محمد روشنی سفیدکوهی

One of the most important energy sources is non-renewable sources, including fossil fuels, the release of which causes many harmful consequences, including respiratory diseases, growth disorders, etc. On the other hand, renewable energies, including water, wind, sun, etc., are sustainable energy sources and compared to traditional fossil fuels, they have less adverse environmental effects due to the minimal emission of greenhouse gases. Due to the need to use renewable energy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change, the widespread use of these resources will bring about sustainable development. Therefore, creating the necessary infrastructure to use renewable energy as an important solution plays a key role in preserving natural resources. The purpose of this study is to review green and renewable fuels; Their sources, applications, advantages, and limitations. In this narrative review study, review articles, research articles, and cross-sectional descriptions were published until the beginning of February 2023 in English and Persian related to green and renewable fuels; Sources, applications, advantages, and limitations were investigated. These articles were searched in ScienceDirect, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and SID databases, using keywords such as renewable energy, fossil fuel, green fuel, and non-renewable energy with the aim of better understanding green fuels; Their sources, application, advantages, and limitations were obtained. After searching the databases with the mentioned keywords, 78 articles were included in the study. After removing duplicate articles, studying the abstract, and finally the full text of the articles, 35 related articles were included in the study. Endnote X7 resource management software was also used to organize, study titles and abstracts, and identify duplicate articles. Gren fuel is a non-toxic fuel that is essentially free of sulfur and aromatic compounds and is produced through various technologies such as biological and thermochemical processes. All the reviewed articles in the direction of producing green fuels such as biodiesel, natural gas, and hydrogen have pointed to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, improvement of air quality, stability of combustion in engines with dual fuel performance, and reduction of the negative effects of air pollution on health. Green fuel production is promising, but it faces limitations and challenges such as the need for land, water, and other resources, which can lead to changes in land use patterns, deforestation, and biodiversity loss. Also, the costs of producing biofuels depend on important factors such as raw materials, land, agricultural inputs, subsidies, and production technology. Biofuels are usually more expensive than fossil fuels and their production requires initial investment and maintenance costs. Considering the limitations and challenges of producing or using green fuel, using these renewable energy sources requires environmental planning and policy. Green fuels and renewable energy sources have emerged as promising solutions to deal with the environmental challenges caused by traditional fossil fuels. In general, green fuels offer a glimpse of a more sustainable future. However, their environmental effects need to be carefully investigated. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of diverse green fuel production methods and renewable energy technologies, along with their potential ecological impacts, is necessary to ensure the alignment of these alternative energy sources to achieve sustainable development.

Background and

Considering the effects of dengue fever on the health of people in the society and the role of climatic and environmental factors on the spread of this disease, this review study has investigated the climatic and environmental factors affecting the prevalence of dengue fever.

In this review, the academic papers, in English and persian languages, published until the beginning of August 2022 were investigated. These articles were searched in scientific databasese of Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Web of Science and Google Scholar, using keywords such as "dengue fever", "dengue vector", "vector mosquito", "Aedes mosquito", "environmental factors", and "weather factors". Endnote X8 software was also used to organize, and study titles and abstracts of the articles.

Considering the impacts of environmental changes on mosquito population and its subsequent effect on the occurrence of dengue fever, the present study showed that changes in climatic factors including air temperature, rainfall, and humidity affect the frequency of dengue disease vectors. Land use and land cover change can affect mosquito population and dengue transmission by changing local ecology. Household waste and its accumulation around residential houses can also hold a significant amount of water as environmental pollutants and can be considered as a habitat for mosquito larvae such as Aedes species.

The analysis of climatic and environmental factors has shown that environmental factors and weather changes can affect the occurrence of dengue fever.