فهرست مطالب محمدعلی زمانی

Making long-term investments in the oil and gas industry to maintain the current production levels and increase its capacity is one of the ways to increase economic resilience in the country's upstream documents, including the resistance economy's general policies. In recent years, there have been intense sanctions on the country, especially in the energy field. The importance of proper use of China's allocated credit lines to finance these projects is revealed due to the high need for investment in oil and gas industry projects and the impossibility of covering the investment needs of this industry from domestic sources, and the challenge in effective communication with international monetary and financial institutions. Anyway, the conducted studies indicate serious challenges in using the capacity of these credit lines. For this purpose, this research tries to investigate these challenges from many aspects. After studying the background of the research and reviewing various sources, this article conducted targeted interviews with financing experts. Also, the challenges of using credit lines were extracted and classified into four categories: financial and economic, executive and operational, structural and institutional, and juridical and legal, utilizing the method of thematic analysis and focus group. The extracted challenges were exposed to experts to validate the findings. Finally, the formation of the focus group presented the corrective solutions for the use of credit lines to finance oil and gas industry projects.

The exchange rate is recognized as one of the main variables in the economies of less developed countries,which is a key relative price in the economy and its changes are affected not only trade flows and balance of payments,but also the structure and The level of production,consumption, employment and resource allocation.Over‏the past four decades, the Iranian economy has experienced four currency crises,the last of which was the currency crisis in 2018.Examining the causes and factors of the currency crisis shows that domestic factors such as macroeconomic policies,the economic structure of the country and the degree of independence of the central bank, as well as external factors such as the international economic environment and various sanctions and threats can lead to currency crises.The present study,with the pathology of foreign exchange market management mechanisms,the role of the central‏bank in dealing with foreign exchange crises has‏been discussed.In this research,by using55research sources by interviewing the country's foreign exchange experts and studying books,articles,reports related to the harms to foreign exchange market management mechanisms was extracted,coded and have been classified to5themes and analyzed using the content analysis method.This research shows;problems and damages caused by the structure of the foreign exchange market,lack or weakness of some essential active strategies in foreign exchange market management,lack of some tools or weaknesses in the tools used in the Iranian foreign exchange system and lack of the independence and passivity of foreign exchange policymakers towards dynamic foreign exchange management have led to the inefficiency of foreign exchange market management policies.

Infants born with congenital heart disease (CHD) typically present different clinical manifestations which make this condition hard to diagnose. Considering serious complications arising from misdiagnosis, inventing new methods and/or improving traditional diagnostic approaches has always been a research objective.

In this cross-sectional analysis, which took place in Children's Medical Center in Tehran, 150 infants admitted to an intensive care unit were evaluated based on echocardiographic findings from 2015 to 2017. Echocardiography was done due to abnormalities in physical examination and/or oxygen saturation level.

The sensitivity of clinical study value was 82% and the negative predictive value was 20%. The sensitivity of arterial oxygen saturation immediately after admission to the neonatal intensive care was 92%, the specificity was 34%, positive predictive value was 56% and negative predictive value was 25%.

In terms of high sensitivity, clinical symptom including tachypnea, cyanosis, arrhythmias, respiratory distress, cardiac murmur, or arterial oxygen saturation level in newborns may be useful for screening CHD. Among the clinical manifestations, cyanosis and respiratory distress are more valuable.

The purpose of this research is the Study of the entrepreneurial skills of University Libraries librarians of Jondi Shapour and Shahid Chamran Ahvaz and comparing the two university librarians entrepreneurial skills. This study was conducted to survey, in terms of purpose and the nature of descriptive and analytical applications. The study population included all University Libraries librarians of Jondi Shapour and Shahid Chamran Ahvaz that due to the limitation of the study, a questionnaire was distributed among all members of society. Data gathered by a researcher-made questionnaire. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics were used in different ways. Among the entrepreneurial skills of University Libraries librarians of Jondi Shapour, achievement (3/22) Maximum tolerance for ambiguity (6/18) to have the lowest mean.: Among the University Libraries librarians of Shahid Chamran Ahvaz entrepreneurial skills, creativity (36/20) Maximum tolerance for ambiguity (55/16) to have the lowest mean. Studies indicate that between creativity skills Shahid Chamran University and Jondi Shapour there is a significant difference and there is no significant difference in the other skills. Among the entrepreneurial skills of librarians in terms of demographic characteristics were not significantly different. the entrepreneurial skills of University Libraries librarians of Jondi Shapour and Shahid Chamran except in the skills of independence and ambiguity tolerance, are desirable.

Infantile colic is one of the most common problems within the first 3 months of life, which affects as many as 3% to 28% of newborn children. It causes appreciable distress for parents and pediatricians even though its pathogenesis remains unclear. The goal was to test the hypothesis that oral administration of probiotic (Lactobacillus reuteri) in a prospective randomized study was improved symptoms of infantile colic.
This is a case control clinical trial study. Seventy breastfed colicky infants were assigned randomly to receive either the probiotic L. reuteri (108 live bacteria per day) or dimethicone (20 mg/day) three times/day for 28 days.
Seventy infants contain 34 and 36 in the probiotic L. reuteri and dimethicone groups, respectively. Average ages of L. reuteri and dimethicone groups were 41/35 and 43/5 days, respectively. Daily median crying times in the probiotic L. reuteri and dimethicone groups were reduced from initial value about 206 minutes/day on the seventh day to 65 and 141 minutes/day on the 28th day, respectively. Finally, 88% and 9% patients were improved in the probiotic L. reuteri and dimethicone groups, respectively. Furthermore, no adverse effects were reported.
The probiotic L. reuteri has improved colicky symptoms in breastfed infants within 2 weeks of treatment, which suggests that probiotics may have an important role in improving not only criteria of infantile colic but also severity of gas passing of them.

This research aims to investigate the Application of Cybernetic Model Indices in the Colleges’ Management at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences.
This study is practical and used a survey method. The study population was included employees with university degrees and high school diploma employees with more than 10 years of work experience.The whole societies were almost 200 members, from which 100 members were selected by means of random sampling. A valid and standard questionnaire was used to collect the data related to the seven indices of the cybernetics model; namely, control, tight & loose coupling, interaction, decision making, hierarchy, leadership, and equilibrium. For analysis the data, the descriptive and inferential statistical methods by software SPSS version 22 are used.
Findings: the results showed that dentistry and pharmacy colleges in all Cybernetic Model Indices were found to be higher than the intermediate level. Medicine college in hierarchy and tight & loose coupling; paramedical college in control, hierarchy and leadership; Health college in the hierarchy; nursing college in control and hierarchy were found to be higher than the intermediate level. And in the other components were intermediate level.
there are differences among the Colleges’ Management of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences based on cybernetics model.

Allergy to food substances is considered as one of global health problems particularly in developing countries and its rate, as with other allergic disorders, is growing. The aim of this study was to study frequency of common food allergens in the region.
In this descriptive-analytical study conducted on 230 children 1 to 6 years referring Imam Ali Clinic, Shahrekord in 2014 enrolled by convenience sampling. The children were assigned to two groups of 115 each, those with suspected food allergy and those without food allergy symptoms, and the common food allergens consisting of cow milk, egg, and groundnut were investigated for skin test. T-test and chi-square statistics were used for data analysis.
There was a statistically significant difference between allergic to peanuts, eggs and other allergens (Pepper, banana, fish, kiwi, melons, wheat, peaches, eggplant, squash, tomato and watermelon) in studied groups (P Other allergens were identified with the highest and cow’s milk with the lowest frequency of food allergy in the children. This allergy was higher in food allergy-suspected children compared to the control group.

The present analytical-descriptive study aimed to investigate the status of the academic libraries of the Faculties in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of medical sciences including the different Faculties’ libraries such as school of Nursing of Abadan, Shushtar, Bostan, Behbahan, Ahvaz Nursing and Midwifery , Rehabilitation sciences, Pharmacy, and Dentistry in terms of expert and assistant, space for books and publications, study space, working space for employees, number of publications books. Hence, a standard questionnaire was used to collect information provided for comparison with the standard of Iranian academic libraries. According to research results in terms of human resources including expert and expert assistant, the library of Medicine Faculty showed a staff shortage of 4 human resources more than other libraries. In comparison, the library of Rehabilitation sciences faculty would rather well than other libraries and was desirable. In addition, in terms of number of book volume, there was a deep deficiency in the Library of Medicine faculty with shortage of 216,502 volumes; and in terms of the staff working space, there was also the shortage of 235 meters more by comparison with other libraries. However, the deficiency of the number of journal title was observed at Paramedical School’ library with a shortage of 150 titles more than other libraries; Although it demonstrated lack of storage space for library books and journals in comparison with other libraries with shortage about 38 meters, Medical School’ library with a relative lack of 836 meters was more than other libraries in deficit in terms of reading room space. ,. All the data led to conclude that most surveyed libraries indicated weaknesses and deficiencies; therefore, the harsh conditions should be taken into serious consideration and the remedial decisions, too.

Acute bronchiolitis is one of the most common reasons for inflammation, small airways obstruction, and lower respiratory tract infection in infancy. Owing that there has been no study on the efficacy of hypersaline 3% in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in Iran, the present study was undertaken to deal with this issue.
This double-blinded clinical trial was carried out in Hajar Hospital of Shahrekord in 2013-2014. 70 patients under 2 years of age with bronchiolitis were assigned to two groups of 35 each. The first group received nebulized Ventolin while the second group was given nebulized hypersaline 3% three times a day. Subsequent to these administrations, recovery duration was compared in both groups.
The mean and standard deviation of recovery duration in the Ventolin group was 4.14±0.9 days and in the hypersaline 3% group was 3.06±0.6 days. T-test and mean recovery duration was significantly lower in the hypersaline 3% group (P Nebulizer hypersaline 3% had a better therapeutic effect than Ventolin in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis. Therefore, the use of this drug, rather than Ventolin, is recommended for the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in children under two years of age.

The purpose of present study was to evaluate information literacy of final year undergraduate students at Islamic Azad University of Ramhormoz during 2010 -2011 based on ACRL information literacy standards. It was a descriptive and analytical research; and the population consisted of all final year undergraduate university students who studied at various courses of electronics, psychology, family studies, civil ngineering, Arabic literature, Persian literature, accounting, law and computer; data-gathering tool was researcher-made questionnaire including 36 items of the Leikert scale type. After data collected, data analysis has been done at two descriptive and analytical levels by using spss software. Research findings then indicated that population mean for both awareness of their correct understanding of their information needs and how to determine and express was 42/01; familiarity of student with correct methods to achieve information was 43/34; familiarity of student with evaluation of search process results was 16/43; awareness of how to use information was 20/97; and also familiarity with legal issues, economic and social use of information and follow them was 23/86. In otgher word, the result ofstudy indicated the moderate information literacy of undergraduate students based on ACRL standards indices. In conclution, it presented to improve status of information literacy among students by holding seminars and lectures at universities to raise student's awareness of innovation and technology as well as preparing brochures to use at the library, and holding introductory workshops with online information databases to help students increase their understanding of the sources of information.

The extensive development of written interactions in the current world of technology in one hand، and on the other hand noticeable dominance of English language in this milieu، has led to inadequate utilization of Farsi in such settings، even amongst native speakers. Lack of experimental data regarding legibility and readability of the printed and electronic texts related to this language has been the main theory behind the current research، which was designed to evaluate correlations between typography and reading performance. Eighty four Farsi speaking university students، having no specific visual impairments، took part in the study. Frequently used Farsi fonts، edited in equal pixel areas and sizes، and were evaluated through legibility and readability tests. Word detection and word search techniques were considered for each test respectively. All trails were designed within similar visual interaction conditions to avoid any background biases. Statistical analyses revealed correlations between typography and readying performance in Farsi (compared to English). Amongst the six frequently used fonts studied، legibility was significantly higher in Yekan، t (83) = -2. 649، p=0. 012. Likewise readability was found to be significantly smoother in Zar font، t (83) = - 2. 194، p=0. 037. On the whole، the current approach towards classification of Persian fonts confirms the outcomes of the present study. In other words، fonts frequently used for development of body of the texts usually have higher legibility، and types being utilized for presentation purposes mainly possess higher readability.

One of the important services that libraries or information centers provide their users is the provision of full-text material whenever the required material is not available in the institution’s collection or databases. Difficulties that lie in provision of manual document delivery services, boosted the drive for designing and implementing a document delivery system in Semnan University. This article is presenting about a practical experience which was gained in this university. The article reporting the background efforts made in relation to document delivery in Semnan University, discusses the difficulties and problems occurred in relation to manual provision of document delivery services in this university, before explaining about different modules of the computerized system.