محمدحسین فاتحی

Automatic detection of cardiac arrhythmias is very important for the successful treatment of heart disease and machine learning is used for this purpose. To correctly classify arrhythmic classes, it is important to extract the appropriate features to distinguish between different classes. In this paper, a deep convolutional neural network is used to extract the feature. Due to the fact that the heart rates of different patients are very different, arrhythmia classes will have many intra-class changes. To reduce intra-class changes, each patient's heart rate is mapped with a dedicated function to increase its resemblance to the heart rate of one of the training patient data’s. The proposed specific mapping reduces intra-class changes and significantly increases the classification accuracy of cardiac arrhythmias. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed method, its results were compared with several new studies based on three criteria for accuracy, sensitivity and specificity and on the same data set. The accuracy obtained is about 96.24%, which shows the better performance of the proposed method compared to other works.

In this paper, a novel general architecture for single-loop Sigma-Delta Modulator is presented by combination low-distortion and noise-coupled techniques for high-resolution low-power applications. The low-distortion technique in the proposed architecture makes its signal transfer function equal to one. In addition, the noise-coupled technique increases the order of quantization noise shaping at the modulator output. The purpose of using these techniques in design of the architecture is to increase the order of the modulator without needing to additional operational amplifiers during its circuit implementation to finally achieve a low-power modulator compared to similar ones. To reduce the required amplifiers, a second order infinite impulse response (IIR) filter was used instead of an integrator in the modulator loop. To evaluate the performance of the proposed structure, its implementation and simulation for speech recognition application, i.e., digital hearing aids, were performed in 180nm CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) technology. For a third-order structure with a sampling rate of 64 and an input sine signal of -6dBFS and a sampling frequency of 2.56MHz, the signal to noise and distortion (SNDR) is 81.9dB and the dynamic range (DR) is 88dB. The power consumption of the modulator is 126.9 μW and its bandwidth is 20 KHz. The results of circuit and system level simulations prove its performance.

The present paper briefly describes heavy metals from various aspects, the sources of production and the negative effects of these metals on human health, the standards and regulations of various agencies to comply with the permissible limits and finally, it also explores the methods of purification, separation and removal of these elements.
Regarding treatment methods, a wide range of processes and disadvantages and advantages of each of the old types to the new technologies has been investigated, including chemical precipitation, coagulation-flocculation, flotation, ion exchange, electrochemical treatment, membrane filtration and adsorption.
In this regard, absorption is considered as a simple but efficient approach, and has been specifically addressed and sorbents have been studied including active carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene oxides and biosorbents.
Today, nanoscale materials have shown significant applications in the treatment of aquatic environments, due to their unique features such as high surface area, large active sites and high absorption capacity. In this regard, magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxides are considered as cost-effective, high-efficiency and environmentally friendly adsorbents.

Landfill and incineration are two common methods mostly used for disposal of huge quantities of solid wastes. The bioconversion ability of earthworms in vermicomposting process of organic waste in different types of bedding materials was investigated to produce more valuable products as an economical and effective alternate method for solid waste management. In this work organic waste (obtained from vegetable and fruit market of Tehran at summer 2009), Eisenia fetida species and three different bedding materials were used; (1) garden soils mixed with matured cow dung, (2) leaf litter from Sharif University campus and (3) machine shredded paper from Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Department Office. Vermicomposting produced vermicompost with about 50 percent reduction of total organic carbon content (out to CO2) and 100 to 500 percent (depending on the bedding type) increase of nitrogen (stabilize nitrogen air), potassium and phosphorous (change to available form) after 75 days of worms’ activity. Results have shown that vermicomposting can be applied as a suitable environmental friendly method for organic solid waste management.

Some boundary value problems for the Cauchy-Riemann equation with non-local boundary conditions in several regions of plane have been investigated and solved by authors. In this paper, by making use of fundamental solutions of Cauchy-Riemann equations and by presenting analytic solutions to the above-mentioned boundary value problems, we try to present an analytic expression for the solution of Cauchy-Riemann equation in the first semi-quarter.

Some species of earthworms with other microorganisms have stabilized many types of organic waste in vermicomposting process. This bioconversion occurred in physical and biochemical processes. The physical process includes aeration, mixing and grinding of materials and in biochemical process, microbial activity and enzyme secretion in earthworm gut were the main factors. Vermicompost has a high content of humic substances. This property has caused vermicompost as a biosorbent for heavy metal ions and PAH removal. Nutrient content and plant growth hormones in vermicompost are greater than soil. Vermicompost has used for soil property improvement. Odorless, normal appearance, no undesirable effect on the human health and good physical matrix are other vermicompost advantages. vermicomposting process needs less time than other conventional composting methods. This process can also be used for wastewater sludge biostabilization and converts it to environmental harmless substances.

The economic and financial corruption which is usually the same everywhere has its origin in governmental corruption. One of the most important sources of corruption is rent, and one of the most important sources of rent is privatization. Iran is a rent-based country with all its characteristics. The Supreme Leader has emphasizes on increase in both national wealth and social justice in goals of general policies of article 44, but these policies and legal bill on Article 44 suffer from corruption-prone and the lack of transparency, which are to be studied in this paper.

The labour market Studies in different countries reveal that unemployment, particularly among the youth, women, and university garaduates, is more or less a prevalent problem in different countries, especially in developing countries. Downsizing, technological advanoement and tandency towards capital intensive investments, higher competition among different countries and multinational companies led to extensive labour demand in world scale. In the third and fourth Five Year Plans in Iran it has been emphasized that government should reduce five percent of its staff annually. Some restrictions on government recruitment introduced while higher education system has been Providing training for Salary employment. In other words, the gap between Public sector demand and the market supply has been widening. Experiences of the other countries, such as Germany, Sweden, china, Philipin and Vietnam, in expanding their informal markets, and labour training, and the promotion of self-employement can Provide a fruitful reference framework for Iran. The declinig Presence of the State in demand side for educated labour supply, expansion of the higher education system, increase in women Participation, changes in monetary and fiscal policy and credit rationing in the Postrevolution Iran, all and all, have been carried out while ignoring the labour market Structure. More important, rigidity of the higher-education system for change, Pointed out that there has been no incentive for the labour market to hier new labour force or if it did, it has been so minute that it did not lead to a decisive impact on unemployment rate.

The study of labor market in various countries leads us to the conclusion that unemployment problem, not least for youth, women, and university graduates, is a more or less worldwide issue, particularly in developing countries. Attempting at downsizing government, technological progresses, as well as the capital-intensive investments, and the increase in competition between countries, particularly between great companies and multinational companies, have given rise to decrease in demand for labor. According to the Third and Forth Economic, Social, and Cultural Development Plan of Islamic Republic of Iran, the government is allowed to hire new personnel as much as the exit rate of its personnel. The Plans adds that the government must make a five percent decrease in its personnel throughout the plan years. The experiences of such countries as Germany, Sweden, China, Philippine, and Vietnam in expanding informal markets, informal education, self employment, and entrepreneurship are so useful for Islamic Republic of Iran. Of course, the labor market has systematically obtained such knowledge, and would gradually but expensively change its procedure if there is no state intervention. Today, more than half of ten or eleven years old are self employed. The growth of university graduates, increase in participation rate of women in labor market, shifting in monetary and fiscal policies without paying attention to the structure of labor market since the victory of Islamic Revolution in 1979, and, last but not least, inflexible character of education system in the country, all, have lead to the situation in which demands side of labor market has not enough incentive for hiring new personnel.