مریم بهتری پور

The aim of this study was to determine the acute and chronic toxicity of Deltamethrin insecticides and its effect on the activity of brain acetylcholinesterase and serum catalase enzymes and gill and liver tissues of Carassius auratus in the presence of vitamin C. In the acute toxicity test, LC50 of Deltamethrin was calculated by Probit test analysis and the effect of its chronic concentration were investigated on fish (10 ± 0.5 g) in four treatments: one control (no poison and vitamin), two (0.0158 ppm Deltamethrin), three (0.0158 ppm Deltamethrin + 200 mg/Kg Food Vitamin C) and four (200 mg/Kg Food Vitamin C). At the end of the experiment, blood and gill and liver tissue samples were prepared for enzymatic and pathological studies. The results showed that Deltamethrin (treatment 2) reduced the activity of acetylcholinesterase and catalase compared to control, which this decrease was significant for acetylcholinesterase (P<0.05). However, vitamin C significantly (P<0.05) increased activity of this enzyme in treatment three compared to the second treatment. Deltamethrin (treatment two) causes necrosis, shortness, attachment and hyperplasia of secondary lamella in gill tissue, and bleeding, necrosis and formation of fatty vacuoles in the liver tissue. The severity of tissue damage in treatment three (Deltamethrin and Vitamin C) was lower than the second treatment (Deltamethrin). According to the results, vitamin C in the Carassius auratus fish diet improves the enzymatic conditions of the antioxidant system and reduces tissue damages caused by Deltamethrin in the gills and liver tissues of fish.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of trichlorfon on brain acetylcholinesterase, serum catalase enzymes, and gill and liver tissues of golden fish in the presence of vitamin C. The fish (10±0.5 g) were exposed to water-soluble trichlorfon for one month in four treatments as 1 control (no poison and vitamin), 2 (0.4 mg/l trichlorfon), 3 (0.4 mg/l trichlorfon and 200 mg/kg food vitamin C) and 4 (200 mg/kg food vitamin C), with 3 replicates. The results showed that trichlorfon significantly decreased the acetylcholinesterase activity compared to the control treatment, but the administration of vitamin C with this poison significantly (P˂0.05) increased the activity of this enzyme compared to the treatment without vitamin C. Trichlorfon did not significantly change the catalase activity compared to the control (P˃0.05). Trichlorofon caused necrosis, edema, shortness, slashing, and hyperplasia of secondary lamellas in the gills tissue of fish. This poison also caused bleeding, necrosis, and swelling of hepatocytes in the liver tissue, but because of the antioxidant properties of vitamin C, the administration of this vitamin reduced the severity of this tissue damage. According to the results, vitamin C with antioxidant properties improved enzymatic conditions and reduced the severity of gill and liver tissue damage caused by trichlorfon.