فهرست مطالب محمد جواد اسلامی زاده

Non-invasive brain stimulation technologies are a group of powerful tools that are exploited in manipulating functional properties of the brain. These technologies have a relatively long history in cognitive enhancement and rehabilitation, as well as in treating stress and depression. Of these technologies are transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). TMS technology works with producing magnetic fields emitted from a coil over the scalp to induce ion currents; however, in tDCS there is a direct connection of electrodes on the skin over the scalp to inject electrical currents yielding modulation in neural circuits.
In this review, we reviewed over the literature concerning applications of neurotechnologies, TMS and tDCS, in cognitive enhancement and rehabilitation.

Manipulating the function of neural cells via electrophysiology and pharmacological agents in neuroscience research have long been interesting in unraveling the function of neural circuits, behavior, and attributed disorders. The power of electrophysiology and pharmacologic methods in the manipulation of neural cells varies and therefore researchers have been attempting to enhance their knowledge in this field in recent two decades. Optogenetics has the advantage to take under control both the temporal and spatial resolution in manipulating desired neural cells. In optogenetics, control over the function of neural cells is possible through shining the light onto the cells that bear light sensitive molecules.
Optogenetics come to help the researchers to know how the neural cells, circuits, and systems work and there is an attempt to move toward the treatment of nervous system disorders by this technology. In this article, I reviewed optogenetics and its potential clinical applications.

Nitric oxide (NO), an important modulator of neuronal functions, is involved in synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation (LTP). Ovarian hormones have important role on the central nervous system functions, especially learning, memory and cognitive ability. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of acute (A) and chronic (C) L-Arginine (L-Arg) administration on learning and memory in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.
Forthy-eight female Wistar rats were grouped as: 1) Sham, 2) OVX, 3) Sham-LA-A, 4) OVX-LA-A, 5) Sham-LA-C, 6) OVX-LA-C. The animals of sham-L-Arg-A and OVX -L-Arg-A were acutely treated with 500 mg/kg of L-Arg for 5 days. Sham-L-Arg-C and OVX -L-Arg-C chronically received 500 mg/kg/day of L-Arg during 8 weeks before 5 test days.The animals in sham and OVX groups received 1 ml/kg saline instead of L-Arg. At the end of the experiment, the animals were tested in Morris water maze and the escape latency and traveled path to reach the platform were compared between groups.
Results showed that the escape latency and traveled path in OVX group were significantly higher than in sham group (p This indicates that L-Arg has a role in Morris water maze tasks disturbances in OVX rats.