محمد جواد ملکوتی

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the religious beliefs and family education among the students of school base II in high schools of Hamadan. The method used in this study is a descriptive method and correlation type. The statistical population includes all students, boys and girls in high school are the first district of Hamadan city in semester 91-92and their number are 2955 people. In this study, using a simple random sampling method and based on the jrejcie and Morgan table’s, number of 341 persons were chosen as the sample statistically. In this study, for obtained the data, was used from two surveys of Measurement of Muslim religiosity sensing and Parental behavioral aspects (family educational styles) that Reliability of them according to kranbakh method are 927% = Measurement of Muslim religiosity sensing and styles of education family, 775% =. Results of the study showed that the amount of the religious beliefs of students in basic education II of high schools is above average and due to the high frequency of the powerful style of education and then easy style of education, such seems that to be the dominant style of education students to order is the powerful and easy style. Thus the religious beliefs of students with powerful family education styles are a more from the religious beliefs of students with a indifferent family education styles.But in level of religious beliefs between other family styles of education, wasn’t observed significant difference.

Clinical and neuropsychological evidence show that patients with major depression often experience difficulties in their memory and high cortical functions after receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The aim of the study was therefore to examine side-effects of electroconvulsive therapy on the memory and cognitive process of women with major depression. The study employed a causal-comparative ex post facto design. The experimental group consisted of 30 women with major depressive disorder who were selected using clinical interviews and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The control group included 30 women with major depression who matched members of the experimental group in age, education and marital status. The experimental group completed a set of memory and neuropsychotic tests in several phases of ECT treatment, and they were re-evaluated one year later in the follow-up phase. The control group only received medication. The results from qualitative and quantitative analyses of the memory and cognitive processes in the two groups revealed that the experimental group significantly differed from the control group in every phase of ECT and even 12 month after the treatment (p<0.001)(p<0.001), and that memory and cognitive processes of members of the experimental group significantly reduced ()<0.001). The study suggests that ECT decreases the patient’s memory and high cortical functions, and that the results sustain even after 12 months with no ECT.

Hirmand, the boundary province is one of strategic and geo-political points near the Iran-Afghan border that has made this region more important than ever. Hirmand River as the borderline between Iran and Afghanistan, and because of its grave importance in Sistan area, has a crucial role in Iran-Afghan’s political relationships. Also, the boundary market of Milak has an important role in economic relationships between Iran and Afghanistan. So the question that this research deals with is that “Do the geo-political factors of Hirmand affect economic-political relationships between Iran and Afghanistan?” According to the question, the main hypothesis is that (due to lack of other commercial roads between Iran and Afghanistan) Hirmand’s boundary market seems to be effective in the development of economic relationships, and Hirmand river in political relationships between the two countries. On the other hand, Hirmand River’s location as the border and the pacts signed with the interference of other governments between Iran and Afghanistan proves this fact. Also, Hirmand river’s features and its role and effects as the geo-political factor in political relationships and the effects of Hirmand’s boundary market as the geo-economic factor in economic relationships between the two countries have been studied in this research. As a result, the mutual dependence of the two countries caused by Hirmand River’s location as the border, Afghanistan’s needs for Iran’s economic sources, the boundary market and transits through it resulted in establishing and developing the political and economic relationships between Iran and Afghanistan. The purpose of this study was set to analyze the political relationships, pacts and agreements using casual research methods, document-library analysis method and note-taking; and to analyze the economic relationships through interviews, collecting statistics and economic information.

The concept of education is one of the most important topics common amongst Islamic scholars and those of the West. In the West, from long ago, especially after the flourishing of the Greek school in the voices of Plato and Aristotle, much attention has been given to this subject. In Islam as well, the attention to the concept of education has a long history, which is due to the fact that Islam holds education in a valuable status and has great concerns toward this concept. Muslim scholars, in light of the nurturing and fostering teachings of Islam, have carried out many studies about mankind, his perfection, happiness and prosperity, and the ways to achieve perfection, and they have laid the foundation of systems of thought to provide answers to the questions about mankind and his education. In the contemporary era, figures such as Allameh Tabataba’i, Imam Khomeini, martyr [Morteza] Motahari and Sayyid Qutb, using mixed methods, with a comparative approach and an awareness of the new social, political, cultural and educational developments, stepped into this field. In this article, through invoking and utilizing Martyr Motahari’s thoughts and mindset, different dimensions of the subject of education, such as the concept and nature of education, Islam and education, and influential factors in education will be studied.

Feiz Kashani is one of the great muslim scholars and philosophers from century 11. All of his works based on cognition and divine proximity and the desirable fact from his viewpoint is possible only through piety, worship and renunciation from worldly objects. He regard as practical training along with theoretical training of religion, foundamental condition of attaining to divine cognition; Furthermore, by rejection of other types of cognition, such as knowledge that philosophers obtained by means of rational reasoning, he as a muslim philosopher, confirm his faithfulness and loyalty. In his belief, a muslim person always has to assess his self and for attaining to highest cognition constantly must to audit his self that thereby his carnal weaknesses to be revealed and eliminating of immorality be facilitated. The author in the descriptive and analytic way and on the basis of moral and educational books of Feiz specially Al-Haqayeq, Al-Mahajja-Al-Bayzza’, and explanation of Zad-Al-Salek essay, has related the means of self-attaining to highest level. In his opinion, treading a path is possible in different ways: individual strenuous efforts in self-education, companionship with intellects, and following the example of the wicked. In this research, have been attempted to be deal with the principles and educational methods derived from self-chastisement ways. Some of the obtained principles and ways as followed: revival of temperamental covenant (practical training), good-thinking (cultivating the spirit of positive orientation).