محمدهادی الماسی

In recent decades, the popularity of establishing and utilizing bicycles has spread across numerous cities worldwide, yet its adoption remains limited in Iranian urban centers. The aim of this study is to investigate the public acceptability of bicycle usage in the small town of Aq Qala. The research adopts a quantitative approach combined with deductive reasoning and employs a survey methodology. Data collection utilized a researcher-developed questionnaire, targeting a sample size of 400 individuals. The findings reveal a low level of public acceptance towards bicycle usage, highlighting significant deficiencies in the social dimensions of bicycle utilization within Aq Qala. Moreover, the study observes a lack of significant correlation coefficients among variables such as "attitudes," "Injunctive norms," and even "perceived usefulness" with behavioral variables. This context suggests a prevalent disbelief in bicycles as a viable mode of transportation, with a stronger inclination towards associating bicycles with recreational activities. Additionally, results from the multiple linear regression test underscore the significance of the overall model, highlighting a relationship among socio-psychological variables within the research framework. Notably, the three influencing variables identified are awareness (+0.292), descriptive norms (+0.243), and individual affectivity (-0.312), contributing to a 23% change in the transformability of the dependent variable, as indicated by the adjusted coefficient of determination. Conclusively, the study's statistical findings have been meticulously reviewed and interpreted, shedding light on the complex dynamics surrounding public acceptability of bicycle usage in Aq Qala.

The status of the transportation network and the response time of relief organizations are important, which should be considered the level of service of vehicles from the centers to different places in urban areas due to the traffic networks and the restrictions they have on these places. Note the contract. The purpose of this study is to provide a post-disaster vulnerability analysis for designed transportation networks in Gorgan, which is one of the most important earthquake-prone cities. This research is considered by considering the analysis of the road network after the crisis in Gorgan according to various influencing factors and access criteria for network analysis, after determining the effective criteria according to the opinions of experts using a questionnaire collected from 20 experts and After examining the reliability of the questionnaire by Cronbach's alpha method, factor analysis was performed to determine the important effective factors in providing services to people after the crisis. - Paying attention to the channels, observing the distance and privacy from rivers and streams, 3- Access to the communication network with the function of 2nd degree arterial roads, etc., were prioritized, in which the special effect of access and transportation networks. The result was. Furthermore, considering that the research method is spatial and network analysis in GIS environment, all effective factors (such as access to the network of high-penetration roads, level of service of roads in post-crisis conditions, travel time, route performance, distance related to Network criteria in Gorgan were analyzed in GIS environment. Finally, according to the knowledge of different layers in the network in the current situation and also access to vehicle-centered relief points, the situation of the road network was analyzed after the modern crisis. In the final part of the research analysis, in order to control the proper access of different relief areas of Gorgan to 11 relief bases using network analysis tools and its criteria such as travel time, road performance, distance, etc., the functional radius of these bases is analyzed. The output of the network analysis showed that all 11 stations are in good condition, with the difference that in some parts, due to the lack of service level in the city road network, it is necessary to locate several fire stations and the Red Crescent.

Bicycle is one of the most important Types of non-motorized travel and one of the most important components of the clean urban transportation system. The paradigm shifts on and clean modes of travel have affected approaches to transportation and traffic engineering and also concepts of modern theories of this urbanism which is needs to scientific study. Furthermore, Despite the high position of the bicycle in the transportation aspects of cities, until now urban studies in the field of bicycles have been more practical, and theoretical approaches and theoretical insights have not been studied on the bicycle in a centralized and coherent way among the theories of urban development and urbanism.

The aim of this research is to read theoretically and qualitatively the position and dimensions of the bicycle in modern theories of urban planning as a form of range on new concepts and approaches, movements, intellectual movements; With the help of two angles, the general knowledge of the theories and the specific knowledge of the theories from the perspective of the position and place of the bicycle in the theories.

The research approach of this study is qualitatively, based on documentary research and library studies and for Theoretical recognition of the position and dimensions of the bicycle in new theories of urbanism; it has used fourteen theories as a form of concepts, approach, movements, or intellectual movement in two formats of general reading and special readings.

The findings of the research indicate the perceptible cognitive capacities in the direction of positioning the bicycle directly or indirectly under the desired patterns of bicycle deployment in each of these fourteen theories. Furthermore, there are complementary polygonal tools supporting bicycle deployment and different dominant scientific views have been applied in each one.

Positioning the bicycle among a wide range of concepts, charters and modern intellectual movements of urbanism is possible and, in this way, some of the noticeable theoretical gaps in this field have been filled.