محمداحسان زندی

Energy plays a fundamental role in achieving sustainable development. However, the global sustainable energy supply still faces significant challenges. Like many countries in the world, Iran also has encountered fundamental challenges in the energy sector, Despite Iran's abundant fossil and renewable energy capacities. Overcoming these challenges is essential for realizing sustainable development. Innovation is a necessary driver of change in the field of energy. However, innovation without an innovation strategy can be ineffective, as the innovation process involves risks and difficult decisions. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze Iran's national development plans in terms of sustainable development and innovation strategy in the energy industry.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. In terms of strategy, this research has used the library strategy. The current research has used the content analysis method to analyze the collected data and the inductive-deductive coding approach to reduce and categorize the data. This research benefited from Quantitative content analysis and Co-occurrence analysis. To perform the coding process, MaxQDA version 20 software was used. The statistical population of the research was the documents of the national development plans of Iran. The current research has studied the entire statistical population. Therefore, sampling not required. The implementation process started with theoretical studies and analysis of previous research related to innovation strategy and sustainable development. This was done to deepen the theoretical knowledge about the studied concepts and also to identify and define the research concepts and categories. In the next step, the research questions were formulated. The next stage is devoted to the review of the documents and documents of the national development plans. After this, the collected qualitative data was analyzed. In the last stage, summarization and conclusions were made and research proposals were presented. In this research, to ensure the validity and reliability of the research findings, the validity and reliability of the data were examined. For this purpose, data coding was done carefully and in several stages at different times. Also, some experienced experts in the field of energy and sustainable development re-examined the research results. To be more sure of the reliability of the research findings, the calculation of agreement between two coders or reliability between two coders has also been used.

The findings include that the writing and formulation of development plans in Iran have been mainly centered around economic growth. In other words, concepts related to social inclusiveness and environmental protection have been neglected in Iran's development plans. The evidence shows that Iran's development plans have paid significant attention to fossil energies as opposed to renewable energies. In addition to environmental hazards, this can be a serious threat to energy security in Iran. The findings show that despite the relatively high attention of Iran's development plans to the concept of technology, the concept of innovation has not been given much attention. additionally, the emphasis on technological innovation can cause neglect of the benefits of non-technological innovations.

The study aimed to analyze Iran's national development plans in terms of sustainable development and innovation strategy in the energy industry. A content analysis of the documents was conducted, assigning 993 codes related to innovation, sustainable development, strategy, and energy. The study identified three gaps in previous research: limited focus on the complexities of achieving sustainable development in different societies, unclear relationship between national development plans and sustainable development goals, and insufficient attention to the technological and human aspects of innovation strategy. The study addressed these gaps by considering Iran's contextual conditions, examining the alignment of sustainable development goals and innovation, and emphasizing both technological and human aspects of innovation. In conclusion, sustainable development has gained significant attention as a means to achieve sustainable development while preserving natural resources and future interests. Many countries have aligned their national development plans with sustainable development goals. However, the study found that Iran's development plans have primarily emphasized economic growth at the expense of social inclusiveness and environmental preservation. The energy sector plans have disproportionately focused on fossil fuels and this poses risks to energy security and the environment. Non-technological innovations have been neglected despite a strong emphasis on technology acquisition. Additionally, Iran's development plans lack a strategic approach to innovation, which is crucial for clean energy and sustainability. The study highlights a historical lack of attention to sustainable development concepts in Iran's plans. Overall, there is a growing global trend toward integrating sustainable development as a comprehensive and fundamental concept in national development plans. Following the path of the current research, it is suggested that future researchers use quantitative methods to investigate the impact of innovation strategies on sustainable development in the energy industry. In addition, the realization of the country's development plans can be examined with quantitative methods.

Innovation capacity is a key element in the continuity of innovation and growth and survival in firms. Despite extensive studies of innovation capacity, there is little agreement on the components of this concept. Accurate knowledge of innovation capacity components is essential because of its importance in achieving higher performance in innovation. The present study has identified and explained the components of the concept of innovation capacity using the beyond method. To this end, a systematic review of the research background was conducted for the common dimensions of previous research, and by selecting 31 quality research in the field of study, 33 codes، 14 concepts and 4 components of innovation capacity were identified and labeled. The results of this research show that the components of the technical and intellectual component, human, environmental, background and organizational, are effective in improving the capacity of innovation. It is possible to achieve a technical and intellectual component by strengthening research and development and information and communication technology. The human component is realized by improving learning, culture and the quality of human capital. Improving the environmental and contextual component is possible by improving the macroeconomic-social environment, the state of competition and the market, and access to urban facilities. The organizational component of innovation capacity is achieved through collaboration, networking, knowledge management, financial resource allocation, entrepreneurship, improving the overall performance of the organization and the performance of organizational managers.

The present study aimed to find the reasons for consumers behavior change in ride-hailing innovation ecosystem in Iran.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and used a qualitative approach. The present study has used causal layered analysis. This research has tried to study the phenomenon by using a library research and Delphi technique consisting of 18 academic and business experts.

There are several reasons for consumers behavior change in ride-hailing innovation ecosystem at four levels of litany, system, worldview and metaphor and myth. The most important findings were at the systemic level and metaphors and myths. System-level findings include the use of information technology tools, new mega trends, sharing economy and increasing productivity. Findings at the level of metaphors and myths also include the innate human tendency for maximum ease, the innate human tendency for the least uncertainty, the need for transparency, the tendency to save the most resources and time.

Consumers' expectation of continuous improvement is likely to lead to more innovations in this ecosystem., the emergence of new actors to achieve greater ease, greater transparency, reduce uncertainty and save more resources and time is expected.

The purpose of this study was to identify innovation capacity in Information and communication technology-based firms. In this descriptive and analytical study, the research method was quantitative-qualitative, which was performed in two parts. The first part was done qualitatively through a literature review and interviews with nine policy makers, experts, and managers of companies in the field of information and communication technology. In the second part, the model obtained from the previous stage was surveyed by distributing a questionnaire among 275 companies active in this field to assess the validity of the proposed model. In this research, the most important organizational factors affecting innovation capacity were collaboration and communication, resources of the idea, individual factors, organizational culture, strategies and technology management, knowledge management and organizational learning, and allocation of resources to innovation. In addition, the environmental factors affecting the innovation capacity were respectively institutional support, macroeconomic factors, and the firm location. The innovation outcomes, market outcomes, financial outcomes, and human outcomes were also the most important indicators of innovation capacity measurement. Additionally, environmental factors in promoting the innovation capacity of ICT firms were more important than organizational factors. The reason for this significance seems to be the high impacts of economic growth, stability, competitiveness, and government support for innovation on ICT NTBFs.