فهرست مطالب محسن آب شناس

In recent years, the heightened concentration of greenhouse gases has brought increased attention to the pressing issue of climate change. Therefore, monitoring climatic variables to prevent the adverse effects of climate change is more important than ever. In the pursuit of long-term climatic forecasting and the assessment of their evolving patterns, various international scientific societies have concentrated their efforts on understanding the extent of climate change and devising measures to counter its adverse effects. The development of general circulation models of the atmosphere (GCM) has been a significant stride in this direction. However, GCMs may lack precision in predicting minor changes at a local scale. To address this limitation, the utilization of downscaling models such as SDSM and Lars_WG (that were used here) becomes imperative. These models serve as essential tools for simulating the viability of cultivating agricultural species in the future, especially when considering localized impacts. Because climate change will probably change the conditions for growing canola, as one of the strategic and prominent crops in Iran, studying the effects of this worldwide event on the canola-grown fields in the future is needed. 

In this research, using temperature and precipitation forecasting models along with GIS functions and hierarchical analysis process (AHP), canola suitability classes for 2050 were determined in Mazandaran Province. For this, 37 meteorological and synoptic stations were involved, and climatic data (including temperatures and precipitation) were generated under three RCP scenarios (2.6, 4.5, 8.5). In this study, we utilized two general circulation models (Can-ESM2 and HadGEM2-ES) that had been recommended for application in the study area.

A comparison of the involved models showed that the SDSM model was superior in predicting temperature, while the Lars-WG model performed better in predicting precipitation. The results for the land suitability revealed that the changes in climatic variables in the future would lead to changing the suitability of agricultural lands for growing canola. The examination of temperature change maps in the investigated region revealed that both minimum and maximum temperature variables are poised to rise under climate change scenarios, with a more pronounced increase anticipated in maximum temperatures. The findings indicate that the projected temperature increase in the future will establish more conducive conditions for canola cultivation. Additionally, precipitation patterns exhibit an increase in both RCP 2.6 and 4 scenarios, with a more substantial rise in the RCP 2.6 scenario. Conversely, the RCP 8.5 scenario predicts a decline in precipitation levels. Top of Form
Also, considering the climate change scenarios, the spatial distribution and the area of each suitability class changed slightly, so the high-suitable class will extend under RCP2.6, especially toward the center parts of the study area. Under RCP 8.5 and RCP 4.5 scenarios, not only suitable lands were not considerable, but also the less suitable land extended to the southern and western parts of the study area.

The output of the land suitability maps showed that climate change would change the suitability of the studied agricultural lands in the future. Also, with the implementation of the climate change scenarios, the area and geographical distribution of detected classes will change. In general, in the optimistic scenario, the lands will be more appropriate for canola cultivation and will cover a wider area. In other scenarios, the conditions for canola cultivation in the lands of Mazandaran will be more unsuitable compared to the present, and the decrease in the level of suitability will be more evident in the western and southern lands of the province. Therefore, solutions such as the use of more compatible cultivars and changes in agricultural management in facing new conditions in these areas should be considered. The outcomes of these studies offer practical insights for shaping regional planting strategies, aiding decisions on crop inclusion or exclusion, and informing the overall design of agricultural patterns in the area

Due to increasing world population and consequently the further need to produce more food for humans and livestock, cultivation of saline soils for agriculture in arid and semi-arid areas is a conspicuous necessity. Salicornia plant with the scientific name Salicornia sp. which relate to Chenopodiceae family is a suitable option to introduce in those regions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of glycine betaine priming and foliar application on Salicornia plant resistance improving to different levels of salinity. In first stage, salinity treatment of sodium chloride (150, 300, 450 and 600 mM) as the first factor and glycine betaine in five levels (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mM) as the second factors were used. The second stage was sodium chloride treatment at three levels (150, 300 and 450 mM) and glycine betaines in three levels (0, 60 and 120 mM),as the first and second factors respectively. High levels of salinity in both stages delayed and suppressed germination and plant growth parameters of salicornia plant. Seed priming and glycine betaine foliar application reduced the negative effects of salinity on related indicators of germination as well as other traits. According to the results, seed priming with 90 and 120 mM glycine betaine and foliar application of 120 mM were the best treatments. In addition, the most suitable salinity levels for the growth and development of Salicornia were determined as 300 mM of sodium chloride. According to the results, the negative impacts of salinity (with NaCl) on germination and seedling growth parameters of Salicornia plant are well known, but seed priming and foliar application of glycinebetaine greatly reduces the negative effects of salt stress on germination-related indices and other studied traits in this experiment.
Key words: Free radicals, Germination, Glycine betaine, Salicornia, Salinity stress.