فهرست مطالب مریم ابراهیمی نیا

The use of opioid has a long history in Iran. In recent years, with the changing pattern of drug use from traditional to industrial, have increased the use of stimulants, especially methamphetamine. The purpose of this study was to compare the demographic characteristics of methamphetamine users with opioids in the selected addiction treatment center in Zahedan city.
This research was a descriptive-analytic study that was done in the period from April to March 2015 on the record of all users of methamphetamine or opioids who were referred to the selected addiction treatment center in Zahedan, numbering 156 people. The required information was collected from patient's records. Data analysis was done using chi-square and logistic regression through SPSS software (version 21).
Most of the participants were male (89.7%), less than 35 years (50.6%), married (59%), employed (60.3%) and primary or non-elementary education (35.9%). In terms of age, methamphetamine users were significantly younger than opioid users (P = 0.004). The two groups did not have a significant difference in terms of gender (P = 0.15), education level (P = 0.6) and marital status (P = 0.94). In addition, In terms of job, the most methamphetamine users unlike opioid users were unemployed (P = 0.01).
The findings of this study showed that the use of methamphetamine versus opioid has more prevalent in younger and unemployed people, therefore it can be prevented by promoting cultural and educational fields and creating an engagement for young people of the occurrence of such abnormalities in society.

Todays, increasing pollutions and environmental problems is clear and this matter cause governments and organizations worry or anxiety. These worries lead a new concept named Green product development. This study aimed at investigating the effect of green product development on the organizational performance. To achieve this goal, after investigating literature of each variables, a conceptual modern with eight hypothesizes was presented in which hypothesizes were investigated and through active companies in small and medium size industries of Yazd. In this investigation, we used structural equation modeling approach based on partial least squares method. The results of this study show that green product development effects directly on the environmental performance and organization operating performance. And the effects tortuous use the mediator role of environmental performance and operating performance on the organizational performance and organization marketing performance. In the end, based on the general effect of green product development on organizational performance, application suggestions for doing actions related to green product development, environmental performance, operating performance, and organization marketing performance in small and medium sized industries of Yazd were presented.

Background and Regarding the effective role of plant flavonoids in the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus, in this investigation, induction of P19 stem cells differentiation into insulin producing cells by flavonoids of methanol extract of Cichorium intybus L. leaf was examined. Initially, flavonoids of methanol extract of Cichorium intybus L. leaf were concentrated. The P19-derived embryonic bodies were cultured in α-MEM (Minimum Essential Medium) containing 15% fetal bovine serum for three days. To induce the differentiation, the cells treated with the concentrations of 50, 100 and 200 µg/ml of flavonoids of methanol extract of Cichorium intybus L. leaf for 12 days. Untreated P19 cells and embryonic bodies were used as controls. Dithizone staining, immunoflorecence and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques were used to demonstrate the differentiated cells. Differentiated P19 cells by different concentrations of extract shown positive reaction to dithizone staining. Most percentage of positive dithizone cells was reached in concentration of 100 µg/ml. Immunoflorecence method showed that differentiated P19 cells were able to express the pancreas beta cell-specific markers. Pdx-1 gene expression in the cells was demonstrated by RT-PCR technique. The flavonoids of methanol extract of Cichorium intybus L. leaf are able to induce differentiation of P19 stem cells to insulin producing cells.