فهرست مطالب محمد کریمی فرزقی

Water is one of the most important factors limiting agricultural development. The proper water management on the farm is also significant. To improve the existing conditions, a study aimed at investigating the growth characteristics of replacement corms and photosynthetic levels of saffron plants in response to different irrigation methods under water stress. An experiment was conducted on a farm in Ahmadabad Sheikh village, Torbat - Heydariyeh, from September 2020 to June 2021. In this experiment, the main treatment included three irrigation methods (basin irrigation, drip irrigation, and subsurface irrigation) and the sub-treatment of three irrigation levels (100%, 70%, and 40% of saffron water requirement). On May 1, 2021, to determine the traits related to photosynthetic level (number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, fresh and dry weight of leaves) were sampled. On June 10, 2021, to study the growth characteristics of replacement corms (number of replacement corms, replacement corm diameter, weight wet and dry replacement corm) sampling was done. The results showed that the effect of method and amount of irrigation on the characteristics of replacement corms and photosynthetic level of the saffron plant was significant. The drip irrigation method significantly increased leaf number, leaf length, fresh leaf weight, leaf dry weight compared to basin irrigation and subsurface irrigation methods. The diameter of the replacement corm, the number of replacement corms, wet weight of replacement corm, and dry weight of replacement corm was reducing the amount of irrigation water from 100% of the water required to 70% and 40% due to drought stress caused a significant reduction in leaf number, leaf length fresh weight, dry leaf weight, replacement corm diameter, number of replacement corms, fresh weight of replacement corms and weight dried replacement. Based on these interpretations, choosing a suitable irrigation method along with a sufficient amount of water is significant.

In order to compare the effect of irrigation levels and methods on leaf area and replacement corm production of saffron during 2013-2014 growing season, a split plot experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications in the Jolgeh Rokh District, in 35 km Torbat Heydarie. The main plot basin irrigation, drip and sprinkler irrigation and sub plot was three levels of irrigation (100, 75 and 50 percent water requirement of saffron). The traits studied were including dry weight, number, diameter and length of leaf, dry weight, size and number of replacement corms, weight and length sheath. Sampling for determining the characteristics of leaf and sheath was done on April 30, and for corm it was done on May 31, 2014. The results showed that in the irrigation method treatments, the most dry weight of corm, leaf and sheath weight, size and number of replacement corm, number, diameter and length of leaf were observed in the case of drip irrigation. In addition, the best yield was observed in drip irrigation and the lowest amount was seen in basin irrigation. Saffron irrigation with the drip method resulted in an increase of the number of replacement corms compared to the sprinkler and basin methods (10 and 34 percent, respectively). The effect of irrigation levels was significant on some of the traits that were studied and the most yield was related to 100 percent irrigation level and the lowest one was in the 50 percent water requirement. Reducing irrigation from 100 to 50% crop water requirement severely reduced replacement corms number and their weight (62 and 86 percent, respectively). Consequently, the most photosynthesis level of Saffron and also the maximum amount of total number and total weight of replacement corms were obtained in the drip irrigation case and 100 percent irrigation level