مرتضی مقصودی نژاد

Prediction is one of the most important and influential elements in the process of formation of epic and national stories, which is widely reflected in the national epic poems of Iran, including the Shahnameh and subsequent poetic epics. In the present article, the element of prophecy in heroic systems after Shahnameh has been researched by the method of libraries based on content description and analysis and presentation of statistics. Based on the research, about one hundred and fifty-five predictions in these systems have been researched. Has been used. The element of prophecy in famous epic poems; Such as Bahmannameh, Shahriarnameh, Samnameh, Kooshenameh, Faramarznameh, Garshasbnameh  and Jahangirnameh, respectively, are more prominent and in the systems, Banogshsabnameh, Barzoonameh, Shebrangnameh, Kok Kuhzad and Bijannameh, they are very few and finger In short epic poems; Prophecies are not used, such as, Babarbian, Tahminehnameh, Dastan Patiareh, Razmnameh Shakavand Kooh and Susannameh.  The predictions were made by people who in their time had a privileged social status and superior position, and most predictions were made by astronomers, respectively, based on astronomical rulings, kings and princes, heroes and priests, Brahmins. Ordinary people play a significant role. They do not have predictions. Some predictions with tools such as astrolabe, astrological cup, cosmic cup, mirror of wisdom, and some are written on various tablets that were predicted by the predecessors for the future and have almost common features. Many predictions are based on dreams or divination, supernatural and auxiliary factors, like Soroush and Simorgh, and the vast majority of predictions have been fulfilled. Usually, prediction has a social function; advancing for reform in the political and social system, foresight, awareness of omissions, and ominous warnings, like death, destruction and defeat. It is one of the most important goals and functions of prophecy in the mentioned heroic systems.

 Considering the necessity of research in epic poems after Shahnameh and with the aim of knowing more about their various aspects, in this article the used method is library research based on description and content analysis the "element of prophecy" in the poem "Shahriarnameh" of Mokhtari's epopee. There are about twenty-seven different predictions in the Shahriarnameh system. The most important of these prophecies is the prophecy about the grudge and revenge of Bahman, Esfandiar's son from the Zal family, which has been mentioned eight times by different people in different sections. The predictions of Shahriarnameh are often based on dreams, astronomical rulings and with the help of Soroush or with miraculous tools and objects such as the Cup of Wisdom, the Mirror of Wisdom and the Golden Tablet, by wise men and ministers, especially Jamasp, astrologers, priests . The subject of dreaming and dreaming of characters, especially the protagonist, is one of the main axes in epic poems and is also reflected in Shahriarnameh. Some of the dreams of Shahriarnameh have a prophetic aspect and others are based on commands, prohibitions and advices. Dreams that have a predictive aspect in many cases untie the knot of events and hardships and free the heroes and heroines of the story from the clutches of troubles .