فهرست مطالب محمد صادق رجایی

The purpose of this research is to identify and explain the cultural determinants of women's orientation. The population of the study is women aged between 15 and 49 years old in Shiraz in 1396. In a multi-stage cluster randomized sampling, 550 women were selected from among the neighborhoods of the 10 regions of Shiraz. The data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 43 items whose validity was (65%) and its reliability was (78%). For analyzing the structural relationships between cultural determinants of research, Structural Equation Modeling and Lisrel software have been used.
The results of the research show that new foreign media with a factor loading of (0.41), virtual networks with a factor loading of (0.45), the expansion of feminist values ​​with factor loading of (0.43), consumptionism with factor loading of (0.51), Hedonism with a factor loading of (0.36) and attitude toward women with a factor loading of (0.13), as cultural predictors, have a determinant role in the form and Veiling of women surveyed. The fitting indices of the structural model of the research also confirming the hypotheses, show that the developed model supports the theoretical framework and the literature of research and the predictors of the model in total with a factor loading (0.55) have a strong correlation with Veiling orientation and explain 30% of the variations in women's Veiling direction. In addition, the internal media and the fluidity of religious norms have not played a determining role in the direction of the Veiling Women.

The aim of this paper is to analyze content of commercial advertisements printed in common publications of the country during two eight-year period in order to show the process of the changes, form and style of representation of traditional and gender stereotypes in sixteen years ego. The research data has been collected through systematic sampling of 456 weekly and monthly copies. Comparing data of two studies showed that, although in the second period traditional roles (mother, wife and housekeeping) has been represented less, but in the second period women somehow depicted (beautiful, young and skinny) so that they always need to regenerate their bodies. As a result, in both periods incomplete and distorted image of women has been represented that one cannot assume it would be the image of Iranian and Islamic women. Therefore, it is necessary to use the whole range of achievements and successes of women in different fields to challenge this kind of representation.

As dental solid waste are among the most important environmental pollutants due to its high contents of toxic and hazardous agents, suitable treatment and management of it are of great importance. The objective of this study was to quantity & quality analyses of dental solid waste and associated management practices in the general dentistry offices in the city of Arak.
15 samples of solid waste were taken from the 5 selected general dentistry offices, classified into 66 components and 4 fractions, and then the quantity & quality characteristics were evaluated. Management practices of the solid waste were also investigated by using a questionnaire.
According to the results, per capita and the average generation rate of each dentistry office were 66.71 g/day-patient and 1340.45 g/day, respectively. Potential infectious, domestic-type, chemical & pharmaceutical, and toxic wastes consisted of 54.25%, 35.14%, 8.19%, and 2.14% of the waste generated, respectively. 10 components including latex gloves, nylon & plastic, saliva & blood-contaminated kleenex, paper & cardboard, used ampoules, saliva ejector tubes, gypsum, food waste, saliva & blood-contaminated dental rolls, and nylon gloves were responsible for more than 80% of the total waste generated, respectively.
Each fraction of dental solid waste (toxic, chemical & pharmaceutical, potential infectious and domestic-type wastes) should be separately collected and disposed of according to the related criteria.

Naphthalene is released into the environment by burning such organic materials as fossil fuels and wood and in industrial and vehicle exhaust emissions. Naphthalene is used in the manufacture of plastics, resins, fuels, and dyes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of UV/TiO2/H2O2 process to decompose naphthalene in aqueous solutions. For this purpose, the photocatalytic degradation of naphthalene was investigated under UV light irradiation in the presence of TiO2 and H2O2 under a variety of conditions. Photodegradation efficiencies of H2O2/UV, TiO2/UV, and H2O2/TiO2/UV processes were compared in a batch reactor using the low pressure mercury lamp irradiation. The effects of operating parameters such as reaction time (min); solution pH; and initial naphthalene, TiO2, and H2O2 concentrations on photodegradation were examined. In the UV/TiO2/H2O2 system with a naphthalene concentration of 15 mg/L, naphthalene removal efficiencies of 63, 75, 80, 88, 92, 95, 96.5, and 98% were achieved, respectively, for reaction times of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 100 and 120 min. This is while removal efficienciesof 50, 59.5, 69, 80, 85, 88, 91, and 95% were obtained in the UV/TiO2 system under the same conditions. For initial pH values of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,9, 10, and 12, naphthalene removal efficiencies of approximately 96.8, 85.5, 86, 75.5, 68.8, 57.8, and 52.5% were acheived, respectively, with the UV/TiO2/H2O2 system. Thus, it may be claiomed that, compared to either H2O2/UV or TiO2/UV process, the H2O2/TiO2/UV process yielded a far more efficient photodegradation.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of forms of capital (cultural capital, social capital, economic capital) and lifestyle on reading in Ahwaz city. The population of this research is all resident of Ahwaz city aged above 15 years that among them 400 people selected randomly. The method of this research is survey and data were collected questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. For test of hypothesies regression and Pearson correlation is applied. Findings indicate that level of reading is low among respondants and 40 percent have no reading or lower than 1 hour in week and lower than 10 percent have above 10 hour reading in week. Results of regression analysis showed a significant positive effect of cultural capital, social capital and economic capital on reading. In other words, increase in individual’s level of capitals (in its three dimensions). Modern Lifestyle has significant positive effect on reading. 42/7 percent of reading variance explained by independent variables. Today, cultural product consumption particularly books is an index indicating the level of cultural development in different countries. Hence, investigation of factors that affect this phenomenon is of importance.

The main objective of the present study was to investigate Cd(II) adsorption by immobilized silica nanopowder within calcium alginate and to determine the isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics of the adsorption process. Batch flow mode reactors were used to investigate the effects of initial pH, contact time and metal ion concentration on Cd(II) adsorption. The optimal contact time and initial pH for Cd(II) adsorption were found to be 120 min and 4.0, respectively. Increasing Cd(II) ion concentration from 10 to 1000 mg/L led to increasing adsorbed Cd(II) ions from 5.71 to 100.65 mg/g. The results showed that the Langmuir isotherm model was the best model to describe the experimental data (R2=0.997). The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) for Cd(II) adsorption onto the adsorbent was estimated to be 72.99 mg/g. Based on the mean free energy of adsorption (E) obtained from Dubinin-Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm model, Cd(II) adsorption onto immobilized silica nanopowder follows a chemical mechanism (E=8.451 kJ/mol). The kinetic study indicated that the pseudo-second order model was a more suitable model than the pseudo-first order one for describing Cd(II) adsorption (R2=0.999). Additionally, the negative ∆Hº and ΔGº values demonstrated an exothermic and spontaneous Cd(II) adsorption onto immobilized silica nanopowder.

There is nowadays a growing concern about nitrate pollution in groundwater resources and its adverse impacts on the public health. The present experimental study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of the Fe° calcium alginate process in nitrate reduction. For this purpose, the effect of Fe° adsorbed on calcium alginate on nitrate oxidation was investigated at a pH range of 2 to10, a contact time of 10 to 90 min, nitrate concentrations of 50 to 300 mg/L and with calcium alginat concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/L. Nitrate level in the effluent was measured using spectrophotometry. Results showed that a pH level of 3 and a contact time of 15 min were the optimal values in the Fenton process for nitrate removal. Under these conditions, nitrate removal efficiencies for FeШ, FeІІ, Fe°, FeІІ/Fe°/H2O2, and FeШ/Fe°/H2O2 were 10.5, 27.6, 36.5, 62.3, and 74%, respectively, for a retention time of 90 min, an initial nitrate concentration of 100 mg/L, an iron concentration of 10 mg/L, and a pH level of 4. The results indicate that the corrective fenton process with zero iron nano-particles can effectively reduce nitrate under optimal conditions and that this method can be successfully used for the removal of similar compounds.

Goals: The purpose of this paper is to investigate organizational barriers effecting on implementation of knowledge management in Khouzestan public libraries. These barriers consist of lack of trust in the organization, hierarchical and non-flexible, non-belief and support for the involvement of senior management and the lack of incentive systems. the Study populations consist of 260 librarians, 150 of which are selected randomly as sample. Data collection tool is questionnaire that to assess its validity and reliability, confirmatory factor analysis and a reliability measure of Cranach's Alpha (0/896) was used. Confirmatory factor analysis and Lisrel software was used to test the hypotheses. all hypotheses of this study were accepted. The Results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that all dimensions of organizational barriers (namely lack of trust in the organization, hierarchical and non-flexible, non-belief and support for the involvement of senior management and the lack of incentive systems) have acceptable factor bars. No belief and support for the involvement of senior management have the strongest effect with 0.72. organizational barriers such as lack of trust in the organization, hierarchical and non-flexible, non-belief and support for the involvement of senior management and the lack of incentive systems influence knowledge management have failed.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological characteristics of the wife include two criteria: (attractiveness, fitness, physical fitness, age and spouses) religious beliefs wife include: (Morality and faith) and their relationship is Homogamy in mate selection. Among the 3549 patients in this population of unmarried male and female university students in 1389 arranged 178 male students and 170 female students and a total of 348 subjects were selected by random sampling. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire for assessing the validity of the construct validity and reliability of the factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha was used. The results show that religious beliefs and morphological characteristics of the Homogamy in mate selection, there is a significant positive relationship. Results indicate that the standard morphological methods for male students compared to female students of the wife is more important. Religious beliefs of the criteria for female students compared to male students is important. Other results indicate that 38% of the students tend to choose their partners among their ethnicity. Whereas only 26% of students tend to choose his wife from among close relatives.

Backgrounds and Nowadays, global concerns about nitrate in groundwater and its adverse impact on health have increased. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of nitrate reduction from aqueous solution through modified Fenton process using Nano scale zero-valent iron. This research was an experimental study and performed at laboratory scale. Nitrate reduction was conducted by advanced oxidation process of Fe°/FeІІ/FeШ/H2O2 at pH 2-10, contact time 10-90 min, nitrate concentrations of 50-300 mg/L, and the molar ratio of [H2O2] / [Fe] 0. 5-5. The effect of adding H2O2, molar ratio of reagents, contact time, and pH on nitrate removal was examined and optimal conditions for each of these parameters were determined. Spectrophotometer Dr/5000 was used to measure nitrate in the effluent. We found that the optimal parameters in our studywere pH 3, the molar ratio [H2O2] / [Fe°] of 0. 5, and the contact time 15 min. By applying these conditions, nitrate removal efficiency at the retention time 15 min, initial nitrate concentration of 100 mg/L, iron concentration of 10 mg/L, and pH 4 for FeШ، FeІІ، Fe°، FeІІ/Fe°/H2O2 and FeШ/Fe°/H2O2 was 10. 5, 27. 6, 36. 5, 62. 3, and 74% respectively. According to the experimental results, it was determined that modified Fenton process using zero iron nano-particles can reduce nitrate under optimal conditions and this method can be used for the removal of similar compounds.

Today، global concerns about water pollution with chemicals and its adverse impact on health have increased. This study aims to evaluate the physical and chemical quality of water treated through domestic water treatment systems. aterials and In this cross-sectional descriptive study، water samples were collected from 60 domestic water treatment systems and parameters، such as turbidity، total dissolved and suspended solid، total hardness and calcium، magnesium hardness، alkalinity، total alkalinity، carbonate، bicarbonate، nitrate، sulfate، nitrite and fluoride، EC، pH، and free chlorine residuals، were examined. The results indicate that the average concentration of chemical parameters in treated water were: chloride=0. 1mg/L، nitrate=0. 006mg/l، sulfate=5 mg/l، Nitrate=15mg/L، bicarbonate=49 mg/L، calcium hardness=18 mg/L، and fluoride=0 mg/l. The overall results of this study indicated that the use of municipal water treatment reduced Cl2، sulfate، and bicarbonate concentrations than the optimal levels in urban areas water. However، nitrite concentration was significantly higher in the output of these systems than distribution systems، which is a source of concern.

The presence of nitrate in drinking water causes various health and environmental problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of nitrate reduction by Fe/H2O2 process and adsorption on activated carbon. This experimental study investigated nitrate oxidation by advanced oxidation process of Fe°/FeІІ/FeШ/H2O2 at pH 2-10، nitrate concentrations of 50-300 mg/L. After adjusting the pH، 0. 5، 1، 2، 5، and 10 g/L values of GAC، PAC، H2O2/GAC، and Fe/H2O2/GAC together with H2O2 at retention times of 15، 30، 45، 60، and 90 minutes، respectively، were added and mixed. At retention time of 10 minutes and 0. 5 mL H2O2 and 1 g/L from Fe°، FeІІ، and FeІІІ، the removal efficacy was 88. 5، 84 and 78%، respectively. At 50 mg/L nitrate and 0. 5، 1، and 10 mg/L GAC concentrations، the removal efficacy was 56. 5، 93. 6، and 82. 6%، respectively. The nitrate removal efficiency at pH=4 was approximately 50%، whereas at pH=3 with 30% efficacy، it increased to 80%. Modified Fe/H2O2 process with iron nano-particles and activated carbon adsorption can effectively reduce nitrate under optimal conditions. The use of activated carbon at a concentration of 1 g/L increased the removal efficiency of nitrate to 90%.

Hospital wastewater usually contains pathogenic micro-organisms, drugs, radio active materials, and toxic chemical elements that in case of being disposed without filtration, will result in pollution and spread of diseases. Therefore, evaluating the status of wastewater disposal in hospitals is necessary for proper planning. In a cross-sectional descriptive study in 2008, data collection was done by means of interviews, observations, and questionnaires in all hospitals of Markazi Province. Noticing the 33 items in the questionnaire, the overall conditions of the hospitals and the methods of using the sewage system were studied, and at the same time, filtration installations and wastewater disposal systems were inspected. Of all the 19 hospitals, 10 used a conventional method of direct disposal of sewage to subterranean shafts, and of the 4 hospitals with filtration installations, three were practically out of order or were not efficient. Five of the hospitals were directly linked to the city sewage system without any pre-filtration. None of the hospitals had a specialized operator of sewage filtration and disposal system. Wastewater disposal in hospitals of Markazi Province is not desirable; therefore, such acts as conducting more specific surveys, creating a positive attitude in planners, and providing sufficient funds for filtering wastewater in some of the hospitals are suggested.