فهرست مطالب محمدباقر صادقی

The present study explains the response of society's welfare to government debt shocks andinstitutional quality under the golden rule of financial development for the years 1365-1400. For this purpose,using the structural vector autoregression model (SVAR), which are known as impulse models; The effects ofuncertainty caused by the size of the government, government budget deficit, financial development, oil andcurrency impulses on the economic well-being of the society were investigated. The findings showed that animpulse from the oil price and exchange rate causes a 9% and 2% decrease in the economic well-being of thesociety. The response of the economic well-being of the society to the impetus from the financial developmentarea is also close to 3%. Also, the results of the analysis of variance caused by a sudden change specific impulseshow that in the third period, 19.13 percent of the changes are related to oil price impulses, 15.97 percent arerelated to the exchange rate impulse, 27.98 percent are related to the budget deficit impulse, 67 2.2% wasrelated to the impulse of government size and 3.56% was related to the impulse of financial development.Because the relationship of financial markets is the main factor in the transfer of oil price instability to othersectors of the economy, financial discipline is the only wise way to deal with the phenomenon of improper use ofoil resources, currency and financial instability. For this reason, it is necessary to vaccinate the economyagainst the instability of oil revenues by disconnecting the government's current expenditures with oil revenues.Also, regarding the way of spending oil revenues, the existing laws regarding saving a part of oil revenues in theNational Development Fund should be implemented with more executive guarantee

Developing countries, especially those with the rent of natural resources, are facing the inefficiency and large size of the government. In many cases, in order to compensate for the structural deficit, countries with natural resource rent create a capital balance surplus in the budget by reducing construction costs and allocate the created capital surplus to current expenses. This has long-term negative lasting consequences for economic growth. In many countries, this approach is not able to compensate the total deficit of the operating balance of the government, and the remaining deficit is financed through borrowing from abroad or the domestic economy. In this study, the impact of government debt on the growth and welfare of the society under the golden rule of financial development during the period of 1365-1399 and the application of the soft transfer threshold approach (STAR) was analyzed. The results of the non-linear part of the model show the existence of a positive relationship between the financial development variable and the economic growth and welfare index. Also, the variables of government size, government budget deficit, oil shock, exchange rate fluctuations and sanctions respectively lead to a decrease; 17%, 14%, 6%, 43% and 2% are economic growth and prosperity. The main channel of influencing financial development is done through increasing investment efficiency, quality of regulations, reducing economic sanctions and governance indicators. Therefore, the way of financial market liberalization, the weakness of financial system management and the lack of formation of coherent financial markets and the benefit of regulations in the country can be considered as the reasons for the reduction of investment efficiency through the non-optimal allocation of resources in the country. As a result, more attention and diligence should be done in the country to develop and make the financial markets more efficient, and as a result, allocate resources more efficiently and increase investment efficiency. Also, due to the strong dependence of the government budget on oil revenues, this dependence should be reduced and attention to tax income should be increased.

lumbar disc degeneration is a multifactorial degenerative disease which is affected by genetic inheritance and environmental factors. Type XI collagen is important for organization of the extracellular matrix and cartilage collagen construction. Rs1676486 is a SNP that causes the conversion of C-T, resulting in a change in the expression of the collagen 11 alpha chain. The T allele reduces the alpha 1 chain transcription of collagen 11 and ultimately leads to an imbalance in gene expression.

This study aims to determine the genetic variant of alpha1 type11 collagen is associated with the progress of intervertebral disc degeneration. All patients were selected from the AL-Zahra Hospital of medical university of Isfahan, Iran, between April 2016 and September 2017. SNP rs1676486 of alpha1 type11 collagen was genotyped in 100 patients and 100 healthy controls. The inclusion criteria for patients were: individuals who had typical clinical and imaging symptoms and signs of intervertebral disc degeneration. Exclusion criteria were: patients with trauma, metabolic and neuromuscular diseases, and congenital disorder of the spine. The Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples by a Whole Blood Genomic DNA Extraction Kit. The chi-square test and fisher’s exact test were evaluated to determine differences of genotype and allele distributions between intervertebral disc degeneration patients and healthy controls. To compare the relationship between genotypes and clinical features the Mann-Whitney U test was used.

The mean age was 39.54±9.52 years for the patients and 28.14±5.32 years for the controls, respectively. The mean BMI were 26.3±3.18 kg/m2 and 27.3±3.52 kg/m2 for the patients and the controls, respectively. In addition, the results showed that the prevalence of surgical disc in patients with L4-L5 levels was 52.1% and L5-S1, with 31.1%. This study showed, rs1676486 in alpha1 type11 collagen gene was associated with modified intervertebral disc degeneration at age ≤50 years and this gene increases intervertebral disc degeneration risk at age >50 years. SNP rs1676486 had the significant association with the intervertebral disc degeneration (P=0.019), and patients were found to have higher frequency of AA than the controls.

This observation shows that type XI collagen is related to age and genetic factor in intervertebral disc degeneration disease.

Hypertension is one of the most important health problems which cause significant morbidity and mortality and it can be affected by social factors. Life style modification is an effective strategy to manage blood pressure. This study aimed to determine the effect of educational program of lifestyle modification on adherence to diet and hypertension in hypertensive patients.
This randomized clinical trial study was done on patients with hypertension referred to Heart clinic at Sayyad hospital of Gorgan in 2015. Patients recorded adherence to diet daily (including 5 subgroups; salt consumption, fatty foods, fruits, fresh vegetables, and low fat dairies), based on the obtained scores they were considered as poor, average and complete adherence. 98 eligible patients with average and low adherence was chosen via convenience sampling and allocated into control and intervention groups using stratified random allocation (n=49). For modifying life style, face to face education took place for intervention group twice a week, over a 2-week period. Each session lasted about 2 hours. Patients in the control group received routine care without any intervention. Educational content relevant to hypertension was including description of hypertension, modifying life style (daily exercise and physical activity, smoking cessation, weight control, improving sleep pattern, decreasing anxiety and stress management), use of prescribed drugs, attend to follow-up appointments, and following recommended diet. Then, adherence to diet was recorded daily for two weeks in both groups.
Result showed that education of life style modification was effective on diet adherence (P Educational program for improving diet adherence as a practical life style modification may result to decrease blood pressure of patients with hypertension.

A lot of evidence of crisis in authentic leadership in almost all sectors of organizational and professional life of such as great embezzlements in organizations, financial bad performance, employee abuse, ethical corruption, aggressive and Illegal marketing activities, ethical scandals of the leaders and therefore distrust to leadership in organization and social has increased importance and necessity of the authentic leaders. The aim of this study is investigate the effect of supervisor's personality traits (conscientiousness, agreeableness and neuroticism) and ethical context on authentic leadership of with mediating role of leader-member exchange. This research is descriptive and correlation design Statistical society was employees of Bidboland gas refinery So that sample was selected from 209 persons of them were selected by simple random method. Data were gathered by personality traits (NEO-FFI), ethical context, leader-member exchange, authentic leadership scales. Data analyzed by Pearson correlation structural equation modeling and bootstrap method. Results indicated that personality traits and as well as ethical context in organization has considerable impact on improve leader-member exchanges and also followed trustworthiness leaders. managers and organizations leaders must be develop honest and trusting relationships in a work environment and to adjust organizational decisions and policies in line with self-actualization of and employees increase productivity.

Several emulsions were synthesized using a crude oil sample named Nowruz as the oil phase، the deionized water as the water phase and Span 40-type surfactant as the emulsifier and parameters affecting the rheological properties of emulsions were studied. In order to investigate the quality of emulsions، their stability was monitored in a three month period. A power-law model was used for the dependence of emulsion viscosity on shear rate and Liu، Richardson، Mooney، and Krieger-Dougherty models were used for the dispersed phase volume fraction dependency. It was observed that the data obtained from modeling were consistent with the experimental data. The results obtained by microscopic analysis revealed that the phase inversion phenomenon took place in the range of 40 to 50% of the dispersed phase (water) content. Temperature was found to be a significantly effective factor in all the samples including the crude oil and its emulsions. It was observed that an increase in temperature could cause a considerable decrease in viscosity، shear stress، and dynamic moduli. An increase in water volume fraction caused an increase in viscosity and dynamic moduli up to the phase inversion point and resulted in a reverse trend beyond this point. The investigation of shear rate effect demonstrated a Newtonian behavior for the crude oil and shear-thinning effect for the emulsions over a wide range of shear rates. The shear-thinning effect increased with an increase in water content and surfactant concentration. The results showed a decrease in loss tangent and a notable increase in viscosity، shear stress، dynamic moduli، and elasticity of emulsions with an increase in surfactant concentration.