فهرست مطالب محمود ایزدپناه

One of the three constituent elements of all classical metaphysics is the theory of Soul. Along with the soul, Kant also introduced the world and God as other pillars of transcendental metaphysics, and explained their relation to each other as the outlines of the "science of philosophy" in the third critique. In order to achieve this, he believes that each of these three pillars needs to be analyzed in the context of critical philosophy so that the historical knots of traditional metaphysics can be opened and philosophy can move forward and progress like basic sciences such as mathematics and physics. In the transcendental dialectic of the Critique of Pure Reason, he examines the claims of the metaphysical's counterfeiters in four well-known fallacies, and shows why they are barren. In addition to describing the approach of traditional metaphysicians during this two Kant's serious discussions of the soul- one as a condition of cognition and the other as part of traditional metaphysics and its implicit fallacies- this paper seeks to show how the soul as one of the pillars of the Science of Philosophy and the "complete philosophical system" is formulated in Kant's critical philosophy, and for this formulation how to reject Cartesian psychology.

Nietzsche believed that metaphysicians considered their beliefs to be true and gave their ideas an objective truth. Nietzsche claims that all human values and beliefs, including belief in God, arose from the perspective of the desire for power and in order to preserve and preserve human life and usefulness; Without being able to give an objective existence to these ideas. This is exactly where Nietzsche finds the Western metaphysics vulnerable, because the followers of this knowledge considered the personal truth according to their own interpretation, thus removing the role of preserving life from the attributes of God and turning it against themselves. . Nietzsche, on the other hand, analyzed the pragmatist basis of the idea of God and reconstructed it in the next step. This article tries to show the philosopher's plan for God by analyzing the history of metaphysics in Nietzsche's thought and its relation to the classical idea of God, as well as trying to design another human being in the world to come.