فهرست مطالب محمد بهجتیان

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of sweet paste containing AVP-4 on queen egg laying rate, carcass weight, population size, brood rearing, protein and body fat in European honey bees. In this experiment, 20 colonies with the same age and homogenized queen were used. The hives used were of the Langstroth type and the colonies were homogenized in terms of the population of newborns, the population of adult bees, and the amount of food reserves (pollen and honey). The field experiment was carried out in the form of a block design in four treatments, including the first control treatment of sweet dough without Nano-supplement, the second treatment of sweet dough containing 2.5% , the third treatment of sweet dough containing 5% , and the fourth treatment of sweet dough containing 7.5% of Nano-supplement in five replications. The amount of eggs, larvae and pupae was measured every 15 days and the colony population was measured in a frame. It was used to determine crude protein and body fat based on AOAC methods. The obtained results showed that there was no significant difference between the treatments in the entire experimental period by comparing the mean egg laying of the queen, brood rearing, population size and crude protein in the entire experimental period (P>0.05). Comparison of the average amount of fat (ether extract) had a significant difference among the treatments (P<0.05). The use of AVP-4 supplement in feeding honey bees had no significant difference between the treatments .

Environmental factors and diet are of the most important factors that affect the microbial population of the gastrointestinal tract and there are many antimicrobial systems in honey bees and their foods naturally. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary acetic acid and concentrated mixture of probiotic and antibiotics of oxytetracycline and neomycin on population coliform bacteria and lactobacilli changes in honey bee pupae. The experimental treatments consisted of different levels of acetic acid 5 % (10, 20 and 30 g/l), protexin probiotic, Oxytetracycline 20 % and Neomycin 20 % antibiotics with levels of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g/l and sugar syrup 50 % and honey syrup 50 % was performed in a completely randomized design with four replications for 20 days. After feeding the experimental groups, one gram of 18 day old worker bee's pupae samples of each colony was poured into 9 ml of physiological solution. After preparing different dilutions, each sample was inoculated on MRS agar and MacConkey agar medium. Lactobacillus and coliform colonies were counted after finishing incubation period. The results showed that the highest population of coliform bacteria treated with sugar syrup (2.58 log CFU/g) and the lowest in treatments 0.2 and 0.3 g Neomycin, Oxytetracycline, and probiotic that were equal to zero (P value <0.05). The highest population of Lactobacillus bacteria belonged to 0.2 g probiotic treatment (4.05 log CFU/g) and the lowest was for 0.2 and 0.3 g Neomycin treatment which was equal to zero (P value<0.05).Discussion and This study showed that the addition probiotic in sugar syrup for feeding larvae resulted in increasing population of Lactobacilli in the body of the bee pupae than the control groups.