that current psychological interventions have not focused on pregnancy. Therefore, considering the importance of investigating anxiety disorders during pregnancy and the impact of these disorders on the mental health system, the evaluation of anxiety disorders should be considered in controlled clinical studies.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of computer-based cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy (ECBT) on emotion regulation in pregnant women with anxiety.

This study was quasi-experimental. The studied population consists of pregnant women from 13 to 30 weeks pregnant, singletons, and suffering from anxiety disorders in Babol city. In a pre-test and post-test design, 84 pregnant women at 13-30 weeks of pregnancy were divided into two experimental groups (n = 42) and control (n = 42). The participants in both groups completed Garnevsky's (2002) cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire in two pre-test and post-test series. The data were analyzed using variance analysis of repeated measurements and SPSS 26 software.

The results of this study showed that ECBT is able to improve emotion regulation in pregnant women (p<0.05). The pre-test and post-test of emotion regulation showed a significant difference in repeated measurement evaluation.

The results of this study suggest the use of computer-based cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing the emotional problems of pregnant women with anxiety disorders. Furthermore, the obtained results help psychologists and specialists in the field of women's health to gain new insights in relation to online treatments.

The level of patient adherence to treatment and medication orders is one of the important factors influencing the effectiveness of medical treatments. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between doctor-patient communication skills and the level of adherence to medication orders after discharge from the hospital.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 284 patients admitted to the surgery and urology departments of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Babol, where at least 48 hours had passed since their admission. Patients completed two questionnaires of doctor-patient communication skills (range 21-70) and Burton communication skills (range 18-90) in the hospital. Then, two weeks after discharge, the patients answered the two questionnaires of general adherence and the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale online or by telephone contact, and the results were analyzed.

The mean age of the participating patients was 50.65±18.20 years and the score of general adherence to treatment orders was 24.26±5.77 (range 7-30) and medication adherence was 8.54±2.91 (range 1-11). 222 patients (78.2%) had high adherence to treatment orders. Stepwise regression analysis showed that doctors’ communication skills were a positive factor in medication adherence (p<0.001, ß=0.336) and adherence to treatment orders (p<0.001, ß=0.331). Moreover, patients’ communication skills had a positive effect on medication adherence (p=0.01, ß=0.137) and general adherence to treatment orders (p<0.001, ß=0.205).

The results of the study showed that the communication skills of doctors and patients is a positive predictor of adherence to treatment and medication orders after discharge from the hospital.

Healthy ageing is beyond the presence or absence of disease, and is affected by a variety of factors. The aims of present study was to determine the rate of healthy aging in the older adults of Amol and to predict it based on individual, psychological and social factors.

In this descriptive-analytical study, 378 elderly people aged 60-74 years who refer to urban comprehensive health service centers in Amol city in 2020 were studied by simple random sampling. For data collection, demographic questionnaire, healthy ageing instrument, health self rating, ego integrity scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale and participation in leisure activities questionnaire were used. Data were analyzed in SPSS software version 26.

The mean total score of healthy ageing was 137.3±15.7 and 74.3% of the samples were at the high level of healthy old ageing. Among the various factors, participation in leisure activities was 79.6% of the samples at the average level and the lowest participation was related to the cultural activities dimension. The results indicate that the rate of participation in leisure activities, self-esteem and gender were predictors of healthy aging, respectively (P<0.05).

Participation in leisure activities, self-esteem and gender are effective components of healthy aging. Therefore, educating the older adults and encouraging them to participate in leisure activities, especially cultural activities, as well as developing and implementing programs to increase the self-esteem of the older adults can help promote healthy ageing.

The holy Qur'an is the eternal miracle of the Prophet of Islam, and is a book that heals and calms the souls of people so that Qur'an transforms fatigue and restlessness into peace and cures pain. Familiarity with the Qur'an, both outwardly and inwardly, can have a great effect on the formation of people's personality. Knowing personality traits is the best way to deal with these adversities in the light of the familiarity with Qur'an.  The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between familiarity with Qur'an and personality traits.

The population of this descriptive-comparative study was all students of the Islamic Azad University of Sari. The study sample was 228 students, randomly selected. Research tools included familiarity with Qur'an questionnaire and Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness (NEO) Personality inventory. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, standard deviation, charts and tables) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and multiple regression).

Three variables of personality trait (agreeableness, openness to experience and extraversion) entered into the regression analysis equation could significantly predict the variable of familiarity with Qur'an, but this relationship was inverse with openness to experience and had no relationship with neurosis (another variable of personality trait).

There was a significant relationship between familiarity with Qur'an and personality traits.

Maternal mental health is one of the factors affecting the development of the child, especially in the early years of life. Since lack of attention to development of infants and the following complications may lead to irreparable consequences, this study was performed to investigate the relationship between maternal mental health and the development of infants under one year of age.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 200 mothers with infants aged 12 months who referred to Babol health centers in 2018. The required data were collected using demographic questionnaire, Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) (score 21 and below means health and 22 and above means disorder) and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (scores between 20-34 are minimum, 35-45 mild, 46-54 average and greater than or equal to 57 are defined as severe).

The mean age of mothers in this study was 29.8±5.13 years. 29% of mothers had symptoms of mental disorder. The mean score of maternal general health was 19.20±11.89 and the mean score of the depression component was 2.45±3.62. In Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, there was a difference in infant weight index between growth percentiles of 15-50% and 50-85% at birth (p=0.015). However, no significant difference was observed with the growth process. Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) did not show a significant relationship with infants weight, height and head circumference at the end of one year. All infants had a normal growth pattern in all three indices of weight, height and head circumference.

The results showed that there is a relationship between maternal mental health and infant birth weight. But in the growth process, there is no relationship between infants growth indicators and mothers mental health.

The concept of healthy ageing has become important in daily life, academic world and ageing health policy making. Healthy ageing is a lifelong process of optimizing opportunities for improving and preserving physical, social and mental wellness, independence, and quality of life, as well as enhancing successful life-course transitions. Healthy ageing is beyond the presence or absence of disease, and is affected by a variety of factors. The purpose of this study was to review the physical, psychological, social aspects of healthy ageing.

In this review study conducted in 2020, the keyword of "healthy aging" was searched in "Google Scholar", "PubMed" and "Science Direct" from 2010 to 2020. Finally, 6 articles were reviewed in this study.

The results of the selected studies showed that physical activity, depression, loneliness, participation in leisure activities, perceived health status, ego-integrity, self-achievement, self-esteem, fair self-rated health, age, education, income, health behaviors, social participation, social support network, social support, self-efficacy and health-promoting behavior affected healthy ageing.

Healthy ageing is a multidimensional phenotype and does not merely capture the absence of clinical disease, but also incorporates freedom from physical disability, plus preserved cognitive, affective and social functioning and is affected by factors such as perceived health, ego-integrity, self-achievement and social support network.

Health behaviors, includes physical activity, nutrition, spiritual growth, responsibility, interpersonal relationships, and stress management. Since there is no specific tool for measuring the health behaviors of Iranian pregnant women, this study was conducted for the first time in the Iranian population in order to psychoanalyze the Persian scale of prenatal health behaviors scale.

This cross-sectional psychometric study was performed on 200 pregnant women in Babol and Amol pregnancy clinics by available sampling method. During the pregnancy care visit, women with a gestational age of 14 weeks or more completed demographic questionnaires and pregnancy health behaviors with a score range of 0-48. Scale psychometrics were performed using Cronbach s alpha and internal consistency obtained from retesting, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and with Amos software.

The mean health-promoting behaviors of pregnant women were 24.8±5.5 and destructive health behaviors were 23.7±14.2. The results of factor analysis showed that this scale in Iranian pregnant women has four domains of behavioral habits / destructive health nutrition, behavioral habits / health promoting nutrition, physical health promoting activities, destructive physical health habits with explained variance of 65.13%. Intra-cluster correlation index in all four areas of the questionnaire and also the total score of the test was above 0.9, which confirms the repeatability of this test.

According to the results of this study, the Persian scale of pregnancy health behaviors has a validity and reliability to assess the health and destructive behaviors of pregnant women in Iranian society and can be used in clinical and research situations.

Various treatment methods are used to deal with sexual problems.

This study was applied to answer the question of whether psychosexual therapy (PST) can be a reliable alternative to bupropion extended-release (BUP ER) to promote sexual function in infertile women.

In this randomized clinical trial, 105 infertile women with sexual dysfunction were randomly allocated to three groups: PST, BUP ER, and a control group. The PST group participated in a total of eight 2-hr group sessions. In BUP ER group, 150 mg/day Bupropion ER was administered for eight weeks. The control group did not receive any interventions.  The female sexual function index (FSFI) and a clinical interview were used to assess their sexual dysfunction.

The mean pre-to-post treatment scores of FSFI and its subscales increased significantly in PST and BUP ER groups (except in the subscale of sexual pain) (p= 0.0001, p= 0.0001). The changes in the subjects were not significant in the control group. After adjusting for the baseline values, the results remained significant for the mean FSFI (p= 0.0001), and its subscales between the groups. Compared to the control group, a significant increase was observed in the mean FSFI (p= 0.0001, p= 0.002) and its subscales in the PST group and in the BUP ER group (except in the subscale of sexual pain). Comparison of two intervention methods showed that PST had the better effect on the sexual function improving (p= 0.0001) and its subscales (exempting the subscale of orgasm) than BUP ER.  

PST can be considered not only a reliable alternative to pharmacotherapy; it also produces better results in terms of improving sexual function in infertile women.

Physiological changes in pregnancy cause profound challenges to mental health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of counseling based on Information-Behavioral Motivation Model on health promoting lifestyle behaviors and psychological well-being in overweight and obese pregnant women.

This randomized clinical trial was performed in 137 pregnant women with a BMI ≥25 and 12 to 16 weeks gestational age. The participants were divided into two groups of counseling (n=67) and routine care (n=70). The counseling group attended four sessions of counseling based on the Information-Behavioral Motivation Model, while the other group received routine care. Demographic information was recorded and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile [HPLP II] and Ryff's Psychological Well-being scale were completed before and 8 weeks after the intervention. Descriptive and inferential tests, ANOVA, and Multivariate Covariance Analysis (MANCOVA) were used to analyze the data.

Using the ANCOVA and MANCOVA test after adjusting the pre-intervention scores in both groups, the mean scores for health-promoting lifestyle behaviors and psychological well-being were found to be higher in intervention group compared to those in the group that received routine care (158.72±24.15 vs 141.29±24.88, P <0.001, d= 0.77 and 75.92 ± 7.87 vs. 72.17 ± 11.88, P= 0.04, d= 0.23, respectively).

Consultation based on Information-Behavioral Motivation Model improves health-promoting lifestyle and promotes level of mental well-being.
 
(Clinical Trials Registry Number: IRCT20120125008822N3)

The role of self-efficacy in the life of individuals has been identified as an important factor in the emergence and maintenance of symptoms and health promotion behaviors. Therefore, considering that today mental health plays a fundamental role in the personality evolution, this study aimed to modeling the relationship between self-efficacy and the mediating of health promotion behaviors in students. This descriptive-correlational study was carried out on 260 people, who were the students in the secondary level of middle school in Sari city in the period of 1396-1397. The subjects were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected by Sherer self-efficacy questionnaire, mental health scale, and Pender's health promotion behaviors questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS 24 and Amos 23 software using the Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling. Based on the results there was a significant relationship between all variables of the research (p= 0.01). Based on investigating the indexes of the goodness of fit, the model has good fitness. Self-efficacy ways and health promotion behaviors have a direct and significant effect on the mental health, as well as, self-efficacy with mediating of health-promoting behaviors has an in direct and significant effect on the mental health (p<0.05). Based on the final model, self-efficacy with mediating of health-promoting behaviors has an indirect effect on mental health (R2= 0.06). Self-efficacy directly and through the mediation of health promotion behaviors is effective on the mental health of students.

Mental health is an important variable that is affected by many factors. General health includes behaviors in which a person has proper nutrition, regular exercise, avoidance of destructive behaviors, timely diagnosis of disease symptoms, stress management, adaptation and correction of interpersonal relationships in the social dimension, and the potential for improving quality of life it has a mental health and emphasizes the improvement of life's behaviors. Young people are critical in shaping the future generation and promoting community health because they are considered to be relatively healthy in health promotion efforts worldwide. Adolescence is regarded as a vital period due to significant physiological, cognitive and psychological changes. It is likely that adolescent students will be affected by early maladaptive schemas, which are shaped in the past years of life. Early maladaptive schemas are the result of childhood traumatic experiences that gradually become patterned as ineffective behaviors. These schemes, without being aware of them, are dominant in his cognitive system; they are self-sustaining and show high resistance to change. When the early maladaptive schemas are activated, levels of excitement are released, and direct or indirect leads to various forms of psychological disturbances such as depression, anxiety, inability to work, substance misuse, interpersonal conflicts, lack of Attention to health and wellness and so on. According to the above, the present study intends to investigate the relationships between initial maladaptive schemas and the mediation of health-promoting behaviors due to the full range of links between early maladaptive schemas and health-promoting behaviors and mental health. Mentally. This research was correlation research based on Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The statistical population consisted of all secondary and secondary school students in Sari, selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The data gathering tool included the scale of early maladaptive schemas (Yang, 1994), mental health scale (Goldberg, 1979), and the scale of health promotion behaviors (Walker, 1987). For data analysis, structural regression equation modeling used and data analysis was performed using SPSS 24 and Amos 23 software. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the variables of early maladaptive schemas and mental health and a negative correlation between health promotion behaviors and mental health (p<0.001). According to the final model of research, the exogenous variable has the predictive power of mental health variable, and the research model was generally approved. Health promoting behaviors have a predictive role in mental health.c The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the variables of early maladaptive schemas and mental health and a negative correlation between health promotion behaviors and mental health (p<0.001). According to the final model of research, the exogenous variable has the predictive power of mental health variable, and the research model was generally approved. Health promoting behaviors have a predictive role in mental health.

Infertile women experience greater stress in their life and have lower quality of life compared to fertile women. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of mindfulness-based cognitive psychotherapy (MBCT) on quality of life in infertile women.
Methods & Materials: In a randomized clinical trial (IRCT2017021132321N2) with the Solomon four-group design, 60 infertile women referred to Fatemeh Zahra Infertility Research Center in Babol in 2015, were randomly assigned into four groups (15 in the group of experiment with pretest, 15 in the group of experiment without pretest, 15 in the group of control with pretest, 15 in the group of control without pretest). A total of thirty participants in the experimental group received MBCT in eight group sessions (120 minutes, once a week). The control group received no intervention. Thirty participants at the beginning and sixty participants at the end of study completed the Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-26). Data were analyzed by the SPSS software version 20 using univariate ANCOVA.
The mindfulness-based cognitive psychotherapy improved the quality of life in both experimental groups. The mean scores for all the four domains of quality of life including, physical health, psychological health, social relationships, and environment significantly increased in both experimental groups compared to control groups (P The use of MBCT as a reliable method for promoting the quality of life of infertile women is recommended in infertility clinics.

Background and Assessment of user satisfaction on library services is a major challenge in achieving appropriate services. The aim of this study was to evaluate user satisfaction with library services at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences based on LibQUAL model.
A descriptive study was conducted in 144 faculty members and students at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The participants were selected by convenience sampling. They reported their satisfaction on library services of different schools at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences via completing the LibQUAL scale.
This study showed that, user satisfaction in three components, including service affect, information control, and library as a place met the minimum level of expectations (5.25±1.05, 5.51±1.20, 5.69±1.50, respectively), but did not met the maximum level of expectations (6.43±1.79, 5.83±1.68, 5.83±1.97, respectively). Similar Satisfaction level was seen in faculty members and students on the service affect. In dimension of information services, the expectation level of faculty members was higher than that of students, but their satisfaction level on library as a place was less than that of the students.
The libraries and information centers studied here, met the needs of users at average levels, but they are believed to be far from ideal levels.

Breast cancer is the most common and the most influential type of cancer in women, which causes deep excitement and severe emotional problems. Considering the increase in survival rates, patients with breast cancer continue to live longer with this disease and its complications and stresses, compared with patients with other types of cancer, which may affect the psychological well-being of this group of patients. This study was conducted to determine the psychological well-being of women with breast cancer and its relationship with emotional intelligence.
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 90 women with breast cancer who referred for treatment or counseling to one of the hospitals of Shahid Rajaee in Babolsar, Ayatollah Rohani in Babol and the Cancer Counseling and Screening Center in Babol, using convenience sampling. In addition to demographic questions, Bradberry & Greaves's Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (possible range = 0 – 140) and Ryff's Psychological Well-being Scale (possible range = 0–108) were completed.
FINDINGS: The mean age of the participants was 45.98 ± 9.74 with an age range of 24 – 70 years. The mean score of psychological well-being was 75.01±12.10 and the mean score of emotional intelligence was 77.14 ± 19.53 and psychological well-being had a significant relationship with emotional intelligence (r = 0.45, p

The aim of this research was to analyze the effectiveness of the cognitive-behavioral group therapy on social anxiety, social self-efficiency and rumination of female students. This was an experimental study (pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group plan). By using a simple random sampling method, out of 338 female students with the age range of 20-29 using Watson & Friend Social Anxiety Questionnaire (SAQ), Self-efficiency Questionnaire for Social Situations (SESS) and Rumination Responses Scale (RRS) and the eligible individuals diagnostic interview(having social anxiety diagnostic cut-off score) based on DSM-IV-TR,16 subjects have been selected and randomly placed in two groups of experimental and control (8 for each group).The experimental group received 8 cognitive-behavioral group therapy sessions, but control group did not undergo any special treatment. Two months after treatment termination, follow-up has been conducted. Subjects in both groups before and after the intervention, and two-month follow-up questionnaire, SAQ, SESS, RRS completed. To analyze data, descriptive statistical methods and covariance analysis test have been applied. The covariance analysis test results showed that there was a meaningful difference between the mean scores of social anxiety, social self-efficiency and rumination of the two groups (control& experiment). Also, results showed a significant difference in a two-month follow-up (p

obsessive- compulsive disorder is one of the serious complications of psychological health and imposes huge economic and social expenditures annually on society and its disabling symptoms impair the individual's interpersonal function, job and life. The aims of this research were to analyze the effectiveness of group mindfulness based cognitive therapy on obsessive-compulsive disorder, metacognitive beliefs and rumination in female university students. This was an experimental study (pre-test& post-test –follow-up with control group plan). By applying simple random sampling method, out of 338 female students with age range 20-29 by Maudsley Obsessive­­-Compulsive inventory(MOCI), Metacognitive Beliefs Questionnaire (MCQ-30) & Rumination Responses Scale (RRS) and the eligible individuals diagnostic interview (with Obsessive­­-Compulsive diagnostic cut-off score) based on DSM-IV-TR,16 subjects have been selected and randomly put in the experiment and control groups (8 for each group). The experiment group received 8 sessions of group mindfulness based cognitive therapy while the control group had no special treatment. Two months after the treatment was over, follow-up was executed subject in both groups before and after the intervention, and two-month follow-up questionnaire, MOCI, MCQ-30, RRS completed. Analyzing data, descriptive statistical methods and covariance analysis test have been employed. The results of covariance test showed a meaningful difference (p<0.005) in the two groups (control &experiment), in terms of Obsessive-compulsive, metacognitive beliefs & rumination scores. Regarding the mentioned findings, it can be concluded that group mindfulness based cognitive therapy is effective in decreasing obsessive­­- compulsive, metacognitive beliefs & rumination of the girl students with obsessive-compulsive disorder, and the therapeutic changes created almost remained stable after two-month follow-up.

Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is one of the most complications of pregnancy that has markedly negative effect on life quality of women. As the identification of factors affecting the complication is important, the aim of the study was to compare the socio-psychological factors in pregnant women including anxiety, depression, specific pregnancy stress, socioeconomic status, and social support in women with NVP and without NVP. This project was a causal-comparative study. Two hundred pregnant women with nausea and vomiting who were ≤12 weeks of gestational age were enrolled. All subjects filled out four questionnaires including, pregnancy experience scale (PES), depression, anxiety, stress (DASS21), social support questionnaire (SSQ) and demographic questionnaire. Statistical tests of Pearson correlation, Chi Square, and linear multiple regressions were used to analysis the data. Most of the women had mild to moderate NVP (87%). Women with VPN had significantly a higher score compared with non- NVP in the following variables: pregnancy experience stress (85.5% vs 14.5%), depression (89% vs 11.1%), anxiety (68.8% vs 31.2%), low social support (68.1% vs 31.9%) and low socioeconomic status (73% vs 26.7%). In linear multiple regression analysis, the most important positive significant variable was pregnancy stress (β=2.67). Also, negative predictors were social support (β=-0.227) and low socioeconomic status (β=-0.058). Women with NVP have specific pregnancy stress, anxiety, and depression more than women without NVP. Also, women with NVP have lower social support and socio-economic status as compared to women without NVP. This study propose that professionals of mother care could consider the role of psychosocial factors of specific pregnancy stress, socio-economic status, and social support in prevention and treatment of NVP.

Survey in learning strategies and its relation with academic achievement will result in movement toward optimal learning. The purpose of this survey was to assess the relation between learning strategies and academic performance in students of Babol University of Medical Sciences. Instrument & In this descriptive-analytical correlation study that was performed in Babol University of Medical Sciences in 2013-14 academic year, 199 students of Medicine, Density, and Paramedicine (90 male and 109 female) was selected with stratified sampling method. Data was gathered with standard studying and learning strategies questionnaire (LASS) and the student's grade point averages (GPA) and were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression, independent T and ANOVA tests using SPSS 18 software. The mean of all of the subscales including passion, skill and self-regulation were significantly higher in female than male (p<0.05). All of the subscales of learning strategies had significant positive relationship with academic achievement, except skills and processing information. The strongest positive predictors of academic achievement were main idea (B=0.343), processing information (B=0.288) and test-strategies (B=0.229). Also, GPA predicted 24.7% of total variance of academic achievement. Students with high-achievement had higher means than low-achievement in all 10 sub-scales of learning strategies, except processing information (p<0.05). Learning strategies has high role in the predicting of academic achievement.

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between the Big Five personality traits, organizational commitment and perceived stress in police personnel have been implemented. In the context of this study is descriptive. Thus, with regard to the background in the field of research studies the following hypotheses were proposed:1. Between the Big Five personality traits and organizational commitment of employees there is a significant relationship between the police force. 2. Between the Big Five personality and perceived stress in police staff, there was a significant relationship. 3. Between organizational commitment and perceived stress in police staff, there was a significant relationship. Study population the study of all police staff province, is formed. The total sample size of 240 and 200 were males and 40 were females. To implement the questionnaire stage cluster sampling was used. In this study to measure the variables of the NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Inventory Allen and Meyer's organizational commitment and perceived stress questionnaire was used. The statistical methods such as tables, charts, frequency, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used statistical methods. In general, it was found that the Big Five personality traits, organizational commitment and perceived stress in police staff, there was a significant relationship.

A comprehensive exam that can test midwifery students to evaluate their professional ability is the important. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the factors influencing the outcome of comprehensive exam on this group of students. This descriptive - analytical study was performed on 69 midwifery students who participated in three recent comprehensive exams. The students were divided into two groups: the successful and the unsuccessful, based on the mean of comprehensive exam scores. The comprehensive exam results were studied in the three factors; psychological factors, demographic and educational background. The information was collected through a researchermade questionnaire and also by filling out anxiety TAI questionnaire. The mean score of the comprehensive exam was 13±1/8 based on62/3(43) the midwifery students who were successful in this test. Between the two groups there were no significant differences in demographic characteristics. But low grade point mean and term time anxiety score showed a significant correlation with success in the comprehensive exam (p≤0/001). Correlation test showed that the family status also has a significant role in student is success in comprehensive exams(R=0/516, P≤0/05). According to this study, the educational background and psychological factors had the greatest impact on the outcome of comprehensive exam. It is best to plan for the future is program to improve the student's academic achievement and psychological counseling for anxiety, especially during the exam.

The infertility is associated with psychological consequence including depression, and lack of self-efficacy. The aim of this study was to compare the pharmacological and no pharmacological strategies in promotion of self-efficacy of infertile women. A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 89 infertile women who were recruited from Fatemeh Zahra Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center and were randomized into three groups; cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), antidepressant therapy with flouxetine 20 mg daily for 3 month, and a control group. All participants completed Infertility Self-efficacy Inventory (ISE) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) at the beginning and end of the study. The means ISE scores among the CBT, fluoxetine, and control groups at the beginning and end of the study were 6.1±1.6 vs. 7.2±0.9, 6.4±1.4 vs. 6.9±1.3 and 6.1±1.1 vs. 5.9±1.4 respectively. Both CBT and fluoxetine increased the mean of ISE scores more than control group after intervention (p<0.0001, p=0.033; respectively), but increase in the CBT group was significantly greater than flouxetine group. Finally, there was evidence of high infertility self-efficacy for women exposed to the intervention compared with those in the control group. Also, there was an improvement in depression. Both fluoxetine and CBT decreased significantly the mean of BDI scores more than the control group; decrease in the CBT group was significantly more than that in the fluoxetine group. CBT can serve as an effective psychosocial intervention for promoting self-efficacy of infertile women.

Functional dyspepsia is one of the most upper gastrointestinal disorders that affect the life quality of patients and medical expenses. In spite of supporting evidences، the effect of the psychological factors on beginning and continuing of this disorder is increasing; little information is available regarding the relationship of personality traits with functional dyspepsia. The purpose of this study was to compare personality traits between healthy individuals and the patients with functional dyspepsia. This case-control study was performed on 60 patients aged 20-65 years old who referred to two gastroenterology clinics of Babol hospitals and diagnosed as functional dyspepsia according to laboratory and sonography tests. Sixty healthy individuals who were matched with case group regarding to age، sex and educational level were included in the study. They filled out the NEO-FFI five-factor model of personality questionnaire. Then two groups were compared regarding to psychological variables of neuroticism، extraversion، openness to experience، agreeableness and conscientiousness. The results showed that the mean of crude scores of neuroticism (with 12-60 ranges) in patients with functional dyspepsia (26. 43±7. 48) were significantly higher than healthy individuals (21. 22±7. 01) (p<0. 001). Also، the mean of crude scores of openness to experience (with 12-60 ranges) in patients with functional dyspepsia (23. 90±3. 86) were significantly lower than healthy individuals (26. 32±4. 71) (p=0. 003). There was no significant difference in extraversion and agreeableness as well as conscientiousness between patients with functional dyspepsia and healthy individuals. The results showed that functional dyspepsia is related to two personality traits: high neurotic and low openness to experience

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is one of the gastrointestinal diseases that are common، disabling، and costly. Few data are available on the role of psychotherapy in the treatment of dyspeptic syndromes. The purpose of this study was to assess whether brief core conflictual relationship theme (CCRT) psychoanalytic psychotherapy improves gastrointestinal and conflict management strategies in patients with dyspepsia. A clinical randomized، controlled trial was planned in two therapeutic educational hospitals in Babol city. Thirty female patients with available sampling with FD randomly assigned to standard medical treatment with CCRT psychotherapy (15 subjects) or standard medical treatment alone (15 subjects). Gastrointestinal and conflict management strategies were assessed with Patient Assessment of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorder-Symptom Severity Index and Rahim Organization Conflict Inventory، before the trial، after treatment، and at 3-month follow-up. Independent T test and ANCOVA were used to analysis of the data. The comparisons of the mean changes in the scores between the two groups showed that CCRT psychotherapy improved all of the FD symptoms، including heartburn، nausea، fullness، bloating، upper abdominal pain، and lower abdominal pain، after treatment and at follow-up. Also، the CCRT treatment significantly improved conflict constructive management strategies of integrating، obligating، and accommodating، and decreased conflict destructive management strategies of dominating and avoiding، after treatment and at follow-up. Brief CCRT psychoanalytic psychotherapy is a reliable method for improving gastrointestinal symptoms and conflict management strategies in patients with functional dyspepsia.

Labor pain is the most severe pain that a woman experiences during her life. With attention to different methods of painless labor such as entonox gas, but unfortunately the most people concerned about it. The purpose of this study was to assess painless labor with entonox gas.

This clinical trial study was performed on 98 pregnant women in active phase of delivery in Shahid Yahyanejad hospital, Babol, Iran. After getting consent, they were randomly divided in two groups: intervention group=49 and control group=49. Efficacy, experience and satisfaction were measured in five levels: excellent, good, moderate, weak and none. Expectation of pregnant women about entonox gas in two groups and also before and after using entonox gas in intervention group was compared.

The most pregnant women in intervention group had less labor pain (91.8%), and satisfied with it (98%). Reduction of labor pain was in moderate level in most cases (43.9%). Forty-nine percent of pregnant women receiving gas described their experience as good and excellent and 80.9% indicated that they will request entonox gas in future. The amount of suffering from gas complications was mild in most pregnant women in intervention group (63%). Expectation of the majority of pregnant women in intervention group (before receiving gas) and in control group was weak (65.3%, 40.9%). The percentage of positive expectations increased after receiving entonox gas (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between the expectations of intervention group before and after receiving entonox gas and control group (p<0.05). Positive expectations were more in intervention group than control group. Most differences of expectations in intervention group before and after receiving the gas were: higher efficacy (p<0.05), more satisfaction (p<0.05), less complications (p<0.05), information about gas as painless labor method (p<0.05), and also previous experience of intolerable labor pain (p<0.05).

This study showed that using entonox gas caused less labor pain, favorite expectation and experience, and also more maternal satisfaction.