محمد همتیان

Underlining the views of Allama Tabatabaei, this study is an attempt to investigate the reciprocal effect between personality and behavior. Personality is a psychological terminology which is discussed in religious sources and Tabatabaei’s views as the foundation, predisposition, or secondary nature. Therefore, this study has utilized a descriptive-analytical methodology toward interdisciplinary research to explain one of the critical bases in ethical training and psychological treatment. Delving into the Quranic views of Allama Tabatabaei, as the most influential contemporary commentator of the Holy Quran, concerning the reciprocal effect between the foundation of personality and behavior deems important.  The innovation of the current research is the use of contents associated with “the relationship between body and soul “, “deeds’ embodiment" and “motivation” in explaining the reciprocal relationship between personality and behavior. Allama believes that the formation of behavior is dependent upon the type of knowledge, the intensity of beliefs, the direction of emotions and feelings and quality of human authority and, in addition to explaining the five-stage of their genesis states that personality is affected and formed by behaviors in this world. Then consequences associated with this mutual effect in this world, in Barzakh and the next world, is argued in light of the theory of embodiment of deeds.

Demographic studies have shown that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is more prevalent in children with convergence insufficiency than in normal children. The purpose of the present study was to compare ADHD symptoms in Iranian children with convergence insufficiency and normal children.
In the current descriptive-comparative study, 47 children diagnosed with convergence insufficiency were compared with 61 normal children in Borujen city. Complete ocular exams were performed by an Optometrist. Children with a history of ocular trauma or surgery and developmental and psychiatric disorders were excluded. After obtaining the informed consent, the Persian translation of Child Symptom Inventory (CSI-4): Parent Checklist was usedto evaluate ADHD symptoms in these children. Data was analyzed using SPSS 19 software.
Data was analyzed for 61 normal children and 47 cases with convergence insufficiency. The mean age of children with convergence insufficiency and normal ones were 10.7 (SD=1.6) and 10.7 (SD=1.8), respectively.No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups on inattention, hyperactivity-impulsivity, and oppositional behavior scales (p>0.05).
No significant difference was observed in ADHD symptoms between children with convergence insufficiency and normal children.