فهرست مطالب مرتضی کشاورز

In this research, by examining the views of Avicenna and Mulla Sadra, the role of action in the completion of theoretical reason, in two major schools of Islamic philosophy, namely Hikmat al-Masha and al-Taaliyyah, has been considered. The importance of this issue is due to the explanation of the relationship between science and practice in the opinions of these two schools and the evolution of this discussion from the Peripatetic school to the transcendental wisdom. This is important among the metaphysical and moral issues related to the gap between opinion and action. The purpose of the research is to examine the relationship between practical reason - such as ethics and Sharia - and human worldly happiness and its alignment with the perfection of theoretical reason. The results of the research show that according to Ibn Sina, the perfection of the human intellect from the beastly to the useful is through the active intellect, but after the human intellect is actualized, it needs actions in order to connect to a higher intensity and level, through which it is freed from material and physical affairs. And it can be understood and united with general forms, which is the completion of theoretical reason. This theory in Mulla Sadra's opinion, since it considers the soul as the physicality of occurrence, it is also valid in the levels of potential intellect to the actual, that is, there is a two-way relationship between opinion and action in the levels of the soul in the physical, exemplary and rational world. The explanation of Avicenna's and Mulla Sadra's opinions in the field of Islamic philosophy shows the evolution and approach of this theory more clearly, which is analyzed in this research based on the method of dialogue between their opinions.

Birds are the major part of Iran's vertebrates and they are scattered in a wide area of the country and are known as one of the important are known as one of the most important biological indicators for diagnose the environmental state and ecosystems wellness. Therefore, identifying the bird’s fauna is the first and vital step in this regard. The present study was carried out with the aim of identifying the avifauna of Haft Hoz national tourist zone in Mashhad city during 2 years from March 2020 to March 2022. Haft Hoz is a mountainous region that includes seven natural ponds is located over seven kilometers in the southeast of Mashhad city. To identify birds based on their flight, color, size, behavior and sound, a survey method was used using binoculars, photographic cameras and birdwatching telescopes. According to the results, 147 bird species from 18 orders were identified in the study area (27% of the species and 69% of the orders identified in Iran). The highest diversity and abundance of species belongs to the Passeriformes order with 76 species (51.7% of all observed species), and the least variety and abundance of species belongs to the order of Cuculiformes, Apodiformes, Caprimulgiformes, Piciformes and Ptercolidiformes with one genus and one species identified in the region. Also, among the identified species, 28 species are supported and protected, 5 species with conservation value are in the IUCN Red List and 20 species are also in CITES Appendix One and Two. . The results of this research indicates that Haft Hoz national tourism zone has a rich bird’s fauna and it will have a high potential in terms of tourism, especially bird watching, so it is essential to pay more attention to this area.

One of Sohrawardi's innovations in ethics is that while discussing the wisdom of taste and intuition, he takes steps towards the perfection of the soul and the happiness of man, a matter that was also pursued by Mulla Sadra in relation to the perfection levels in theoretical and practical reason. This article is done with the aim of investigating the ethical views of Suhravardi and Mulla Sadra, in line with the effect of practical reason in the completion of theoretical reason.

The results of the research show that, contrary to the similarities of the views of these two thinkers in accepting the influence of practical reason in the completion of theoretical reason, Sohrvardi develops this theory in line with his theory about intuition, intuitive science and taste wisdom. While Mulla Sadra's theory uses it in line with his theory about the perfection of the soul through essential movement; Therefore, in Mulla Sadra's theory, this issue is to prove the effect of action in the emergence of its physical form in the world of resurrection. The research method is a qualitative method based on content analysis. In this case, logical analysis is considered to answer the main research questions.

In this research the role of carbon nanotubes as carrier of pimagedine drug have been investigated. These drugs have been used in cure of diabetes. For this purpose nanotubes (8, 0) with different length have been used. To perform of quantum calculation we used Gaussian software and DFT/B3LYP method and 3-21G basis set. In this research first of all pimagedine drug from head and other time by azo methane elide agent has been connected to each nano structures. Calculation have been done in 2 phases, liquid and gas, and parameters like electron energy, adsorption energy, HOMO,LUMO and dipole moment have been calculated and results showed that the best nitrogen in drug is N1. Because the dipole moment of N1 in connection time is larger than other nitrogen. Furthermore the dipole moment of drug and nano tube complex with the length of 10 A° aqua phase have the largest value moment between drug and other complexes and it value is 14.99 Debye that it’s larger dipole moment in aqua solution show the ability of better solubility and investigation of adsorption energy also show that the best adsorption energy was in the case of nanotube with the length of 8 A° and with higher length the adsorption energy have been reduced. Investigation of dipole moment also show that the highest solubility is drug  with agent and nanotube complex and the best support for this calculation is Nanocone support with 180 degree and 8 length.

In this article, the opinions of peripatetics, such as Al-Kindi, Farabi, and Ibn Sina, are examined under the role of practice in the completion of theoretical reason.the method of this article is logical analysis. The importance of the research is due to the explanation between practice and science, which somehow clarifies the connection between metaphysics and ethics and the gap between opinion and practice in the philosophy of these thinkers. The necessity of explaining the issue in the opinions of these thinkers is to show the type of evolution and peripatetic approach, while discussing the effect of science and practice in the direction of happiness. The results of the research show that Kindi has dealt with this theory based on connecting the soul to reasonable forms in the dream. While discussing happiness and the actualization of the potential human intellect, Farabi puts forward his theory that by receiving the general forms or what God has sent to humans through revelation, he achieves his happiness, i.e. the perfection of the faculty of rationality and theoretical intellect. Ibn Sina considers the relationship between science and practice to be bilateral. According to him, the perfection of the human intellect is from the potential to the useful intellect, through the active intellect, but after the human intellect is actualized, it needs actions in order to connect at a higher intensity and higher level. it is free from material and physical affairs and has the ability to receive and unite with general forms.

 The aim of this study was to predict the self-efficacy and self-esteem of high school girls in Abadeh Tashk based on parents' positive thinking.

 The statistical population in this study included all high school girls in Abadeh Tashk in 2020. also 132 female students were selected as a sample using cluster sampling method, then the sample completed positive thinking, self-esteem and self-efficacy questionnaires. In the analysis process, the data obtained from Pearson correlation test to analyze the relationship between variables and multivariate regression test simultaneously to predict the criterion variable by predictor variables were analyzed using SPSS software version 24.

 The results showed that the positive thinking variable in terms of components (others 'self-assessment and positive future expectations, each positive for each unit increase in standard deviation) were able to make changes (variance) predictive of students' self-esteem variable. Be a girl. Positive thinking variable in terms of components (others 'self-esteem and self-confidence, each positive for each increase in standard deviation) were able to predict the variable of female students' self-efficacy by making changes (variance).

 The findings of the present study revealed that training self-differentiation can be used as an efficient method to decrease aggression and experiential avoidance in the adolescents engaged in divorce wiht externalized divorce through employing techniques such as differentiating rational from irrational beliefs, equipping the members with special communicative skills and shouldering the responsibility.

In most research, 2D models based on plane strain theory are applied for design, analysis and parametric studies of soil nailed walls and the 3D effects of trench geometry is disregarded in many cases and 2D results are generalized for 3D conditions which may lead to either unsafe design or conservative and uneconomical design. In the current study, The restrictive effects of adjacent walls in corner of nailed soil trench that are perpendicular to the main nailed wall are studied on its behavior. a soil nailed rectangular trench is modeled, full scale, in PLAXIS 3D Foundation software and the results of the critical section are compared with the results of PLAXIS 2D. In other word, the adjacent walls behave such as lateral supports and restrict the soil nailed wall deformations. The results show that the deformations of 2D analysis are always greater than those of 3D analysis. The results also show that if the length of soil nailed wall (L) is less than 10H, amount of restrictive effects are more and if L is greater than 10H the result of 2D analysis can be generalized to 3D conditions.

Both Sheykhe-Mofid and Molla-Sadra believe to revelation’s divinity.Sheykhe-mofid believed that the word of God is not eternal. Molla-Sadra has separated the word of God and the verbal text of Quran. Hehas believed that the word of God is eternal but the verbal text of Quranis not eternal. Sheykhe-Mofid believed that the God has createdrevelatory words and the prophet directly or indirectly has heard theserevelatory words and repeated them. He has denied the generalrevealed knowledge descending as collective and repulsive. Sheykhe-Mofid believed that Quran is an oral miracle. Molla-Sadra believed toboth, oral miracle and meaning miracle. But, his main emphasize is onmeaning miracle.

Muslim's theologians are unanimous in the divinity of revelation; they have only disputed about the nature of divine words: whether they are eternal or temporal created. Shaykh Mufid believes in the divinity of revelation.According to him, in the process of revelation, God creates the words and the prophet receives them directly or indirectly and then proclaims them to the people. Mufid, however, denies the collective descent of the revelation. His belief in the infallibility of the prophets, the miraculousness of the Quran, and Seal of the Prophethood show his view about the divinity of revelation.