محمدعلی نادی

The present study was conducted to investigating effectiveness of optimal experience educational package based on csikszentmihalyi's theory on interaction and self-confidence of primary school teachers. The research method of the present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group design and two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research included 2831 primary school teachers in Isfahan city in the academic year of 2020-2021. 30 primary school teachers were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 teachers in each group). The teachers in the experimental group received the optimal experience educational package based on csikszentmihalyi's theory during seven weeks in seven sessions of 90 minutes. The applied questionnaires in this study included teacher interaction questionnaire (TIQ) and teacher self-confidence questionnaire (TSCQ). The data from the study were analyzed through variance with repeated measures via SPSS23 statistical software. The results showed that optimal experience educational package based on csikszentmihalyi's theory has effect on the dimensions of interaction (Leadership (F=30.01, Eta= 0.51, P≤0.001), helping behavior (F=20.67, Eta= 0.42, P≤0.001), understanding (F=17.17, Eta= 0.38, P≤0.001), responsibility (F=27.03, Eta= 0.49, P≤0.001), uncertainty (F=30.39, Eta= 0.52, P≤0.001), dissatisfaction (F=25.12, Eta= 0.47, P≤0.001), punishment (F=7.51, Eta= 0.21, P≤0.001) and strictness (F=7.77, Eta= 0.22, P≤0.001)) and self-confidence (F=46.23, Eta= 0.62, P≤0.001) of primary school teachers. According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that optimal experience educational package based on csikszentmihalyi's theory can be used as an efficient method to increase interaction and self-confidence of primary school teachers through employing reconstruction of awareness and activities, mental understanding of challenges, control of mental energy and targeting of activities.

AbstractThis research was conducted with the aim of providing a model to promote the interaction of parents in the direction of children's academic progress with a combination strategy of sequential exploration. the statistical population, there were 109,535 people who were the principals of the three primary, first and second secondary education courses. Cluster sampling 535 managers were selected. Sampling was a targeted qualitative part of scientific-research sources and texts and an open interview with knowledgeable experts. Validation of qualitative data was done using the methods proposed by Borg and Gal (2016) and through the exploration method by the participants, and content validity was also used using experts' opinions to check the quality of the content. Reliability was also measured with the Holstein reliability coefficient. The reliability, validity of the scores obtained from the research were verified using Cronbach's alpha method and confirmatory factor analysis. The analysis method was used in the qualitative part of thematic analysis and in the quantitative part of the structural equation model, second-order factor analysis was used.The results of the structural equations showed that measurement models of the effective factors in the interaction have a good fit. Key words: interaction, parents, teachers, school, mixed approach

One of the important issues in the higher education system is the ineffective behavior of university professors, which has received less attention and no comprehensive objective criteria has been designed to investigate it. The purpose of this study was to compile and validate a questionnaire to investigate the ineffective behaviors of university professors. 

This was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included faculty members of five universities in Tehran (Tehran, Shahid Beheshti, Kharazmi, Allameh Tabatabai and Tarbiat Modares (in the academic year of 2019-2020. The research sample consisted of 123 teaching professors, who were selected by the purpose-based available sampling method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire of university professors' ineffective behaviors with 64 items in three factors; educational (3 components), research (4 components) and communication (5 components). The data were analyzed with the methods of content validity ratio, content validity index and exploratory factor analysis in SPSS and Smart-PLS software. 

The content validity ratio and content validity index for all three educational, research and communication factors and their components were above 0.80. The exploratory factor analysis of ineffective behaviors of university professors showed three factors, educational factor with 3 components, research factor with 4 components and communication factor with 5 components. A factor loading higher than 0.60, and Cronbach's and combined reliability higher than 0.70 were calculated. The calculated R2 for all factors and components was higher than 0.50 and the GOF index equal to 0.43 indicated the appropriate fit of the model. The model of inefficient behaviors was drawn in the modes of factor loading and t-test, based on which the inefficient behaviors of university professors had a significant effect on educational, research and communication factors and their components due to the t-statistic higher than 1.96. 

The questionnaire of the current research is a valid and reliable tool for measuring the ineffective behaviors of university professors. University administrators can use it to measure the level of ineffective behavior of professors under their supervision to design preventive or improvement programs.

This research was carried out with the aim of presenting an efficient school model for education in the form of qualitative research tradition of the foundation's data utilization. The tool used in this research is a semi-structured in-depth interview and research participants include experts active in the field of education (including university professors, teachers, school principals, educational leaders and experts) and a non-probability sampling method. It was an opinion. After conducting an exploratory interview with the experts, the collected data were analyzed using the foundation data method based on the Strauss and Corbin model in three stages of open, central and selective coding. The findings of the research showed that the conceptual model of the formation of an efficient school in terms of causal conditions includes the dimensions of changing the sphere of current education, the school as a community, the development of educational discourses, and the development of heterogeneity. In terms of background conditions, including dimensions of the school's problematic nature and the growth of transformational tendencies, in terms of intervening conditions, including dimensions of critical rethinking in education and fundamentalism of education, in terms of strategies, including 4 strategies for facilitating the flow of education, institutionalizing an open system, Educational meaning creation and environmental rearrangement and finally, in terms of consequences, it has 3 personal, social and organizational consequences.

Soft power affects the thinking and behavior of the society. The cultural mission of universities is to convey an appropriate understanding of this power to students. The current research aims to identify the components and function of soft power in medical sciences universities.

This qualitative study was conducted in 2022, and the grounded theory method was used. A total of 13 faculty members of the medical sciences universities in Iran were selected through purposeful and snowball sampling methods. Moreover, an in-depth semi-structured interview was conducted until the theoretical saturation was reached. The Strauss and Corbin method was used to analyze the qualitative results. After coding, participants and university professors were asked for their opinions to determine the validity of the data.

After compiling the basic concepts and open coding, 14 core codes were identified and categorized into six selective codes. The findings revealed that the causal factors included management based on moral values, foresight, capacity building, and strengthening of international relations. Contextual factors consisted of research infrastructure, collective organization system, growth and improvement. Intervening factors included no understanding of the necessity of change and wavering in beliefs. Finally, strategies comprised of the development of professional ethics, commitment to the society, mission-oriented component, scientific prestige, and scientific relations. Furthermore, consequences included the strengthening of nationalism and the realization of goals.

Based on the obtained findings, community-based education and culture engineering are factors influencing soft power in medical sciences universities. The cultural institutionalization can be achieved by preventing and reducing factors affecting the destruction of success and using committed and knowledge-enhancing strategies.

The present study investigated the effectiveness of of training packages of Yang's reasoning on mood instability and perception of social competence in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up plan with a control group. The statistical population of the research was children aged 8 to 12 years with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who had referred to specialized occupational therapy centers in Isfahan city in the fall of 1400. Among them, 30 children were selected in a purposeful way and randomly placed in two groups of 15 people (experimental and control).The research tools included Shields & Cicchetti's emotion regulation checklist (1998) and Parandin's social competence scale (2015). The experimental group was trained in Yang's reasoning and thinking skills during 8 sessions of 60 minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. The results indicated a significant and stable effect of Yang's reasoning and thinking skills package on mood instability and social competence perception (p<0.001). Therefore, Yang's reasoning and thinking skills package can be used to reduce mood instability and improve the social competence of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The aim of the current research was to compile a model of parents’ participation and to investigate its effect on effective management in the school with a combination strategy of sequential exploratory type. The research environment was the qualitative stage, the library section and all scientific- research articles, internal and external theses, books,international conferences and high- quality documents. It was a purposeful sampling and continued until the researcher reached theoretical saturation. Content validity was used by experts to check the quality of the content. Reliability analysis was done with Holsty’s reliability coefficient. In the qualitative part, Trial Sterling’s theme analysis method was used. The results of the analysis of the findings led to the identification of an overarching theme parent- school interaction, five organizing themes, practical approach interaction, culture- building interaction, organizational arrangements, management interaction and alignment of attitude and performance, and the basic theme. Society statistics in the quantitative section of principals of three academic years, Elementary, first and secondary schools, cluster sampling was done using the Cohen-Manion formula and 535 principals were selected. The researcher’s list of information collection tools was made based on the findings of the qualitative section,including 120 items. In the quantitative part , form and content validity and construct validity were used using confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach’s alpha reliability and composite reliability were used to measure reliability. The model was evaluated using the structural equation model and second- order factor analysis. The results showed that the measurement models have a good fit, with all these factors included in the main model, the said model also had a good fit.

Codependency is a communication pattern characterized by controlling others and intense anxiety about intimacy. Considering the negative consequences and the creation of marital conflicts due to the problems of codependency of couples, it is necessary to take steps to reduce it. This research was conducted to examine the effectiveness of the educational package of the integrative self-analytical approach for couples in the codependency of conflicted couples. In terms of objectives, this study was practical and in terms of method, it was a quasi-experimental of pretest-posttest-follow-up type with a control group. The statistical population included all conflicted couples who were referred to counseling centers in Isfahan. Thirty couples were selected through available sampling method and random selection. They were assigned randomly into two experimental and control groups according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The research instrument was Holyoke’s Correlation questionnaire (Dear & Roberts, 2000). Before the sessions, a pretest was taken from both groups. The experimental group was subjected to 12 150-minute sessions of a package training on integrative self-analytical approach for couples and the control group did not receive any training. At the end of the sessions and two months after them, a posttest and a follow-up were taken from both groups. Data analysis was done through repeated measures analysis of variance using SPSS software (version 24). The results showed that the educational package of the integrative self-analytical approach for couples was effective in reducing the dimensions of couples’ codependency (i.e., external focus, self-sacrifice, and reactivity) and had lasting effects in the follow-up phase (P>0.001). It seems that the integrative self-analysis training package for couples can be effective in reducing their codependency due to having an integrative perspective on couples’ issues.

The aim of this study was to exams the moral identity model based on personality traits, moral reasoning, perceived parental style and personal identity of adolescence.

The research method was a descriptive - correlation design. Statistical population was secondary high school students who were studying in Mashhad in the academic year 2019-20.  Subjects were selected through the random cluster sampling (199 high school students). They completed Benion & Adamz's Self-identity Scale (1986), Neo Personality scale (1985), Rest's Defining Issues Test (1999), Bamerind's Perceived Parenting Style Scale (1973) and Aquino & Reed's moral Identity Scale (2002). Data analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM).

Findings showed that the proposed model of moral identity based on the variables has a good fit. Internal correlation is significant in most research variables, the results have shown that the direct effects of moral reasoning on moral identity, personality traits on identity state and on reasoning moral and moral identity was meaningful. The effect of parenting styles on identity state and moral reasoning and identity state on moral identity was significant. The results also showed that all indirect effects of the model are also significant. Moral reasoning was the mediator of the effect of each personality variable on moral identity and the effect of parenting styles on moral identity. In addition, the results indicate an indirect and significant effect of personality traits and parenting styles on moral identity through the mediation of personal identity and personality traits and parenting style on moral identity through the mediation of identity bases

According to the findings, apart from the role of each proposed variable in moral identity, personality traits and parenting styles have a mediating role in the development of moral identity by influencing personal identity and moral reasoning.

Considering the important role of the educational system in the society and the diversity of its services and activities, it is necessary that huge human resources are available to this system, but usually these resources are not selected competently or effectively and efficiently. are not exploited; therefore in this research, the process of establishing the succession planning system of management in universities was carried out using a qualitative method based on the grounded theory. For this purpose, 23 chancellors and vice-chancellors of departments in Azad Universities were interviewed and the data was extracted from the text of the interviews. The results of data analysis in the three stages of open, axial, and selective coding showed 14 general categories that were based on a paradigmatic model including causative conditions (foresight in academic decisions and proper management of resources); focal category (meritocracy); establishment strategies (nurturing competent ones, management Style, Creating a collaborative environment and Creating favorable structural and executive fields); background factors (culture and Value and psychological Factors); intervening conditions (management of the academic system, supporting and organizational culture) and the expected outcomes (organizational promotion) reflects the process of establishing a succession planning system of management in universities and the relationship between their different dimensions. To check the validity and reliability of the findings, the method of review by members, collaborative and collaborative review was used. As a result, this research provides a framework for policymakers and decision makers that they can use to establish the management succession system in universities.

AbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a paradigmatic model of organizational duality in Iran's government education system using a qualitative method. The participants of the research were specialists and experts of the educational system and educational management in the country. Based on the method of targeted sampling and theoretical sampling (in order to achieve theoretical saturation) and with the semi-structured interview technique, interviews were conducted with 17 experts in the field of education and educational management in the country. The findings of the research indicated that the development of the competitive environment and the development of the concept of growth are considered as causal factors that affect the organizational dualism in the government education system of Iran and in other words justify the necessity of duality.The existence of leaders as change strategists, lack of motivation in the field of innovation, lack of independent access to resources and inflexible structure were identified as contextual factors. Also, factors such as globalization and organizational vision have an impact on the strategies of realizing the two pillars, which include increasing individual and organizational bandwidth, developing organizational forgetfulness, and developing marketing and audience attraction. In case of organizational ambivalence in the educational system, we can see consequences such as organizational survival, improvement of satisfaction level and sustainable development..

The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of combined package of time perspective and mindfulness on the academic resilience and academic engagement of students with learned helplessness. The present study was semi experimental (with experimental and control groups) with three-stage (pretest, posttest, follow-up) and two-month follow-up period design. The statistical population of the present study included students suffering from learned helplessness in the second year of high school in Isfahan city in the academic year of 2020-21. 34 student with the learned helplessness were selected through purposive sampling method and randomly accommodated into experimental (18 students) and control groups (16 students). The experimental group received 12 ninty-five-minute sessions of combined package of time perspective and mindfulness during twelve weeks. The applied questionnaires included Learned Helplessness Questionnaire (Quinless, Nelson, 1988) (LHS), Academic Engagement Questionnaire (Fredericks, Blumenfeld, Paris, 2004) (AEQ), Academic Resilience Questionnaire (Samuels, 2004) (ARQ). The data from the study were analyzed through mixed ANOVA method via SPSS23 software. The results showed that package of time perspective and mindfulness has significant effect on the academic resilience (F=44.13; Eta=0.58; P<0001) academic engagement (F=43; Eta=0.57; P<0001) of the students with learned helplessness. According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that package of time perspective and mindfulness can be used as an efficient method to improve academic resilience and academic engagement of students with learned helplessness through applying the theoretical and therapeutic concepts related to time perspective and mindfulness.

 The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of Young's thinking and reasoning skills training on selective attention, impulsivity, and symptoms of hyperactivity disorder in children aged 8 to 12 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Isfahan city.

The research method was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a 3-month follow-up. For this purpose, 30 people among all children aged 8 to 12 years with symptoms of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, who visited specialized occupational therapy clinics in Isfahan between October and December 1400 and met the criteria for inclusion in the study, were available in the form of sampling. Were selected and randomly replaced to the experimental group (training of thinking and reasoning skills of Yang) (15 people in each group). All participants completed the Hyperactivity Symptoms Questionnaire, Barrett's Impulsivity Scale, and Stroop (Color-Word) Test in three stages. The experimental group was trained in Yang's thinking and reasoning skills.

The findings of the research were analyzed with SPSS23 software and with the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements. The results indicated a significant difference (P < 0.01) between the two groups in the post-test and follow-up stages, which can indicate the effectiveness of the intervention on selective attention problems, impulsivity, and symptoms of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, as well as the stability of the effectiveness in the follow-up stage. The level of difference between groups in attention deficit, impulsivity, and hyperactivity symptoms was equal to 72%, 83%, and 82%, respectively.

Young thinking and reasoning skills training effectively improves selective attention problems, impulsivity, and symptoms of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, this type of training can be used to reduce the problems of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The aim of this study is to present a Job Embeddedness Model of High School teachers in Isfahan.

This research was thematic analysis based on Stirling's method. By carefully studying domestic and foreign reliable sources and taking notes on key and related points, examples of job entanglement were extracted with the help of Maxqda10 software.

Firstly, 572 basic themes were extracted and then merged and categorized in 134 basic themes, 11 organizer themes and 4 inclusive themes. Inclusive themes include values alignment, sociability, justice alignment and professionalism. Organizer themes include paying attention to personal values, paying attention to organization values, organizational participation, Interoperability of the individual-community, Fair allocation of organizational resources, Respect for individual rights, Respect for organizational rights, Respect for Social rights, Professionalism based on individual characteristics, Professionalism based on organizational characteristics and Professionalism based on social components.

This study presented a complete and comprehensive JE model of high school teachers. This model should be available for headmasters and using it for improvement of JE of teachers.

The purpose of the research is to develop a model of intelligence and strategic thinking for the management of human resources in Iranian sports.

The characteristics of the current research in terms of methodology include the orientation of the research to the fundamental method; Qualitative research method; philosophy of research, interpretation; The research strategy is based on data theory method and the research approach is based on inductive method and finally the goal of exploratory research. The methods of snowball sampling and theoretical saturation index were used for sampling from the research community who were professors and experts in sports management. Interviews with experts and experts were considered as the starting point of the data collection process of this research. The people to be interviewed included 15 people who were selected in a theoretical manner. By selective coding by integrating the categories discovered from all the interviewees, he identified the main and sub-categories.

The results show that 179 initial conceptual propositions were obtained in these codings. According to the results of research among different organizational factors, organizational culture can play a vital role in limiting or persuading; Leaders who play important roles in relation to culture and strategic thinking process. Finally, after analyzing all the categories related to thinking and intelligence, we reached the model. Mobin shows the relationships between the main components and components resulting from the central coding about the thinking and intelligence of human resource management in Iranian sports. The categories extracted from the components formed the paradigm model. The conceptual model in this research shows the intelligence and strategic thinking model of human resource management in Iranian sports, which is based on the findings of this research.

Strategic planning alone cannot help managers in advancing their goals. Since strategic planning is based on past information, it will not be effective in the long term and due to the rapid changes in the external environment. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the strategy to guess the future of the business and plan for it. Senior management is not omnipotent in formulating a strategy and other factors are also effective. Formulation of strategy requires full understanding of business elements. Modern strategy leaves us in a dilemma. Strategy responds to needs and frees us from crisis. However, the role of management becomes particularly important when the environment is complex, unstable and ambiguous. May it be this manager who, with his tact, will lead the organization through the mysterious and foggy atmosphere of the crisis and bring it to its destination. The learning organization helps us in planning to promote people's innovation and their ability to deal with unpredictable situations, to promote innovators, people and their ability to deal with unpredictable situations, and educational planning to achieve the above goals. It will not be very difficult, but it needs to be careful. Learning should be a part of the daily schedule of the employees. Suggested that organizations pay more attention to employees through increasing motivation and raising the level of awareness and knowledge of employees in order to increase the information of employees in the field of intelligence and strategic thinking. Also, to differentiate their organizational position from competitors and create superiority over them.

Education is an expression of the cultural and religious identity of the society, which has an undeniable necessity to promote its governance as the most important institution for training human resources, generator of social capital and responsible for the implementation of approved policies. Considering the importance of the subject, the purpose of this qualitative research was to identify the governance components in education with an Islamic approach, and to collect data and identify themes, we used thematic analysis based on Atride-Sterling method with an inductive and exploratory approach. . The research environment includes the text of Nahj al-Balagha, twenty articles and two books. After careful study, first the desired texts were coded and thus, by using different translations of Nahj al-Balagha, 650 primary themes were identified and selected based on keywords related to governance. After summarizing, the primary themes were divided into 154 basic themes and eight organizing themes (necessity and how to form, prerequisites, goals and responsibilities, drivers, obstacles, populism, facilitators and spirituality in different levels of governance) for the governance theme of education with the Islamic approach was divided and the network of its themes was drawn. The credibility of the research was based on the approach of Lincoln and Guba (1985), based on the four criteria of believability, transferability, reliability and verifiability, and experts in the seminary and university in the field of governance and education confirmed it.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cyber bullying reduction training packages (especially for students and parents) on self-esteem and life satisfaction in high school students. The method was quasi-experimental (pre-test-post-test) with control group and follow-up stage. The statistical population was all high school students (second year) cyber bullying (perpetrators) in Gachsaran city in the academic year 2009-2010. In the sampling method of the present study, first the cyber bullying questionnaire was given to high school male and female students. Then, after analyzing the results, cyber bullying students (perpetrators) were identified, 15 people were assigned as the experimental group and 15 people as the control group. Both groups completed the Cooper-Smith (1968) and Life Satisfaction (Hubner, 2001) self-esteem questionnaires as a pre-test and then as a post-test after the implementation of training packages. After the external (executive) validation, the training packages were implemented in the form of a preliminary study on a group of 4 people for cyber bullying perpetrators for 10 sessions and the parents of cyber bullying perpetrators for 4 sessions and the defects and ambiguities were reviewed and removed. Then the main performance was performed and research data were analyzed at both descriptive and inferential levels. Analysis of covariance was used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that the difference between pre-test and post-test in the scores of all research variables was significant (p <0.001). Therefore, cyber bullying reduction training packages can be used to improve research dependent variables.

Since the schools are not efficient in the usual way and the students are not able to attract the labor market after graduation, the aim of the current research was to present a paradigmatic model of tacit knowledge sharing with the aim of starting entrepreneurship education in schools.research

Qualitative research method based on the data theory of Strauss and Corbin Foundation and the research environment were formed by all principals of elementary schools in Isfahan city in the academic year (2021-2022). The theoretical sampling method was used until saturation, and therefore, 27 elementary school principals of Isfahan city with more than 25 years of experience were selected as participants in the research. The method of data analysis was done by open, central and selective coding method. In this way, the open coding stage resulted in the number of 87 initial concepts, which were reduced by removing and adjusting identical codes, in the second stage, the number of 18 concepts was reduced, and after refining, the number of concepts remained 69.

The components of the obtained model include: causal conditions with three main categories (organizational will, organizational motivation and implementation of knowledge management in the organization), background conditions with two main categories (individual and organizational conditions) Intervening conditions with three main categories (individual, social and organizational limitations), consequences with two main categories (management efficiency and effectiveness); and strategies with three main categories (improving insight, ability, and attitude). The sum of the mentioned factors can improve the sharing of tacit knowledge with the aim of entrepreneurship education.

In order to set up entrepreneurship education in schools, it is necessary to provide the necessary motivation in school managers to share tacit knowledge and strengthen their will in this regard.

Hard power is a quantitative power with coercion and force. Economic and military powers of countries are the important components of hard power. This study endeavored to present a model of hard power in Iran's medical higher education.

This qualitative study was conducted in the year 2022 through the grounded theory method. An in-depth and semi-structured interview were conducted with 13 faculty members of Medical Sciences Universities of Iran who were selected through the purposeful and snowball sampling methods. We reached theoretical saturation with this number of researchers. Strauss and Corbin methods were used to analyze the qualitative findings.

After open coding and compilation of initial concepts, 18 core codes were identified, which were placed in six selective codes. The results of this study indicated that the causal factors including the promotion of health economics, responsive education, fundamental research, managerial transformation, transformative education and health crisis management; contextual factors include situational management and scientific innovation; intervening factors including organizational monopolization and the void of standards; strategies include executive guarantee, constructive role-playing, community-oriented university and guiding strategy; and the consequences include the acceleration of health, workforce health, and economic stability.

Optimizing the provision of health services leads to economic stability and acceleration of health. Lack of access to health services can have a negative effect on economic growth. Knowledge, especially in the field of health, is one of the major factors of national power which plays a fundamental role in strengthening other aspects of power and improving the quality of health services.

The aim of this study was to design and validate a life skills curriculum model with a game-based approach in elementary school. The research method was documentary analysis of previous texts. Findings showed that at the level of objectives, the desired model of life skills training, promotion of physical health and mental health, promotion of interpersonal skills, promotion of moral skills, environmental skills, life skills in the age of information and communication technology, development of economic skills and Managing their income and expenditure is the development of intellectual skills and political thinking. The experiences of the countries also showed communication games, experiments and experiences, family games, field trips, court-style games, group theater, problem-solving game training, brainstorming, lecturing, role-playing, Group games and mood-boosting games are some of the best ways to teach life skills. It can be concluded that the selection of game-based content and its organization should be done according to certain principles and criteria.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of motivational-attachment educational package on school, on aggression and academic performance of 10th grade female students in Isfahan.

This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test design, post-test with control group and 3-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study consisted of 10th grade female students in Isfahan in the academic year 2019-2020. To select a sample by available sampling method, 36 people who agreed to participate in the study were randomly divided into two groups (18 people) experimental and control. The instruments used included Ahvaz Zahedifar, Najarian and Shekarkan Aggression Questionnaire (2000) and Pham and Taylor Academic Performance Questionnaire (1999). Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25 and analysis of covariance. The significance level of the tests in this study was considered equal to 0.05.

In the variables of aggression and academic performance, the effect of the group was 0.651, (F = 63.52) and 0.732, (F = 92.84) due to group changes, the main effect of time was 0.730 (91 = 86.86). F) and 0.931, (F = 146.28) due to research stages and the interaction of group and time 0.812, (F = 146.55) and 0.951, (F = 661.81) were significant at the level of p<0.05.

Reducing aggression in students is possible by teaching motivational-attachment package to school, and consequently, students' academic performance can be improved.

One of the appropriate approaches for designing an organizational coaching style model is a humanistic approach. Therefore, the purpose of this study was presenting the organizational coaching style model with the humanistic approach for Islamic Azad University managers.

This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The research population in the qualitative section was the Persian sources from 2006 to 2019 and Latin sources from 1999 to 2019, which from 34 articles, 9 books and 2 dissertations were selected by purposive sampling method. The research population in the quantitative section was middle managers of Islamic Azad universities of Iran in 2020 years, which from them 100 people were selected by random staging sampling. The qualitative section tool was take noting and the quantitative section tool was research-made questionnaire. To analyze data were used from methods of manual coding methods by the researcher and  for exploratory factor analysis from SPSS-23 software.

The findings of the qualitative section showed that the organizational coaching style with the humanistic approach had 16 indicators in three dimensions; so the dimensions were included an emphasis on human relations, ethics-orientation and human resource development. The findings of the quantitative section showed that the factor load of all three dimensions was higher than 0.90 and the factor load of each indicators was higher than 0.40. Also, convergent validity based on the extracted average variance index was confirmed and the reliability was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method for each of the dimensions higher than 0.80 and for the whole 0.941. In addition, regarded to the factor load of dimensions and indicators the organizational coaching style model with the humanistic approach was drawn.

According to the results of this research, planning is necessary to improve the organizational coaching style with the humanistic approach for use of its effective dimensions and indicators.

One of the organizational concerns in the field of organizational resources is leaving the service of key municipal employees due to their knowledge and experience. The current research was carried out with the aim of determining the structural model of the effect of the antecedents of organizational attitude on the intention to leave the service of employees. The data collection tool was a questionnaire with subscales of job satisfaction, job isolation, job burnout, job satisfaction, self-efficacy, and intention to leave. The data obtained from the implementation of the research was analyzed through Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling after checking the assumptions of normality of the data and the linearity of the relationship between the variables through the statistical software package in social sciences (SPSS) version 24 and Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS) version 23. The statistical population was the employees of Isfahan municipality, from which 376 people were selected in an accessible manner and responded to the scales of job satisfaction, job isolation, job burnout, intention to leave, and self-efficacy. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between job isolation and self-efficacy, job satisfaction and burnout, as well as the relationship between self-efficacy and job satisfaction and job burnout, and the relationship between job satisfaction and burnout and the intention to leave, and the relationship between job burnout and the intention to leave at the confidence level( p < 0.01); however, the relationship between job isolation and self-efficacy was not directly confirmed with the intention to leave the service. The mediating role of self-efficacy, burnout, and job satisfaction variables in the relationship between job isolation and intention to leave service and the relationship between self-efficacy and intention to leave service was confirmed (p<0.01). The results of structural equation modeling showed that job isolation with the intention to leave the service is mediated by job self-efficacy. Finally, self-efficacy and job satisfaction have a negative effect on leaving the service (p<0.01). The relative chi-square index equal to 3.14, the Tucker-Lewis comparative index equal to 0.907, and the square root of the mean square equal to 0.066 showed that the research model has a good fit.

The present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of schema therapy on Academic adjustment and Academic procrastination of the students.

The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up stage design. The statistical population of the present study included the students at the state universities in Tehran in academic year 2017-18. 30 students were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly replaced into experimental and control groups (each group of 15). The experimental group received schema therapy intervention during 8 sessions of 90 minutes during two months. academic adjustment questionnaire (Baker, Siryk, 1984), and academic procrastination questionnaire (Solomon, Rothblom, 1984) were used. The data from the study were analyzed through analysis of variance with repeated measures.

The results showed that schema therapy has significantly influenced Academic adjustment and Academic procrastination of the students (p<0.001).

According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that through employing techniques such as training coping styles, making communication between present problems and schemata, prioritization and specifying most problematic academic behaviors and offering appropriate behavioral methods, schema therapy can be applied as an efficient method to improve academic adjustment and decrase academic procrastination of the students.

The present research aims at analyzing the structural relationship between perception of knowledge-oriented leadership and innovative operation with the intermediate role of knowledge-management operations using correlation. The research statistical population includes 810 primary school teachers of Isfahan City. Two hundred and sixty-one of them were selected using Cohen, Manion & Morrison (2000) sample size table. Then they were selected based on share-based, stratified random sampling method. Donate & Jesus. (2015) knowledge-oriented leadership questionnaire with 6 items, Zahra & Das. (1993) innovative operational questionnaire with five items, Davenport, DeLong & Beers. (1998) knowledge management treasury questionnaire with 13 items, Alavi &Lidner. (2001) knowledge management transference questionnaire with 8 items, Alavi & Tiwana. (2003) knowledge management application questionnaire with 5 items, Zahra et al. (1999) knowledge management creation questionnaire with 4 items were used to collect the data. Findings of the research have shown that there is a significant relationship between knowledge management creation variables, knowledge management transference, and the application of knowledge management with the employees` innovative operation. Also, there is a significant relationship between knowledge-oriented leadership and knowledge management activities (P> 0.05). The structural relationships between knowledge-oriented leadership and innovative operation with intermediary role of knowledge management functions are From a favorable fit according to the degree of freedom indexes, Chi-Square was fitted to fit.