فهرست مطالب محمد جواد قراگوزلو

A research was conducted to evaluate the effects of some commercial herbal and chemical medicines on immune system and improve the respiratory disorders in broiler chickens. Four hundred and fifty day old female broiler chicks (strains of Arian) were divided into experimental groups: 1) Anzofin®، 2) Antibiofin®، 3)Immunofin®، 4) Bronkofin®، 5) savory (Zagrol®)، 6) Mentofin®، 7) Enrofloxasin®، 8) Bromhexin®، 9) Positive control، and 10) Negative control. On day 14، treatments 1 to 9 were received IB- 4/91vaccine 5 times greater than the standard dose and Negative control received the standard dose of IB vaccine. Treatments 1 to 6 received herbal medicines via drinking water from day 15 until day 42. Treatment 7 and 8 were received chemical medicines from day 15 to day 19. The highest and lowest antibody titter against infectious bronchitis was observed in Negative control and Immunofin، respectively (P>0. 05). On 41 days of age there was significant difference between treatments Antibiofin® and Mentofin® (P>0. 05). Anzofin® treatment showed highest antibody titer against Newcastle virus in both periods of 36 and 42 day old (P>0. 05). The highest and lowest response to injection of phytohemaglotinin was observed in Immunofin® and Positive control، respectively (P<0. 05). The highest H/L ratio was observed in positive control (P<0. 05). About improving the respiratory disorders among herbal medicine the influence of Mentofin®، Antibiofin® and savory was better than others and was the same with influence of Enrofloxasin® antibiotic and Bromhexin®.

Bovine hypodermosis is a myiasis caused by larvae of Hypoderma bovis and H. lineatum which are commonly known as grubs. As different insecticide pour-on treatments and SC Ivermectin، which must be in direct contact with larvae، are used in larvae controlling programs، therefore، determining the exact topography of the most probable regions of larval presence is of great importance and it could help using less treatments [compounds]. In the present study which was carried out in 9 months in Urmia slaughterhouse، a total of 4078 inspected carcasses، 225 (5/52 %) were shown to be infested with larvae (84/88% H. bovis and 15/12% H. lineatum). The highest infestation rate was seen in the traditional husbandry system which was totally 56/44% (95. 27% H. bovis and 4. 73% H. lineatum) on the left half of the body، 44 % (85/85 % H. bovis and 14/15 % H. lineatum) on the right half of the body. In animals with a 3-4 body condition (B. C.)، the rate was 43/11 % (90/72 % H. bovis and 9/28 % H. lineatum). In longissimus dorsi muscle، the rate was 55/5 %. This study and studies like this seem to be a good help in devising control and treatment programs. Five percent of carcasses with Hypoderma larvae infestation means a low rate of infestation in Urmia. However، serious treatment and preventive measures must be taken against this disease.

Study of clinicopathological changes of synovial fluid in bovine bacterial arthriti's Design: Cross-sectional studY. Animals: One hundered and seventeen cases of bovine arthritis and 48 clinically healthy cows. Procedure: Synovial fluid samples were collected from 1 17 abattorial cases of bovine arthritis and 48 clinically healthy cows in the Tehran province' The samples were cultured for isolation of mycoplasma and other gramnegative and gram-positive bacteria. Physical appearance and viscosity were noted and mucin clot test and the measurement of WBCs, total protein, glucose, ALP' AST and ALT were done. Statisticat analysis: Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test and chi-square.

Bacterial organisms were isolated from 40 cases (34.3%) of bovine arthritis. Bacterial spp. organisms were included mycoplasma (46.3%), bacterial (32.%), yeast sp. (l4.l%) and a mixture of bacterial and my coplusma agents (6.9%).In the most cases of bacterial arthritis, viscosity and mucine clot test were ranged from moderate to poor' In spite of higher WBCs, ALT, ALP, AST and total protein values in the synovial fluid of infected cases the values of glucose was lower than control(P<0.05).

ln 667o of infected cases no microorganism was isolated. Therefore interference of viruses and immunologic reactions should be notified. Significant alterations in WBCs, total protein, glucose, AST, ALT and ALP values of synovial fluid showed that these changes are very important and can be diagnostic.