فهرست مطالب محسن نوروزیان

The testicular artery is a branch of the abdominal aorta that originates below the origin of the renal artery at the level of the second lumbar spine. This artery has variations in its origin and pathway and may originate from the renal artery, internal or common iliac, higher levels of the abdominal aorta .The main artery is the testis feeder and plays an important role in the physiology of the testes, testicular surgery and the kidney. Testicular artery variation is associated with renal anomalies and variations.

During a posterior abdominal wall dissection, a 45-year-old man was observed in the department of biology and anatomy of shahid beheshti university of medical sciences after separating the parietal peritoneum from the posterior wall elements. the left testicular artery is separated from the left renal artery.

Knowing these variations during testicular, kidney, abdominal and pelvic surgery is important to prevent complications such as kidney hypoperfusion.

Skeletal remains play an important role in forensic and anthropological studies and investigations to determine the individuals’ sex and age. The Mandibular bone is the largest and strongest skull bone that remains almost intact after death. Due to the varying size and shape of the mandible in men and women, the researchers use the morphometric properties of this bone to determine sex. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the morphometric parameters of the mandible in Tehran population.

In the present descriptive study, 100 orthopantomographs (from 50 males and 50 females) were used to measure three parameters of mandible including ramus length, ramus width, and body length. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 25.0 software running T-test with the significance level set at <0.05 (P <0.05).

The mean length of ramus in men and women were 74 and 67 mm, respectively (P <0.05). The mean length of ramus was longer in men on both right and left sides as compared with the women. Also, the mean parameter measure on the left side was found to be greater than that of the right side in both sexes. There was no significant difference between the width of the ramus and the length of the mandibular body between men and women.

It can be concluded that the measurement of mandibular ramus parameters is an important indicator of gender determination in forensics and anthropology.

The median nerve is one of the most important branches of the brachial plexus. Due to the role of the median nerve in sensory and motor innervation of the forearm and hand in the upper limbs, its blood supply is very important. Awareness of variations in the blood supply pattern to this nerve reduces the incidence of necrosis and ischemia of the nerve during surgical and diagnostic procedures.

During routine dissection of the cadaver of a 65-year-old man fixed in formalin (10%), in the Department of Anatomy and Reproductive Biology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, a rare variation was observed in the median nerve nutritional artery at the distal end of the left forearm. After dissection of the skin, superficial and deep fascia, anterior compartment forearm muscles, nerves and blood vessels were exposed from surrounding tissues. The median nerve passed through the two heads of the pronator teres muscle and left the cubital fossa in the depth of the flexor digitorum superficialis and the surface of the flexor digitorum profundus in the forearm. It was observed that at the distal end of the left forearm between the flexor carpi radialis and the flexor digitorum superficialis, a relatively thick branch originates from the radial artery and supplies blood to the median nerve. This branch was separated from the radial artery (before the artery enters the anatomical snuffbox) and crossed the surface of the flexor carpi radialis muscle and inserted into the median nerve sheath. In the forearm, this branch was the only artery supplying blood to the median nerve.

Due to the superficial position of the median nerve at the distal end of the forearm, physical damage to the nerve and its nutritional artery leads to necrosis and ischemia of the nerve, and ultimately disturbed the transmission of sensory and motor messages.

Kidneys are the vital organs of the body. Left and right renal arteries supply blood to them. Variations are common in the pattern of kidney vessels and this variety includes the accessory and aberrant renal artery.

During routine dissection of an approximately 65-year-old male cadaver, we observed that below the origin of the left main renal artery, an accessory renal artery originates from the abdominal aorta and enters the left renal hilum. Also, the left main renal artery is divided into anterior and posterior trunks before entering the hilum, that the anterior and posterior trunks are divided into three and two branches, respectively.

Awareness of anatomy and variations associated with the kidney, such as the presence of an accessory renal artery, is of great clinical importance and helps surgeons and specialists during surgical and medical procedures.

Four of the most important morphometric parameters of distal end radius (DER) are Radial inclination, Ulnar variance, Palmar tilt, and Radial length. Measurement of these parameters are applicable in the diagnosis and treatment of the injuries around the wrist and distal part of the forearm, namely fractures and dislocations. The current study was designed and executed to measure the morphometric parameters of the DER in patients referred to Aban hospital located in Tehran.

A single hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients (50 male and 50 female) referred to ’Aban’ Hospital in Tehran from July 2017 to August 2017 for the radiography of the wrist and DER. Since the data was not normally distributed, Mann-Whitney test was used for data analysis, and the level of significance was considered less than 0.05.

A total of 100 radiographic images were included in the present study (male= 50, female= 50). Participants' age range was between 18-62 years with an average of 38/5 years. The average values of radial inclination, radial length, and ulnar variance were 17.5° ± 5.3, 10.04 mm ± 2.6, and 3.6 mm ±1.8, respectively.

No significant difference was found between the average size of the distal radius end morphometric parameters between the right and left side and the two sexes.

The ulna bone is one of the most important bones of the upper limb. Ulceranon fractures of this bone are very common. The proximal ulna dorsal angulation is part of the normal proximal anatomy of ulna that may cause functional elbow problems in the future if the puda is not reconstructed. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence and size of proximal ulna dorsal angulation (Puda) and tip to apex distances with respect to age and sex, which can be used in surgical interventions and can be used in proximal ulna platinum designs.

This study is descriptive - sectional which has been performed on the 109 bilateral elbow graphy and two variables puda and Tip to apex distance were evaluated. furthermore, the test of t - test was done at 0.05 level. spss software was analyzed using spss 26.

data analysis showed that there is no significant difference between the sexes and between the sexes  independent in each gender. the tip to apex distance   between the two sexes and among men showed a significant difference.

The results of this study showed that tip to apex distance may be different for different reasons for different societies and genders and may be due to the variety of anatomical platinum used in ulna bone fractures.

Morphological alterations of hippocampus and dentate gyrus due to opium were reported in humans and animals. Also other evidences have shown that astrocytes actively participate in synaptic plasticity. This study was done to determine the conditioning place preference (CPP) on astrocytes number of Rat dentate gyrus by immunohistochemical technique.

In this experimental study, 48 male Wistar Rat weighted average 220-250 g were used. For behavioural tests, Rats divided into eight experimental groups. The Rats were received morphine at different doses (2.5, 5, 7.5 mg/kg) for three days by subcutaneous injection and sham groups, received saline dose (1 mg/kg) and then CPP test in them were investigated. 48 hours after behavioural testing animals were decapitated under chloroform anesthesia and their brains fixed and after tissue processing, slices stained with immunohistochemistery techniques. For morphometric study PTAH staining of astrocytes was used.

The most dose responses of morphine was observed in 7.5mg/kg. The number of astrocytes in the controls (20.627±6.129) was similar to control-saline group (17.339±4.71). This difference was not significant, while the difference in the number of astrocytes in control group with morphine-treated experimental groups was significant (P<0.05).

We concluded that the phenomenon of conditioned place preference induced by morphine can cause a significant increase in the number of astrocytes of sham and experimental groups compared to controls.

The aim of present investigation was to determine the effects of low- level He-Ne laser therapy on biomechanical property of skin wound of healthy and streptozotocin induced diabetic (STZ-D) rats.

The study was performed by experimental method. 36 male adult Wistar rats weighing above 250 gr. were used. Rats were divided equally into control and experimental groups, each group (n=18) were equally divided into 3 subgroups in order to radiate 3 different energy densities of laser. Weight of healthy and diabetic rats were recorded in the beginning and at the end of study. Blood glucose of rats in the beginning of study was recorded and rats with more than 120 mg/dl were excluded from study. Diabetes was induced by one time intra peritoneal injection of 55 mg/kg STZ. After one month, hyperglycemia was established in experimental group.Two 15-mm, vertical incision wounds were made on the dorsum of rats. Three groups of healthy and diabetic rats were received 22.4J/cm2, 1.2J/cm2 and 4J/cm2 energy densities He-Ne laser for two weeks. At the end of study, rats were killed and skin sample were extracted and were submitted to a biomechanical evaluation (maximum force) examination. Data was analyzed by paired student ttest methods.