فهرست مطالب محمد آقائی

During the years 1332 to 1357, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi used the method of maintaining political stability through force and repression. Like his father, his regime eventually relied on oil revenues and the military; it was even more heavily dependent on the United States. The main purpose of this article is to study the power of repression and violence in the Pahlavi regime. The data collection method is a qualitative analysis of the type of documentary analysis and the tools of text and fish collection that have been performed using Visio software software. In this article, the violence of the Pahlavi regime is examined in three political, cultural, and social dimensions, and the tools of violence are examined in two categories: intelligence, security, and military. He himself resorted to repression and violence; he used all aspects of political, cultural, and social violence through the military and SAVAK and the Joint Anti-Sabotage Committee to carry out these programs for his own benefit; The second was the victory of the Islamic Revolution

The purpose of this research is to investigate how the matching of values and empowerment of Bank Melli employees affect the attractiveness of its employer brand and also show the effect of the attractiveness of the employer brand on the employer value proposition in this bank. The research method has been applied and developmental in terms of purpose, and the structural equation method with SMART PLS software has been used for data analysis. This research's statistical population is the National Bank employees, which is determined based on Morgan Table 394. In this research, a questionnaire was used to measure the variables. The reliability of this questionnaire has been confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Convergent and divergent methods have also been used in the narrative section. This research shows that catching individual values with National Bank's values makes the employer's brand more attractive to employees. In addition, the results of the alignment of this research with signal theory show that empowered employees are critical resources while participating in the bank, and sending positive signals leads to strengthening the attractiveness of the employer's brand. Another significant result shows that the employees of the National Bank have a higher identity with the internal groups, consider themselves members of the bank's big family, and take measures to improve the bank's performance.

The use of social media is increasing. In Iran, in recent years, different social media have been presented. These networks are mainly offered in the form of mobile platforms. The primary purpose of this study is to present a model of Iranian consumers' behavior on social networks. The method of this research was applied correlation and survey. In this study, the statistical population included social network users to examine the fit of the final model. Using the Morgan table, the sample size was 384 people. The sampling method was Simple random sampling. In order to measure the research indicators, a researcher-made questionnaire was prepared based on the research literature. Its Reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficients (0.75), and its validity was confirmed using CFA and fit indices. This research was implemented in 2021, and the questionnaire was also distributed in the summer of this year. The results of this research confirmed the relationship between 7 leading indicators in the form of functions, usability, privacy, network content, marketing, and psyxchological and environmental factors with consumer behavior in social networks. Based on the obtained results, the theoretical basis of the research was valid, and the developed model/scale was suitable for measuring the behavior of Iranian consumers in social networks.

The present study is an attempt to present a model of digital marketing capabilities in chain stores since, in recent years, customers tend to shop online to gain faster and easier services as well as new experiences, and digital marketing is tied with new concepts and terms such as Martech, Figital and Next technologies. However, the challenges and risks inherent in online digital shopping can erode trust and lead to subpar customer experiences, prompting shoppers to withdraw from the platform. Despite the importance of this issue, there is no model for digital marketing capabilities in chain stores so that the managers of these stores can identify their strengths and weaknesses, as well as their competitive advantage in this area. In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 experts in marketing, information technology and chain stores of the country, using the qualitative data-based approach (Glaser), which was followed by open, selective and theoretical coding of the data using Maxqda software. Moreover, a systematic review of the previous research was done to enrich the dimensions extracted from the interviews, and based on this, the diamond model of digital marketing capabilities in chain stores was presented, which includes five dimensions: Martech Capability-Maintenance Technologies, Martech Capability-Transformational Technologies, Networking Capability, Digital Relations Capability and Marketing Capability for the Next Best Action, all of which result in the digital customer experience. Among the above mentioned dimensions, martech-transformative technologies due to the existence of the important components such as blockchain and artificial intelligence and the dimension of Next best action marketing are called meta-capabilities. Chain stores, using this model, can measure the level of their digital marketing capabilities and plan to achieve their desired situation.

Today, one of the favorite subjects of structural engineering researchers is the methods based on the optimization of structures called RBDO, or the optimization based on the reliability of structures. In this field, optimization problems are designed and optimized according to probabilistic constraints. In the current research, the problem of optimizing the circular water tank has been optimally designed. The target function in this research is the cost of building a reinforced concrete tank, and its possible limitations include resistance and serviceability limitations such as the ratio of demand to capacity, the amount of crack width, and deformations of the structure. Designing resistance and serviceability criteria is Regulation 123 of the country's management and planning organization. Finally, to show the efficiency and proper performance of the MCMC simulation and optimization method used in this research to solve the problem of tank design, a water tank with a volume of 113 m³ has been investigated. Also, the modeling of this reservoir has been done in SAP2000 software and computer programming by MCMC method in MATLAB software.

Today, internet-based technologies have brought new transformations to human life. Customers are able to compare products offered by sellers around the world to buy their online products. On the one hand, the widespread use of these technologies provides benefits for online companies that are constantly increasing. The importance of this issue is felt when there is a lot of competition between a large number of similar companies with different types of services. Now, companies are using social media technologies to advertise information about their brands. Social media are a good option for accessing and collecting information from other consumers. These media are widely used for social media marketing and provide various methods for marketers to reach and interact with consumers. Social media marketing refers to "the use of social media technologies, channels, and software to create, deliver, exchange, and provide offerings that have value for the stakeholders of an organization." Online marketing activities lead to the development of knowledge among users, empowering users from predictions about their future businesses, monitoring customer behavior through changes in the content produced, attracting new customers, increasing sales, and fast use and saving time. The goal of social media marketing is to help companies increase market share and customer purchase intention.  Today, social media marketing plays a fundamental role in influencing purchase intent due to its ubiquity among consumers. These platforms provide essential information that guides purchase decisions and simplifies decision-making. Purchase intention is an activity in which consumers consider purchasing a product or a service. Purchase intention is the likelihood that a consumer will continue to purchase in the future. Consumer purchase intention can be influenced through the sharing of information or engagement in conversations and comments from other consumers. A strong presence on social media significantly affects purchase intention and builds customer trust. On the other hand, marketers consider brand trust as an important and relevant concept to purchase intention. Brand trust is defined as the willingness of consumers to rely on the power of the brand to fulfill the stated goal and the belief that the brand has the ability to deliver the promised benefits. Studies that have been conducted in the past have stated that brand trust is a precursor to purchase intention. Sung & Kim (2010) and Ellitan, Havina & Lukito (2022) believe that brand trust is considered as a variable that has a significant impact on purchase intention. For many years, brand attitude has been an important topic of research in marketing. Therefore, marketers consider it the most important predictor of consumer behavior towards a product or service. Basically, brand attitude refers to the consistent preference of consumers towards a specific brand and the overall evaluation by the consumer towards the brand. Attitude towards an object (including a brand) includes salient beliefs that are acquired through experience and can fluctuate positively or negatively as a function of past experiences. A favorable attitude towards a  brand increases the likelihood of consumers continuing to use it in the future. Consumer attitude typically has a strong influence on their purchase intent. One of the growing global trends in Iran is the increasing demand for luxury goods. The luxury goods market has attracted the attention of researchers and marketing professionals due to its rising growth rate. In 2017, the global market for luxury fashion goods exceeded $1.2 trillion. It is expected that by 2030, approximately 500 million consumers will be luxury fashion customers. Research also shows that about 80% of the global luxury market is influenced by digital technology, and it is expected that online sales of luxury brands will reach 20% of total transactions by 2025. Many luxury brands now have official pages on social media platforms such as Facebook and Instagram, where they publish news about their products and brands. In Iran, luxury fashion brands are trying to achieve profitability by targeting a specific target group. Despite their significant activity on social media, these brands have not been successful in attracting customers through this channel. In addition to increased competition in the domestic market, the import of foreign brands with official dealerships or the entry of these brands and their original counterparts from unconventional channels are serious threats to the Iranian fashion market. Additionally, unofficial pages selling fashion products on social media or the sale of personal luxury products have made these items more accessible to interested individuals and made the competition more difficult. Despite the activities of luxury fashion brands on social media, these activities are not interactive and feedback is not received from customers about the products and services of these brands. As a result, these brands have not been successful in attracting customers, creating positive attitudes, and gaining their trust to the desired extent. Therefore, it is necessary to examine and identify the factors affecting the purchase intention of consumers of luxury clothing brands, including social media marketing, brand attitude, and brand trust, in order to help improve knowledge and improve planning in this field. Despite the importance and expansion of social media marketing in the country, not many studies have been conducted to identify the impact of social media marketing on purchase intention for luxury products. The researchers of this study, after reviewing the research background, found that the role of brand attitude and brand trust in the relationship between social media marketing and customer purchase intention has not been considered in both foreign and domestic research. Given the research gap in this area, the present study investigates the impact of social media marketing on the purchase intention of consumers of luxury clothing brands, taking into account the mediating role of brand trust and brand attitude, which has not been studied before.

The present study has a quantitative approach and is applied in terms of purpose. In terms of nature and method of data collection, it is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this study is all consumers of the luxury brands Paten Jama, Charm Mashhad, Salyan, Denis Trico, and Navin Charm in Iran, who follow the social media pages of these brands. The reason for choosing these brands is that they all have active representative pages on the social media platform Instagram. This is because it makes it possible to identify followers of these brands and people who are attached to these brands. Given the unlimited nature of the statistical population and the lack of access to the entire target population, the sample under study was taken using the available sampling method. In this way, the online questionnaire of the present study was shared with the followers of the Instagram pages of these brands. Due to the unknown size of the population, the sample size was estimated at 385 people using the Cochran formula.The questionnaire for the present study was prepared with 27 questions using a five-point Likert scale. A set of standard questionnaires from previous studies were used to measure the variables under study. The questions for the social media marketing variable were extracted from the standard questionnaire of Cheung, Pires & Rosenberger (2020), the questions related to purchase intention were extracted from the questionnaire of Lakshamana (2018), the questions for the brand attitude variable were extracted from the tool questionnaire of Qasemi and Vesta (2014), and the questions for the brand trust variable were extracted from the research questionnaire of Yazdani, Ronagh, Laqayi and Mostafshar (2019). In this study, the validity of the questionnaire was obtained through expert review. The questionnaire was sent to six experts and university professors who had at least five years of experience in the field of research, and after the necessary modifications, the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed. The reliability of the questionnaire was also obtained using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The questionnaire was distributed among 31 people, and a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 92% indicates the appropriate reliability of the questionnaire. In this study, Amos software and path analysis method were used to analyze the relationships between dimensions and indicators.

Social media, as a powerful and successful marketing tool, helps companies to connect activities and interactions between consumers with the brand in a more enjoyable way than ever before. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of social media marketing on consumer purchases through brand trust and brand attitude. The findings indicated that social media marketing has a positive and significant effect on brand trust and brand attitude. In addition, brand trust and brand attitude have a positive and significant effect on consumers' purchase intention; Also, social media marketing affects purchase intention through brand trust and brand attitude.

Today, marketers are increasingly concerned with understanding how social media is used in the purchase decision process. Social media offers marketers numerous opportunities to connect with consumers and build more meaningful relationships with them. Social media also provides opportunities to create and share marketing content with target audiences. Social media users have an easier time making decisions and enjoying their work compared to those who use other information sources. In the luxury brand sector, social media also appears to play a key role in the success of a brand. Studies have shown that luxury brand marketing on social media has a positive impact on consumers' favorable perception of luxury, luxury desire, and purchase intention. This study investigated the application of the social media phenomenon in marketing. To this end, it conceptualized the use of social media in marketing and evaluated its impact on consumers' purchase intention of luxury brands with the mediating role of trust and brand attitude. The findings suggest that the use of social media improves consumers' attitude and trust during the initial stages of information search and alternative evaluation. In this study, 6 hypotheses were tested. The results of the first hypothesis showed that social media marketing has a positive and significant impact on consumers' trust in the brand. Social media marketing is considered an effective tool in developing customer relationships. In addition, these interactions create trust and reduce uncertainty that may prevent customers from interacting with brands and making online transactions. Therefore, the higher the quality and informativeness of a social media, the greater the consumer trust in a brand. This means that brand trust is influenced by social media marketing. The findings of this study support the results of previous research. For example, a study by Amalina & Tiarawati (2016) found that if social media marketing is managed effectively, brand trust increases. This is because the transfer of good information creates the perception that the brand can meet the needs of the consumer. Chahal & Rani (2017) also stated that social media experience is an important driver of trust in a particular brand. The existence of social media makes it easier for marketers to reach a wider range of consumers. The results of research by researchers such as Ibrahim (2020) and Behnardi & Rogers (2018) also confirm the positive impact of social media marketing on brand trust. The results obtained from the confirmation of hypothesis number 2 of this study show that social media marketing has a positive and significant impact on consumers' attitudes towards the brand. Social media marketing can be an effective tool for interacting with the community, providing information, and receiving feedback, which leads to increased brand attitude (Poluan, Pasuhuk & Mandagi, 2022). The result is consistent with the instrumental research of Qasemi and Vesta (2014). The third hypothesis investigated the direct effect of social media marketing on consumers' purchase intention, the result of which is in contrast to the findings of the studies of Laksamana (2018) and Alfilo Ansari (2019).The result obtained from the confirmation of the fourth hypothesis of the present study shows that consumer trust in the brand has a significant effect on consumer purchase intention. It can be interpreted that the level of trust in a brand is taken into account by consumers in decision-making for product purchase. Based on the theory of planned behavior, the control belief of a decision relates to the activities that have been carried out, so this can be affected by brand trust because, according to Delgado-Ballester et al. (2003), brand trust includes hope, honesty, and concern. Expectations refer to promises that must be fulfilled in connection with consumers. Honesty refers to the consistency between words and actions in dealing with any situation experienced by consumers. Attention refers to a form of empathy that shows attitude towards consumers when faced with product-related problems. The result is in line with the previous studies of researchers such as Chae, Kim, Lee & Park (2020) and Song and Kim (2010). Ibáñez, Hartmann, & Calvo (2006) also showed that brand trust directly affects purchase intention, and this is very relevant when customers decide to change brands due to the high level of perceived risk and ambiguity. In the fifth hypothesis, the direct and significant effect of consumer attitude towards the brand on purchase intention was confirmed, meaning that a positive attitude towards a brand increases the percentage of brand acceptance probability and affects consumer purchase interest, purchase intention, and willingness to pay more. This result is in line with the findings of studies conducted by Qasemi and Vesta (2014), Yu, Liu, Lee, & Soutar (2018), and Li, Li, & Yang (2017). Finally, hypotheses 6 and 7, which tested the effect of social media marketing on purchase intention through brand trust and brand attitude, were confirmed. Therefore, the results of this study show that social media marketing cannot have a positive effect on consumers' purchase intention without the role of the mediating variables of consumer attitude and brand trust. This itself shows the importance of consumer attitude and trust in the brand in the effect of social media marketing on consumers' purchase intention.

The intrinsic authority of certainty is one of the issues that the famous jurists have accepted based on the Akhund Khorasani opinion and sought to prove it with theological, rational or rational reasons, and have made it the default of many principled issues, but from the point of view of Sadr and Imam Khomeini, these reasons are not complete and unacceptable. This article attempts to provide an acceptable and reasonable solution based on the principles of martyr Sadr and Imam Khomeini in this regard.

This article was done based on descriptive method.

Ethical Considerations: 

All ethical principles have been followed in writing this article.

According to Imam Khomeini's principles, unlike Martyr Sadr, certainty is not inherent, but both of them believe that the reason for the authority of certainty in religious rulings is due to rational reasons, which can be concluded from some of their jurisprudential rulings.

The social understanding of Sharia texts from the perspective of Martyr Sadr is a jurisprudential theory that covers various areas of the social and economic life of a Muslim. It seeks to understand the Sharia texts, relying on non-verbal manifestations. Sadr introduced the harmonious mentality, based on the general concentration among wise people of his kind, in the process of understanding the reason, and after verbal understanding and determining the situational and contextual implications of the Shari'i texts, he made the social reception the rule over it and put the ultimate meaning of the Shari'i texts in the context. The existing common social focus, which is appropriate to the occasion of the sentence and the subject, has presented. By accepting this theory, it is possible to transform the meaning of Sharia in the field of individual tasks and the special situation of the narrators into a field of jurisprudential theory, without .entering into the abyss of analogy, by referring to the concept of concentration and social understanding

Understanding the importance of holding customers for organizations has led them to seek solutions. Today, marketing science is looking for ways to reciprocate mutual values between the customer and the organization, which is called value co-creation. Maintaining the customers is one of the most important factors that create mutual values for the ultimate enhancement of brands. So, it is better to get close to customers and meet their needs and expectations. This makes the relationship deeper; the customers become integrated with the brand, they participate in the process of creating value by partnership with the brand, and they ultimately receive a sense of value and come up with positive feedbacks. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the level of brand engagement on customer repurchase through customer value co-creation. Therefore, in order to review repurchasing in this research, customer engagement with the brand is considered as a prerequisite for customer value co-creation. Also, three dimensions of the customer value, including pleasure, economic aspect and relationship, have been examined.

In this research, the dairy industry is considered as the case to study. The research population consisted of all the people who bought the local Chahar Fasl dairy brand in Shahrood more than once. This research is an applied type in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. By the Cochran formula, the sample size was determined to be 385. After a review of the related literature, a standard and appropriate questionnaire was prepared and distributed among the participants. Finally, 385 of the received responses could be analyzed. In order to analyze the collected data and test the hypotheses, the SPSS and Smart PLS software programs, the structural equation method and the confirmatory factor analysis were used. In general, the results of this research provide insight for brand managers and help them to know more about customers and the ways to build up loyalty in them, thus creating the desired value for them.

The findings of the research are manifold. The first hypothesis examined the effect of customer engagement with the brand on the customer pleasure value. This hypothesis was confirmed with a path coefficient of 0.772. The second hypothesis was the effect of customer engagement with the brand on the customer economic value. It was also confirmed with a path coefficient of 0.595. The third hypothesis regarded the effect of customer engagement with the brand on the value of customer relationships value, which was also confirmed with a path coefficient above 0.903. The fourth hypothesis was about the effect of customer pleasure value on the customer repurchase. It was confirmed too with a path coefficient of 0.379. The fifth hypothesis addressed the effect of customer economic value on the customer repurchase, and this hypothesis was confirmed with a path coefficient of 0.321. The sixth hypothesis regarded the effect of the customer relationships value on the repurchase, which was also confirmed with a path coefficient of 0.215. Finally, the seventh hypothesis concerned the effect of customer engagement with the brand on customer repurchase. It was confirmed with a path coefficient of 0.712. The results of this study indicate that this brand has performed well in some aspects such as creating pleasure value and relationship value for customers. However, to make these values beneficial for customer repurchase, the brand has performed poorly and failed to persuade many customers to repurchase.

Based on the results of the first, second and third hypotheses, brands should seek to better meet customer expectations, continue their relations with customers and gain a good place in their minds. They can increase customers' perception of receiving excitement and pleasure as well as provide cost and economic benefits and respectful and friendly relationships resulting from buying the brand. Also, based on the results of the fourth, fifth and sixth hypotheses, brands should be able to set up appropriate relations and partnerships with customers and create value for them by giving value to economic and pleasure relations and making the customers loyal to the brand. Thus, they may decide to repurchase the brand, which guarantees the success of the brand. Based on the results of the seventh hypothesis, brands should plan and implement the process of creating loyalty by engaging the customers so as to increase the likelihood of their return and re-purchases. In line with these results, practical suggestions have been made to increase customer repurchase.

The present study aimed to investigate the method of big data management and its effect on customer satisfaction and organizational performance in the Iranian retail industry. This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and has been done in a mixed way and is of descriptive-exploratory type which has been done by positivist-correlation method. To achieve the goal of the research, first open interviews with 10 managers of Iran's retail industry were used to identify the components and then through closed interviews with 50 specialists and experts in the field of retail in Tehran who were selected through snowball sampling. Data related to prioritizing the importance of the extracted components were obtained. In the continuation of the research, using a questionnaire tool, data were collected from 385 samples of experts in this field of retail in Tehran in the spring of 2022 and analyzed using SPSS and LISREL software. The findings include identifying 55 concepts and 26 categories in 7 dimensions and prioritizing and extracting two-way strategies, analyzing social networks and database template tools, and employing skilled resources for big data management, leading to capabilities such as customization in the retail industry. These capabilities will increase customer satisfaction and ultimately improve the organization's sales as the most important components in research. The results indicate that big data management strategies and tools have a positive and significant effect on creating retail industry capabilities such as extensive customization, and these capabilities also have a significant effect on customer satisfaction and increase sales of Iranian retail industry organizations.

Health tourism, also known as medical tourism or medical travel, refers to travel to another country or region to receive medical treatment, procedures or services. The concept of health tourism has gained popularity in recent years due to rising healthcare costs in developed countries, the availability of high-quality medical facilities in developing countries, and the ease of international travel. Health tourism can provide patients access to high quality medical treatments, reduce healthcare costs and improve their quality of life. However, it is important to carefully consider the risks and benefits of health tourism before deciding to travel for medical treatment. Patients should research the treatment facility and provider and ensure appropriate health insurance coverage prior to travel. In the meantime, one of the aspects investigated in the fields of health tourism has been the behavior of consumers of these services, as well as the effects of social networks on this behavior. One of the studied cases is in the field of consumer behavior in relation to social networks, which has been studied in various researches in recent years. In fact, social networks are one of the most used areas in recent years of social networks, which have greatly occupied various markets. In recent years, the amount of use of social networks in Iran has increased so much that the scope of using these networks has led to political debates and influencing the results of elections. In this research, considering the increasing role of social networks, its impact on health tourism has been investigated from the point of view of consumers of medical services in the form of medical tourists.

In terms of research methodology, the current research is applied, survey and correlation research. The statistical population of this research includes all social network users in medical centers providing health tourism services in Tehran. The size of the statistical population was 850 people during the study period, and using the Cochran formula, the sample size was determined to be 256 people. In order to measure the research variables, a questionnaire was used. The validity of this tool has been examined through construct validity, and reliability has been examined and confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In the analysis method section, first the measurement model was formed and the fit of the model was examined based on the indicators. Finally, based on the structural modeling method, the relationships between the research variables were examined and the results were presented.  Amos software is used in this section.

The results showed that the amount and type of use of social networks had a significant effect on the behavior before, during and after the use of health tourism services.

One of the ways social media can influence health tourism is by giving patients access to information about medical facilities and doctors in other countries. Patients can read reviews, watch videos and connect with others who have undergone similar treatments. This can help them make informed decisions about where to go for treatment and what to expect when they get there.
Another way social media can influence health tourism is by providing a platform for medical professionals to share their expertise and build their reputation. Doctors, nurses, and other healthcare providers can use social media to showcase their skills, share educational content, and interact with patients and other professionals in their field. This can help them attract patients from other countries who are looking for quality care. On the other hand, social media can also have negative effects on health tourism. For example, false or misleading information can spread quickly on social media, which can lead to patients making poor decisions about where to seek treatment. In addition, some medical facilities and doctors may use social media to promote themselves in unethical ways, such as exaggerating the benefits of their treatments or making false claims about their qualifications. As a result, social media and health tourism are two distinct concepts that can interact in different ways. While social media can give patients access to valuable information and help medical professionals build their reputation, it can also pose risks for patients seeking accurate and reliable information about treatments and medical facilities in other countries. The relationship between the type and amount of use of social networks and the behavior of health tourists before, during and after the use of medical services was investigated. The results have shown that social networks can have a positive and direct effect on the behavior of consumers of health tourism services.

In this study, the effect of L-Carnitine was investigated on reducing the alcohol damage in the testes of adult rats. Alcohol leads to oxidative damage and L-Carnitine protects from oxidative damage as an antioxidant. In this study, in 20 adult male Wistar rats damage were induced by 30% ethanol with a dose of three gr/kg. To prevent injury, L-Carnitine with a dose of 100mg/kg was used. Finally, blood samples were taken from the rats and testosterone concentration was measured. After the rats euthanizing, the testes were removed, weighed and fixed in 10% formalin buffer solution for 72 hours. After processing with standard histological methods and paraffin molding, 5 microns sections were prepared and studied histomorphometrically after H&E staining. Findings of this study revealed that Ethanol significantly reduced testicular weight, serum testosterone concentration, and testicular histomorphometric parameters. Treatment of L-Carnitine resulted in a significant increase in testicular weight, seminiferous tubule diameter, epithelial thickness, serum testosterone concentration and number of Spermatogonia, Primary Spermatocytes, Spermatids and Leydig cell compared to the positive group. Therefore, it can be concluded that oral L-Carnitine at a dose of 100 mg/kg can partially prevent the damage caused by ethanol.

In this research, the gasoline produced by the refinery viscosity reduction unit has been investigated. The gasoline in this unit contains large amounts of sulfur compounds. The presence of sulfur and di-olefin compounds in this unit›s gasoline due to its high reactivity causes the production of a large amount of gum that will cause many adverse effects. In this research, a method based on alkylation is investigated; Initially, AlCl3 solid catalyst was made based on silica gel, and the effect of various parameters such as catalyst manufacturing method, catalyst mixing temperature with gasoline sample, temperature effects of catalyst bonding, catalyst mass ratio and catalyst active component on the removal of sulfur compounds were investigated. The results showed that the amount of total sulfur in the prototype decreased by 53.27%.

With the outbreak of the Covid-19 virus and the critical business environment for both organizations and employees, the issue of organizational support and social organizational behaviors has become increasingly important. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between perceived organizational support and employees' organizational social behaviors during the Covid-19 virus outbreak and also examines intermediate relationships of affective commitment and knowledge sharing behavior. This research is applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of method, it is descriptive-survey and correlational. A questionnaire was used to collect data. After confirming the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, data were collected by selecting 675 samples. The statistical sample was selected by convenience sampling method from the employees of Refah chain store companies and the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling using Smart PLS software. Findings showed that the Covid 19 virus epidemic has led to more organizations paying attention to employees and employees' higher understanding of organizational support. Also, a positive and significant relationship between perceived organizational support and knowledge sharing on affective commitment was confirmed. affective commitment also had a significant and positive relationship with civic virtue and innovative behavior, but not a significant relationship with altruism. Finally, mediating roles and reinforcing affective commitment and knowledge sharing were endorsed. The results and suggestions of this research are used in recognizing and optimizing human resource management for managers.

Conventional futures studies as a human science is based on its own ontological, anthropological foundations and normative values; Therefore, from the perspective of a specific value derived from its own fundamental principles, it takes a position towards the future and forms its framework, methods and goals based on those principles. The most important general principles governing the development of the future of conventional research are: the idea of ​​deism, humanism, liberalism, philosophical secularism, utilitarianism and scientism. The result of the presence of these principles in the future study has caused that in this science, the divine Lordship and His absolute providence and will in the human future are ignored and the subject of this knowledge is limited to human reading of the material world and its mechanistic laws. Accordingly, the epistemological foundations of future research knowledge have been laid down on the basis of human principles and teachings, futures study should ignore the involvement of transcendental constraints and factors in the future, and establish its foundations, goals and methods based on material and global and human experience and understanding, and phenomena, events, and events based solely on their nature and basis. Explain scientific laws and methods and ignore the role of divine and God-centered components in explaining phenomena. the desired future is a future full of profit, pleasure and material prosperity, and one of the missions and goals of the future research is to provide solutions and possibilities for the realization of such a future.

 In the present study, the digital marketing model that has been extracted using the grounded theory has been using analysis fuzzy analysis technique and Delphi method.

 The statistical population of the study includes expert personnel of the Tose’e Ta’avon Bank throughout the country that the information related to the questionnaire was eamined with 119 indexes from the perspective of 27 experts. The Delphi technique is performed in three rounds and using a set of triangualar fuzzy numbers, fuzzy Delphi analysis with the Kendall coefficient calculations stage and reaching the number 0.758 and achieving consensus between the experts’ view is stopped.Then the indicators are identified and evaluated for final analysis.

 The data analysis results show that the digital marketing model presented from the grounded theory of the foundation for the Tose’e Ta’avon Bank is fully established and the small output of the model evaluation coefficients also confirms the model results.

 The present study is the first studythat is based on examining the digital indigenous pattern in the banking industry with grounded theory approach. Quantitative Analysis of the model using a questionnaire that is the product of open, axial and selective coding has neen done with using Delphi technique and fuzzy analysis in the Tose’e Ta’avon Bank, which can be extended to other public and private banks with special conditions and restrictions. Findings and final achievement of the present study is a relatively comprehensive and complete model based on the requirements and characteristics of Iranian banks and is more comperehensive than others models provided by experts, considering that they have been developed for non-financial societies in terms of dimensions, components and will be more appropriate.

The implementation of strategies is regarded as a significant factors for organizational success. Various corporate strategies of the organizations may never be implemented or fail while implementation. Lack of comprehensive knowledge of strategy, insufficient understanding of employees at the organization level, and the lack of a clear and accepted concept of strategic implementation in the organization might lead to failure in implementation of organizational strategies. Since execution has been translated and studied from different perspectives in the strategic management literature in Iran, and sometimes there is no clear concept of execution or implementation, this research aims to explain the differences between strategic execution and strategy implementation. The purpose of this study is to develop a new concept and nature of strategic implementation and design a process model of effective components for the implementation of strategies in Iranian organizations. This will be conducted from the perspective of senior managers and the strategy of the Iranian automotive industry. 

This research has employed a qualitative approach, which is conducted based on a relativistic ontological approach and a subjective epistemological position. Since the purpose of this study is to create a theory that explains the concept and nature of "strategic execution", the basic theory is preferred and has been conducted using Charms' constructivist approach. Participants were selected based on purposeful and chain sampling. After conducting 16 in-depth and semi-structured interviews, theoretical saturation was achieved using the theoretical sampling strategy. 

The results indicated that the nature of strategic implementation includes individual, organizational-structural, and operational dimensions. This phenomenon is made up of productive/fertile, directing, effective, and motivating/moving levers, each has been constructed by other concepts. Disruptive forces from inside and outside the organization are also effective in constructing the dimensions of the nature of strategic implementation. The manifestation of this phenomenon can be observed both inside and outside the organization. 

Strategic implementation is one of the strategy implementation stages in the organization, which refers to the changing of the upstream strategy into a downstream strategy. A common understanding of strategy should be developed at the organizational level. For this purpose, employees and managers of the organization must recognize and prioritize the four levers affected by the dimensions of the nature of strategic implementation. The nature and dimensions of strategic implementation are made up of the shared interactions among these four levers. Based on the obtained data in this study, we could not discover the specific precedence of these four levers; besides, we were not able to observe any significant one-way relationships between them. Nonetheless, it is necessary to be aware of the disruptive environmental and organizational forces in order to neutralize them.

In this paper, the water hammer resulting from the fast closure of the valve in a pipeline is simulated using numerical solution of continuity and Navier-Stokes equations. Simulation has been performed for a high-viscosity oil and for water. The initial flow regime for water is turbulent and for the oil is laminar. The obtained results are compared with the experimental results and for both fluids, a good agreement between the simulation and experimental results at different times is obtained. Velocity contours at different times show two regions with different behavior in transient flow. The wall region and the pipe core region. In the wall region, the effects of fluid viscosity are dominant, the velocity gradients are sharper, and flow changes more rapidly. While the pipe core region is affected by fluid inertial forces. As the fluid viscosity decreases and the Reynolds number increases, the core region becomes larger. In addition, a parametric study has been conducted and the effect of different parameters on water hammer has been studied. The results show that by reducing the thickness or length of the pipe, reducing the mass flow rate, or using a pipe with a lower elastic modulus, the water hammer effects can be significantly reduced. For example, by reducing the length of the pipe from 60 meters to 18 meters, the maximum pressure decreases by 11%.

Responding to the technological challenges of the power energy industry by nurturing domestic R&D has been one of the main approaches for R&D activities in the Ministry of Energy of Iran (MOE). The current R&D governance in MOE is a hierarchical and vertical governance system, mainly based upon the paradigm of innovation systems. Although governments could apply the innovation systems theory very effectively in the innovation goal setting and allocation of R&D resources (such as budget, knowledge, and expertise), the emergence of the concepts of the innovation ecosystem and platform economics challenged the innovation system in terms of leadership and participation of the actors. There might be other R&D governance approaches that are better than the current linear and top-down governance system. In this article, using the case study research method, the current system of R&D governance in the power energy industry is carefully examined. We synthesized concepts of open innovation, platform economics, and crowdfunding to create a new R&D governance model. This model can be considered as an alternative to the current vertical model to implement the horizontal approach of innovation policy, and to create a platform for increasing the participation of public and private actors of the innovation ecosystem in terms of directing the innovation and resource allocation. Finally, some of the advantages and practical considerations of the proposed model were discussed.

The main purpose of this study is designing and explaining the indigenous model of digital marketing in the Iranian banking industry in order to promote digital banking. Qualitative analysis of the obtained data has been done by grounded theory approach, axial and selective coding and the requirements to performe each of these steps after analysis will eventually lead to a modeling for digital marketing in the banking industry. Findings and final achievement of the present study is a relatively comprehensive and complete model based on the implications and characteristics of Iranian banks. Against the previous models provided by other experts, considering that they have been developed for non-financial communities, in terms of dimensions, components and indicators, this model is more comprehensive and more appropriate. This research has been compared with some domestic and foreign researches. While the present research model has most of the components and indicators, a number of new and indigenous components and indicators have been identified and counted, which is a strong point for it. Finally, the comprehensiveness of introduced model and its locality for the banking system based on the current characteristics of the economic system considered the main achievement of this research.

Nowadays, the analysis of customer behavior is necessary for active organizations in the field of banking which deal with many customers with different characteristics. In recent years, Shahr Bank of Iran has faced many problems because of poor customer-orientedness and customer services. Therefore, to solve the existing problem, the current study concentrated on segmenting the customers of Shahr Bank based on their expected benefits. This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey research in terms of data collection and analysis. To achieve the research objectives, through field studies and exploratory interviews with customers and banking experts, 165 benefits were extracted. Then, using expert questionnaires, the number of these benefits was reduced, and through factor analysis, nine factors were identified as the most important expected benefits. Moreover, using cluster analysis, four customer segments were extracted, namely benefit-oriented, peace-oriented, interest-oriented, and moderate ones. Finally, a suitable marketing solution was provided to the bank consistent with the most important features of the segments. For bank managers, this paper provides an appropriate view to identify customers' preferencesas an important factor in customer-orientedness and bank profitability.