فهرست مطالب مرضیه اسماعیلی فلاح

In the current era, one of the challenges in the field of Fiqh and law is the issues related to women. Among these chalenges, marriage to a minor wife and its corresponding issues, such as the permissibility or non-permissibility of sexual enjoyment from minor wife, which is of double importance due to the connection with the rights of the child. This essay, through rethinking in reasons, challenging the famous Fiqh theory about the permissibility of sexual enjoyment from minor wife. By addressing Ibahe principle, considered it unfounded and regarding the moral and intellectual obscenity of this action, application of evidence for permissibility of enjoying the wife, considered it the withdrawal from the subject of the minor and believes that it is possible to prevent misunderstandings about the rulings of the Sharia by re-reading it in the epistemological system of religion and paying attention to the goals of the Sharia. Also, some rational principles such as women's freedom, rationality, behaving in honorable manner, and the dominating of rules such as justice, expediency, forbidden of harm, negation of harm, etc., on all the rules of the family sphere, indicate the respect-oriented approach of religion in this regard.

In the present era, when many women are responsible for social works and require leaving home, they have confronted with challenges related to the conflict between employment and obedience. In some approaches, all the rights and duties of a wife are presumed to be of marital duties and responsibilities; in such a way that all the religious, human and citizenship rights and duties of a woman are fading away in light of the commitments and tasks of marriage. This is while a woman has rights and responsibilities towards herself, God, parents and society for her spiritual and human growth and perfection, and her duties are not completely diminished in the tasks of marriage. This study seeks to present a new reappraisal of religious texts from a female perspective by using the case study strategy while not sticking to conventional readings, and recognize the contexts and potentials in religious sources. In this way, according to many endorsed family decrees and the approval of the legislator concerning the intellectual’s stipulation, by changing the lifestyle and social presence of women, according to the principles of permissibility, soundness and such rules as dominance, justice, maintaining system, good behavior, no harm and no plight, etc., there is a possibility for the wife to leave home in a conventional and reasonable manner; and the limits of the husband's authority in the matter of obedience and permission to leave home are overshadowed by the divine and human rights and duties of the wife.

Matrimonial bond in Islam is manifested in the framework of marriage, and because of that, rights and obligations are created for each couple. One of these rights and duties is obedience.In some approaches, one of the factors affecting the passivity of women in the family and their marginalization in social life is the issue of obedience from a jurisprudential point of view and subsequently the employment, education, leaving home, mustahab worships etc with the permission of the husband for possible conflict with a man's right of obedience. Today, women, in order to increase their role and social action, want to adjust masculine norms and structures in the family institution. Today, women taking distance from traditional roles and raising issues such as women's sexual demands, control over the body, as well as the centrality of women's dignity in marital relationships and questioning the permanent unequal of power in the family, men cannot be considered in the field of sex, sole actors and women cannot be considered the passive and aimless actors and covered up the explicit demands of women and the blatant injuries of this arena.Thus, the need to recognize the wife's sexual rights in legal and religious capacities and texts is essential, regardless of the heaviness of traditional patriarchal thought. This study argues that obedience is requirements of absoluteness for contract and such things as the marriage validity of the sexual impotent people and effect of time and place in Ijtihad and the validity of the couple's rational agreements during marriage are some of the capacities that can be partially assist to woman's desire in obedience due to conditions of the contract. The current study tries by using a descriptive-analytical method as well as the library and documentary study method provide a new reading of religious texts from a female perspective and recognize the present contexts and capacities of religious sources while not persisting on conventional male readings.

Low fertility is one of the most important demographic challenges of our country with economic, social and geopolitical implications. The purpose of this article is to identify the impellers and consequences of the transition to the third child by applying a qualitative approach and contextual theory. The participants in this research are 25 women under the age of 40 living in Tehran who have three children and the process of transitioning to their third child occurred after the announcement of the general population policies in 2013 until the time of the survey. The findings indicate that the intention of pure religious practice, extending kinship network, unintended pregnancy, and gender preference are included among the most important causes of transition to a third child. The influence of the mentioned factors has taken place through some background conditions (such as age of marriage, economy, and changes in demographic policies) as well as intervention (family integration). Moreover, the results indicated that the benefits of the extending family kinship network for the future of parents and children as well as its educational-emotional functions for the children were among the most important positive consequences affecting the transition to the third child. Nevertheless, the foresaid families with three children bear financial expenses, the cost of the opportunity to have child, social costs and health (physical and mental) costs. Therefore, applying and implementing policies to support families for increasing the benefits of childbearing and reducing the foresaid expenses can result in an increase in fertility in our country.

the question of representing women in commercials and how to supervise the representation and protection of women's rights and dignity is one of the issues that different stances have taken to it regarding to its cultural, economic and social foundations as well as the attitude to this group. In some cases, this subject oversimplified, and when it comes to legislating, only general matters mentioned. On the other hand, in some cases, the reactions were very rigorous and nonflexible, so that detailed and firm rules ratified. Because in current day far-reaching Encroachment of commercials to all fields is undeniable, neglecting the legal system governing the most frequent and concise media message about women regarding to norm creation and influencing on culture and social values can overshadow favorite function of commercials and by misusing women and representing them in stereotyped forms, is the inducer of the most false faces of women to audiences. This research tries by using library and documentary study method examining and evaluating the rules and regulations regarding the protection of women's status and dignity in commercials and guarantee of implementation of these rules. The obtained results indicate the diversity, repetition and formality of the support provided in the rules and regulations in commercial messages. The lack of effective implementation guarantees should also add to this issue.

Question of gender and woman in advertising is a controversial discourse. This subject among critics of advertising especially in western countries which misuse of woman is prevalent is very important. Stereotypical contacts and determind social conception from role of woman in society make this controversy. Regarding the influence of media productions especially advertising on culture, it is very important How to represent women in advertising and protective laws aiming to guarantee correct representation.
In this this paper we tried to examine and evaluate the support of dignity of woman in the rules and regulations of existing commercial advertisements in a descriptive way and using the documentary and library study method.
Purpose of this study is analyzing and evaluating of protections from woman statute in current advertising rules and regulations. The results indicate that in Iran does not enact a comprehensive law in this regard yet and despite suitable grounds in our jurisprudence and constitution, our country have no compiled rule in this regard. In the other hand current law also have no any effective and adequate executive guarantee. In existing study the situation of woman in rules regarding advertising analyzed.