فهرست مطالب محمدحسین رفیعی

According to religious teachings, reciting the Holy Quran has various effects on various aspects of human life. Discovering and deducing these effects from religious sources play a crucial role in promoting and fostering the culture of Quranic recitation in society. Ayatollah Khamenei, a prominent Islamic scholar, has shown particular interest in both promoting the culture of Quranic recitation and exploring its effects. In numerous speeches and sessions held during his leadership, he has emphasized the special importance of Quranic recitation, introducing desirable recitation aligned with Islamic standards and enumerating its criteria and individual and social impacts. This article employs a documentary method with an analytical and descriptive approach to examine the impact of Quranic recitation on human life from the viewpoint of Imam Khamenei. One of the research findings is that, according to him, “the best recitation” is one that not only affects the individual but also proves influential on the listeners. “Submission and humility of hearts,” “greater affinity with the Quran,” “deepening of spiritual essence,” “assistance to contemplation,” “increase in insight,” “worldly and otherworldly happiness of humans,” and “enhancement of faith” are among the individual effects. Social effects include “solving social problems and challenges,” “laying the groundwork for implementing Quranic teachings,” “attracting non-Muslims,” and “uniting Islamic countries.”.

Independence-seeking" in international relations has been one of the most important challenges of independent states in different periods. This article poses the question of what are the Quranic strategies in facing the challenges of political independence of Islamic states from the perspective of the Supreme Leader? (Question). The hypothesis of the article is formulated as follows using the documentary analytical method (method): “in the opinion of the Supreme Leader, attention to Islamic principles and values, awareness and vigilance of Islamic nations, expediency, dignity and wisdom; Unitarianism of the Islamic Ummah, lack of trust in oppressors, anti-arrogance, non-dependence on foreigners, strengthening of political relations between Islamic states, creation of a joint Islamic defense force, are the most important strategies to overcome the challenges of political independence of Islamic states”  (hypothesis). If these strategies are implemented by the Islamic states, their effects will appear in the network of theoretical and practical outputs in the policy-making and foreign policy of Islamic states.

Power and authority are important issues in social science that refer to the capability of the manager and powerful leader and authority figure to draw the leadership pattern(model). But what causes it to be in a vacuum and confusion is the progressive process of this category. Some believe that political problems are important, some believe in the priority of the cultural and social problems others believe the foundation of the economic problems, and some others educational and scientific problems are a principle. The aim of this research is to the progressive process of power and authority by observing the thought of Imam Khamenei. The method of this paper’s aim is basic, from the point of types of data is the fundamental conceptualization and the method and strategy are descriptive-analytic from the point of tool is a documentary. The proofs show that the progressive process of power and authority is discussed in individual, political, social, cultural, and economic dimensions. The result states that the progressive process of power and authority is possible through science and research, spirituality and morality, justice and combating corruption, independence and freedom, national honour, foreign affairs, enemy lines, and lifestyle, the progressive process of power and authority starts from science and includes culture, economy, and at the end at the area of politics in order of priority.

Today, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as a pandemic disease, has a high incidence and mortality rate. The experiences of those who have recovered could be of great benefit in understanding and management of the disease. This study aimed at determining the experiences of patients who have recovered from COVID-19.

A phenomenological study was performed in recovered COVID-19 patients (n=17) in Yavaran Mehdi Convalescent Care Center in Qom, Iran 2020. Purposive sampling was done and continued until data saturation was reached. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted. Data analysis was performed using Colaizzi method and MAXQDA 2018 was used to encode the data.

Data analysis led to identification of 304 primary codes and 48 sub-concepts which
were adjusted into four main concepts, including perception of COVID-19, causes of the disease, symptoms, and patients' concerns.

The main concepts of imagining and thinking about COVID-19, causes, and routes of transmission, signs, and symptoms, and concerns associated with the disease are the main dimensions, so, academic centers are recommended to provide people with informative programs.

Surgical technologistschr('39') problems may affect the perioperative outcome. The aim of this study was to evaluate musculoskeletal disorders and related ergonomic considerations in surgical technologists.

This descriptive correlational study was performed among 141 technologists of selected teaching hospitals of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The data collection tool consists of four sections containing demographic information, 13 questions to assess the level of knowledge about ergonomics, 16 questions to assess working conditions and a standard Nordic questionnaire to determine the extent of musculoskeletal disorders. T-test and ANOVA were used to compare the means, and Spearman correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between the variables.

The results showed that 78% of the participants had experienced musculoskeletal disorders in at least one area of the body during the last 12 months. The three most prevalent body regions were the low back (55%), shoulders (29%) and wrists (26%). Knowledge of correct principles of working with an average of 3.03±0.55 of 5 points was moderate, 61% reported training in ergonomic considerations as poor. Participantschr('39') work environment and tools such as poor ventilation, ergonomic tools and equipment, and lack of short rest between long-term works are contrary to ergonomic principles.

According to the identification of risk factors in this study, appropriate training programs, ergonomic interventions and the use of safety and health equipment can probably reduce occupational injuries and increase productivity.

post-operative surgical wound healing is highly important, so, it could be of great benefit to find suitable alternatives for chemical drugs through herbal remedies in Persian Medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Arnebia euchroma ointment on surgical wound healing process.

In this experimental study, 24 Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=6 per group); controls (no intervention), positive controls (silver sulfadiazine cream 1%), intervention group I (Arnebia euchroma ointment), and intervention group II (mixed Arnebia euchroma and silver sulfadiazin cream1%). In all groups, an ulcer was developed in the back of the neck, then the groups were treated for 21 days. Wound healing was evaluated at days 4, 7, 14, and 21. Data were analyzed in SPSS V22 applying one-way ANOVA and Games- Howell post hoc test for normal distribution and Kruskal-Wallis test for non-normal distribution.

Surgical wound healing was found be significantly different between intervention group I and control group at days 4 (P= 0.00) and 7 (P= 0.02). Percentage of wound healing at day 14, in control group, the positive controls, and intervention groups I and II were 81.16±4.4, 84±19.27, 94.28±4 and 82.20±19, respectively. The rate was considerably higher in intervention group I (P= 0.07).

Topical use of Arnebia euchroma root ointment can facilitate surgical wound healing.

The sterile technique is the basis of modern surgery. Therefore, sterile technique observance is required by the surgical team to preserve patient safety and prevent surgical site infection. This study was conducted to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of Surgical Technologists Regarding the Sterile Techniques principles observance in the operating room.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 198 surgical technologists working in hospitals affiliated to Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences in 2019. Surgical technologists were selected by stratified random sampling. Data collection was performed using the researcher-made questionnaire for the measurement of knowledge, attitude and practice of surgical technologists regarding the Sterile Techniques. The data was analyzed using SPSS software and applying descriptive statistics, Chi-square and t-test.

The mean scores of knowledge, attitude and practice of surgical technologists regarding the sterile techniques, were 35.7±5.8, 28.3±3.7 and 38.7±6.5 respectively. The score of knowledge and practice was moderate and the score of attitude was good. Findings showed that there was a significant difference between knowledge and practice score with educational level and The mean score of knowledge and practice was significantly higher in the participants with bachelor’s degree as compared to the participants with associate degree(p<0.05).

According to the results, it seems necessary to promote knowledge and practice of the surgical team members by implementation of training programs, encouraging staff to upgrade their education and continuing to evaluate their knowledge and practice regarding the sterile techniques.

The scientific authority of the Holy Qur'an is a novel term in Qur'anic studies and it means that the Qur'an has higher scientific qualifications in meeting the scientific needs and expectations than other scientific sources. The belief in the scientific authority of the Qur'an depends on accepting the principle of the Qur'an's comprehensiveness. However, the belief in the authority in all its aspects does not necessarily mean the belief in the scientific authority of the Qur'an.Examining the scientific authority of the Qur'an from the viewpoint of Allameh Tabatabaei, which is the topic of this study, does not have any special background. The current study has been carried out by a descriptive-analytical and discovery method of Tafsir al-Mizan and other works of Allameh Tabatabaei and its aim is to investigate the level of belief in the scientific authority of the Qur'an from the viewpoint of Allameh Tabatabaei. The findings from the examination of Allameh Tabatabaei's works on the issue of the scientific authority of the Qur'an suggest that he believes in the relative scientific authority of the Qur'an.There is not an independent topic on the issue of comprehensiveness and scientific authority in the works of Allameh Tabatabaei, but the importance of the Qur'an has led Allameh, like other commentators, to clarify his view with different literature in the light of some interpretive issues.

As his last unifying effort, Nādir Shāh Afshār’s ecumenical congress in Najaf 1156A.H./1743A.D. was held to make a change in the socio-religious system of Iran and Ottoman relationship. Although several studies have been carried out regarding this congress in Persian academic literature, this paper accomplishes a careful study, based on analytic method, on a counter-narrative of Najaf Congress which based on the observations of an eminent member and representative of Baghdād’s governor, known as Shaykh Abdullāh Suwaidi. On this basis, we will describe various aspects of socio-religious policies of Nadir and Iraq in the middle of eighteenth century, which maintains the emerging of Salafi thought among scholars and Muslim thinkers of the time.

Over the past two centuries, the history of the Islamic world has narrated the conflict between the native Muslim traditions and the native Western culture. Egyptians, due to the three-year presence of the French government, were among the pioneers in confronting Western culture. Although the activities of the French in Egypt was not as unpleasant as the experiences of other colonialists in the Middle East, anti-Westerners and opponents of the manifestation of the modernization of Muhammad Ali Pasha, who came immediately after the departure of the French from Egypt, known him as a Westernized and dependent element. The aim of this paper which is based on descriptive-analytical method using library sources is to review and study the introverted or Westernized identity of Muhammad Ali Pasha and his successors, as a case study through the process of change and transformation of the “Office of Endowment" as one of the most experienced religio-economic institutions of Muslin community in confronting Egyptian community with modernity. In this regard, this article will compare two important laws which had been approved by Muhammad Ali Pasha and his successors about the “Office of Endowments” and compare its effects with similar laws in the period of Mamluks or Ottoman Sultans. On the other hand, the establishment of the institution and organizations for administration of the “Office of Endowment” during Khadivate until the domination of Britain over the Egypt will be noticed and a report on the evolution of this important governmental institution during the evolution of Egypt’s history in nineteenth century will be presented.

The author of the present paper is going to study and explain the content of two works on the eventof Karbala. The titles of these essays are as follows: 1.“Remembering Karbalāʾ: The Construction of an Early Islamic Site of Memory,” by Antoine Borrut; 2. “Beyond the Karbala Paradigm: Rethinking Revolution and Redemption in Twelver Shi‘a Mourning Rituals” by Edith Szanto.

The author in this paper, which is the ninth part of the series of Parts of Islamic Studies, is going to provide a brief report of the following sources:Authorship in the Sīra Literature; Andreas Goerke
Persia in Crisis: Safavid Decline and the Fall of Isfahan, book review
The Concept of Salafi and the Salafism

In this paper, the writer is going to provide a report of three articles: The first one is the translation of Harun Yilmaz’s article in which he studies historiographical conflict over the independent identity of Azerbaijan during Soviet’s communist government domination over this country. Yilmaz also looks into the identity politics and the limitations of Communist party in writing of history; and has a brief explanation about the multi-national and sometimes contradictory identity of historiography policies of Soviet government. The translator examines the content of different parts of the paper. The second one is the translation of Valerie Hoffman’s article in which she explains about Oman Ibādīs’ intellectual and political developments, and their believes regarding Ilm-e Kalām. And the third one is the translation of Aftandil- Erkinov’sarticle in which hespeaks of Muhammad Rahim Khan’s cultural policies and activities as a cultural and political renaissance to confront the attackers after this territory was conqured by Russia in 1973. He especially focused on the works available in Khiva Library and its structure. Having explained the geographical features and historical condition of Khiva, he describes how Muhammad Rahim Khan formed his policies in order to support the production of books and texts which could be considered as a protective wall against Russian cultural influence.