فهرست مطالب محمد زنگنه

Currently, urban systems are facing great challenges related to the increase of various risks and their effects. In this regard, the continuous existence of risks has made it necessary to design resilient cities and, as a result, achieve sustainability and livability. Considering the alignment of the concepts of resilience and livability in achieving sustainability and appropriate quality of life in urban environments, the purpose of the current research is to analyze the relationship between livability and resilience with an emphasis on urban infrastructure in Ponak neighborhood of Tehran. The research method is mixed (quantitative-qualitative) with an applied purpose and a causal-correlation nature, which was used to analyze the information from the T-test and Pearson tests in SPSS software and the authors' field observations. The statistical population of the research also includes the citizens aged 19 to 65 years of Ponak neighborhood of Tehran, which was determined as a sample size of 384 people based on Cochran's model. The findings of the research show that the condition of the investigated neighborhood has been evaluated favorably from the perspective of urban infrastructure indicators in terms of livability and resilience. Also, in the dimension of livability, the only component of benefiting from green and public spaces suitable for recreation and social interaction, and in the dimension of resilience, the two components of access to suitable open spaces and temporary accommodation places in times of crisis and appropriate mechanisms to protect infrastructure and the existence of emergency plans for reconstruction they are in a bad situation. On the other hand, there is a significant positive and direct relationship between 6 components of livability and 6 components of resilience from the point of view of urban infrastructure in Ponak neighborhood at the 95% confidence level. In other words, the desirability of the neighborhood from the perspective of livable city infrastructure has led to the improvement of resilience in the dimensions of adaptability (ability to go back), resistance (ability to absorb shock) and variability (ability to change and adapt). In this way, according to the appropriate standards of urban planning, especially in the strengthening of houses and buildings, as well as the absence of hazardous uses in the aspect of livability, the return to the past has a favorable state in Ponak neighborhood. On the other hand, according to the existing infrastructure of the neighborhood, such as easy access to the main routes of the city and the flexibility of the roads, proper access to medical centers and rescue facilities, houses and resistant infrastructures, as well as the compatibility of the land use of the resistance neighborhood and the ability to absorb shock in Ponak neighborhood is highly desirable has it. Also, any crisis and danger in human and environmental dimensions will destroy the body and existing infrastructure. However, in order to achieve the ability to change and adapt to these risks, we need flexible plans in different dimensions, especially urban infrastructure. Adaptability is desirable in Ponak neighborhood due to proper infrastructure, however, the ability to change requires spending a lot of money and time.

The purpose of the present study was to quantitatively and qualitatively investigate the gap in cultural values between mothers and daughters.

This research was applied in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of the nature of the data. The statistical population was a quantitative part of the female students of Farhangian University of Bushehr, 235 of whom were selected using Cochran's formula and multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The population of the qualitative part was the female students of Farhangian University of Bushehr, 25 of whom were selected according to the principle of theoretical saturation by purposive sampling. The research tool in the quantitative part was a researcher-made questionnaire. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by obtaining the opinions and suggestions of the expert panel members, and the reliability of the instrument was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha of 0.8 for the capital questionnaire, 0.73 for cultural values, and 0.74 for the construction of power distribution in the family. The research tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview. Reliability was confirmed through the triangulation method of researchers and control by the participants, and the reliability was confirmed by the within-subject agreement method of two coders of 75.5%. In the quantitative part, the data were analyzed with multiple regression and the U-Man-Whitney test with SPSS 26 software, and in the qualitative part, with thematic analysis in the MAXQDA 2020 software.

In the quantitative part, the results showed that the difference between mothers and daughters was significant in terms of cultural values. The variables of capital difference and the structure of power distribution are the most significant predictors. There was a gap in cultural values between mothers and daughters. In the qualitative part, 225 basic themes, 8 organizing themes and one overarching theme were formed in the participants' description of the gap in cultural values between mothers and daughters. In examining the views of the participants, about the role of capital difference on the gap in cultural values, 385 basic themes, 11 organizing-themes and 4 overarching themes and the role of the structure of power distribution on the gap in cultural values, 102 basic themes, 5 An organizing theme and an inclusive theme emerged.

There was a significant difference between mothers and daughters in terms of cultural values. The variables of capital difference and the construction of power distribution had a significant role on the gap of cultural values, which the participants confirmed by explaining the nature of this role.

Planning to achieve sustainable development by using the evaluation of ecological capacity in order to choose the best places for development, is a new approach that nowadays, has attracted the attention of urban and regional planners and is considered as an important factor to achieve it. In this research, using the integration of network analysis process and geographic information system, the ecological potential of urban development in Shabestar city has been evaluated in order to determine the suitable areas for this purpose. In order to achieve the goal, first the effective criteria in urban development were identified according to the research conducted and experts' opinions were collected through the Delphi method, and finally 7 criteria and 11 sub-criteria were selected. Then, using the pairwise comparison method, the importance of the criteria was determined relative to each other, and the criteria were weighted using the network analysis process. Finally, the information layers needed in the GIS environment were applied to them based on the fuzzy logic of valuation and the obtained weights, and the ecological power map was obtained using the weighted superimposition of the layers. The results obtained from the research show that 28% of the area of Shabestar city has completely adequate capacity, 24% has adequate capacity, which indicates the high capacity of the region for development. These areas mainly include the southern part of the city, which extends from east to west. On the other hand, only 14% of the area is completely unsuitable and 17% is designated as unsuitable, which includes the northern heights of the city. Based on these matters and according to the final classification map, it can be concluded that the favorable areas for the future physical development of Shabestar city are mostly in the southern part of this city.

Concerning the importance of distilled water chemical specification, studying operational condition effect on product quality is extremely important in Utility Areas. Considering geographical locating of many chemical and petrochemical units in Iran, these facilities are forced to consume brackish water as feed for their utility. Hence, different challenges are formed compared with coastal units use sea water instead. Our sample during this study imports brackish water with E.C≈ 2500, T.H≈550 into the softener resin beds for feed water softening. Then the first R.O. unit is employed to produce DM water with E.C≈ 25, T.H≈0. Finally, the most valuable part of our production chain is another R.O. unit which supplies high purity Distilled water as the feed of Utility. There are several important parameters to evaluate permeate quality or the last unit’s performance including Anions concentration (Na, Ca, Mg, K) and Cations concentration (CO32-, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42-). Clearly. The most important parameter is supposed to be chlorine, Carbone and bicarbonate concentration which was studied during operational tests. Hence, the sensitivity of product quality with process variables such as feed pH, retention time, R.O. element pressure and temperature were examined and adjusted rigorously.

Urban and regional planning, is done with the aim of developing and hazards, whether natural or man-made obstacles in the way of development. War is one of the hazards of that have been along human and has increased in recent decades because of conflict of interest countries. The passive defense as an attempt at pre-crisis, aimed at reducing the vulnerability of the infrastructure should be considered in planning.
Due to the adjacency with Tehran, Alborz Province road network, are the road link between the capital and the provinces of North and North West and transit route to their North-West neighbors. In addition, the high concentration of population and industry in the middle and eastern part around province’s road network, on the one hand makes importance and on the other hand cause of the threats and vulnerabilities. Therefore planning to reduce the vulnerability of important infrastructure in times of crisis and maintain its efficiency is of paramount importance.
In the present study in order to identify areas and roads that are vulnerable to the threat of war, first, we determine the criteria and indicators of vulnerability, then ranking using IHWP and In the GIS environment vulnerability maps were prepared In the different categories, then, using the SWOT model, strategies for reducing roads vulnerability is defined.
The findings indicated that The main east-west road network of Alborz province in Central and Eastern areas war will be high vulnerability to the threat of war. At the same time, the capabilities and opportunities facing the road network in the same axis. Therefore with the completion of projects under construction and planned to create parallel axes and the retrofitting of bridges and displacement some land use, to reduce the vulnerability of road network Alborz province.

van Genuchten model is a well-known and most widely used model for the estimation of soil water retention curve. The parameters of this model have been estimated by different estimators such as soil texture. But so far the properties of compaction curve have not been used to estimate the parameters of van Genuchten model. Compaction curve is one of the soil mechanical properties and shows the relationship between the stress-strain with the elasticity modulus. Soil water retention and compaction curves have similarities. Measurement of soil water retention curve is time-consuming and costly while the measurement of compaction curve is cheap and needs less time. For this study, 150 soil samples (distributed and undistributed) were collected from five provinces of Iran. Soil water retention was measured at 12 suctions and the compaction curve was obtained using uniaxial apparatus in the confined sample. In this research, 6 levels of estimators including compaction characteristics and equations coefficients were used to estimate water content. In general, results showed that the use of compaction curve was useful to estimate the soil water retention curve. The second and sixth levels with the estimators of Pc-Cc-Cs and parameters of stress-strain model (indirectly), respectively along with basic soil properties had higher estimation accuracy compared to other estimator levels. The reason for the excellence of these estimators can be due to their correlation with van Genuchten model parameters and mechanical concept of estimators. Moreover, the similarity between the two curves was one of the reasons for the appropriate estimation of soil water retention curve.

In this paper we have utilized optimum control procedures to derive an optimum monetary rule for Iran’s economy; assuming the policy makers are using the interest rate as a policy variable. In doing so a dynamic stochastic model with rational expectation was setup. The model is calibrated with the use of previous findings in the literature. The results show that the optimum reacrion of the policy makers should be to raise the interest rate in the event of increase in inflation and output and to lower in response to technological shock. The policy makers should also aggressively increase interest rate to an increase in money supply. The interesting point is that the optimum policy requires reaction of the interest rate to the asset prices under different senarious.